[Effects of α1-antitrypsin on motor function in mice with immature brain white matter injury]. / α1-æŠ—èƒ°è›‹ç™½é ¶å¯¹æœªæˆç†Ÿè„‘ç™½è´¨æŸä¼¤å°é¼ è¿åŠ¨åŠŸèƒ½çš„å½±å“.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of α1-antitrypsin (AAT) on motor function in adult mice with immature brain white matter injury. METHODS: Five-day-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to the sham surgery group (n=27), hypoxia-ischemia (HI) + saline group (n=27), and HI+AAT group (n=27). The HI white matter injury mouse model was established using HI methods. The HI+AAT group received intraperitoneal injections of AAT (50 mg/kg) 24 hours before HI, immediately after HI, and 72 hours after HI; the HI+saline group received intraperitoneal injections of the same volume of saline at the corresponding time points. Brain T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed at 7 and 55 days after modeling. At 2 months of age, adult mice were evaluated for static, dynamic, and coordination parameters using the Catwalk gait analysis system. RESULTS: Compared to the sham surgery group, mice with HI injury showed high signal intensity on brain T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 7 days after modeling, indicating significant white matter injury. The white matter injury persisted at 55 days after modeling. In comparison to the sham surgery group, the HI+saline group exhibited decreased paw print area, maximum contact area, average pressure, maximum pressure, paw print width, average velocity, body velocity, stride length, swing speed, percentage of gait pattern AA, and percentage of inter-limb coordination (left hind paw → left front paw) (P<0.05). The HI+saline group showed increased inter-paw distance, percentage of gait pattern AB, and percentage of phase lag (left front paw → left hind paw) compared to the sham surgery group (P<0.05). In comparison to the HI+saline group, the HI+AAT group showed increased average velocity, body velocity, stride length, and swing speed (right front paw) (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The mice with immature brain white matter injury may exhibit significant motor dysfunction in adulthood, while the use of AAT can improve some aspects of their motor function.

Concurrent Ammonia Synthesis and Alcohol Oxidation Boosted by Glutathione-Capped Quantum Dots under Visible Light.

Mother nature accomplishes efficient ammonia synthesis via cascade N2 oxidation by lightning strikes followed with enzyme-catalyzed nitrogen oxyanion (NOx -, x = 2,3) reduction. The protein environment of enzymatic centers for NOx --to-NH4 + process greatly inspires the design of glutathione-capped (GSH) quantum dots (QDs) for ammonia synthesis under visible light (440 nm) in tandem with plasma-enabled N2 oxidation. Mechanistic studies reveal that GSH induces positive shift of surface charge to strengthen the interaction between NOx - and QDs. Upon visible light irradiation of QDs, the balanced and rapid hole and electron transfer furnish GS·radicals for 2e-/2H+ alcohol oxidation and H·for 8e-/10H+ NO3 --to-NH4 + reduction simultaneously. For the first time, mmol-scale ammonia synthesis is realized with apparent quantum yields of 5.45% ± 0.64%, and gram-scale synthesis of value-added acetophenone and NH4Cl proceeds with 1:4 stoichiometry and stability, demonstrating promising multielectron and multiproton ammonia synthesis efficiency and sustainability with nature-inspired artificial photocatalysts.