RESUMEN
Rare genetic variants in toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) are known to cause lupus in humans and mice. UNC93B1 is a transmembrane protein that regulates TLR7 localization into endosomes. In the present study, we identify two new variants in UNC93B1 (T314A, located proximally to the TLR7 transmembrane domain, and V117L) in a cohort of east Asian patients with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. The V117L variant was associated with increased expression of type I interferons and NF-κB-dependent cytokines in patient plasma and immortalized B cells. THP-1 cells expressing the variant UNC93B1 alleles exhibited exaggerated responses to stimulation of TLR7/-8, but not TLR3 or TLR9, which could be inhibited by targeting the downstream signaling molecules, IRAK1/-4. Heterozygous mice expressing the orthologous Unc93b1V117L variant developed a spontaneous lupus-like disease that was more severe in homozygotes and again hyperresponsive to TLR7 stimulation. Together, this work formally identifies genetic variants in UNC93B1 that can predispose to childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.
Asunto(s)
Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico , Receptor Toll-Like 7 , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/genética , Humanos , Animales , Receptor Toll-Like 7/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 7/metabolismo , Ratones , Niño , Femenino , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/metabolismo , Masculino , Edad de Inicio , Variación Genética , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Adolescente , Células THP-1 , Interferón Tipo I/metabolismoRESUMEN
Biliary atresia (BA) is a severe cholangiopathy that leads to liver failure in infants, but its pathogenesis remains to be fully characterized. By single-cell RNA profiling, we observed macrophage hypo-inflammation, Kupffer cell scavenger function defects, cytotoxic T cell expansion, and deficiency of CX3CR1+effector T and natural killer (NK) cells in infants with BA. More importantly, we discovered that hepatic B cell lymphopoiesis did not cease after birth and that tolerance defects contributed to immunoglobulin G (IgG)-autoantibody accumulation in BA. In a rhesus-rotavirus induced BA model, depleting B cells or blocking antigen presentation ameliorated liver damage. In a pilot clinical study, we demonstrated that rituximab was effective in depleting hepatic B cells and restoring the functions of macrophages, Kupffer cells, and T cells to levels comparable to those of control subjects. In summary, our comprehensive immune profiling in infants with BA had educed that B-cell-modifying therapies may alleviate liver pathology.
Asunto(s)
Atresia Biliar/inmunología , Atresia Biliar/terapia , Hígado/inmunología , Animales , Antígenos CD20/metabolismo , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Atresia Biliar/sangre , Atresia Biliar/tratamiento farmacológico , Biopsia , Receptor 1 de Quimiocinas CX3C/metabolismo , Muerte Celular , Línea Celular , Proliferación Celular , Transdiferenciación Celular , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Citotoxicidad Inmunológica , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Lactante , Inflamación/patología , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Macrófagos del Hígado/patología , Hígado/patología , Cirrosis Hepática/sangre , Cirrosis Hepática/complicaciones , Cirrosis Hepática/inmunología , Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Depleción Linfocítica , Linfopoyesis , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Fagocitosis , ARN/metabolismo , Rituximab/administración & dosificación , Rituximab/farmacología , Rituximab/uso terapéutico , Rotavirus/fisiología , Análisis de la Célula Individual , Células TH1/inmunología , Células Th17/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Pediatric-onset colitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have significant effects on the growth of infants and children, but the etiopathogenesis underlying disease subtypes remains incompletely understood. Here, we report single-cell clustering, immune phenotyping, and risk gene analysis for children with undifferentiated colitis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. We demonstrate disease-specific characteristics, as well as common pathogenesis marked by impaired cyclic AMP (cAMP)-response signaling. Specifically, infiltration of PDE4B- and TNF-expressing macrophages, decreased abundance of CD39-expressing intraepithelial T cells, and platelet aggregation and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine at the colonic mucosae were common in colitis and IBD patients. Targeting these pathways by using the phosphodiesterase inhibitor dipyridamole restored immune homeostasis and improved colitis symptoms in a pilot study. In summary, comprehensive analysis of the colonic mucosae has uncovered common pathogenesis and therapeutic targets for children with colitis and IBD.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/patología , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/terapia , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Apirasa/metabolismo , Linfocitos B/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Microambiente Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Colon/patología , Células Dendríticas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Dipiridamol/farmacología , Células Endoteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/patología , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Homeostasis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Memoria Inmunológica , Inflamación/patología , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/sangre , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/genética , Interferón Tipo I/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Metilprednisolona/farmacología , Células Mieloides/efectos de los fármacos , Células Mieloides/metabolismoRESUMEN
In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the relationship between disease severity and the host immune response is not fully understood. Here we performed single-cell RNA sequencing in peripheral blood samples of 5 healthy donors and 13 patients with COVID-19, including moderate, severe and convalescent cases. Through determining the transcriptional profiles of immune cells, coupled with assembled T cell receptor and B cell receptor sequences, we analyzed the functional properties of immune cells. Most cell types in patients with COVID-19 showed a strong interferon-α response and an overall acute inflammatory response. Moreover, intensive expansion of highly cytotoxic effector T cell subsets, such as CD4+ effector-GNLY (granulysin), CD8+ effector-GNLY and NKT CD160, was associated with convalescence in moderate patients. In severe patients, the immune landscape featured a deranged interferon response, profound immune exhaustion with skewed T cell receptor repertoire and broad T cell expansion. These findings illustrate the dynamic nature of immune responses during disease progression.
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Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Betacoronavirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/inmunología , Interferón Tipo I/metabolismo , Neumonía Viral/inmunología , Receptores Inmunológicos/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Antígenos CD/genética , Antígenos CD/inmunología , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/genética , Antígenos de Diferenciación de Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/metabolismo , COVID-19 , Estudios de Cohortes , Infecciones por Coronavirus/sangre , Infecciones por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Coronavirus/virología , Femenino , Proteínas Ligadas a GPI/genética , Proteínas Ligadas a GPI/inmunología , Proteínas Ligadas a GPI/metabolismo , Humanos , Interferón Tipo I/genética , Interferón Tipo I/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Células Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pandemias , Neumonía Viral/sangre , Neumonía Viral/diagnóstico , Neumonía Viral/virología , RNA-Seq , Receptores Inmunológicos/genética , Receptores Inmunológicos/inmunología , SARS-CoV-2 , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Análisis de la Célula IndividualRESUMEN
In mice, only the zygotes and blastomeres from 2-cell embryos are authentic totipotent stem cells (TotiSCs) capable of producing all the differentiated cells in both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues and forming an entire organism1. However, it remains unknown whether and how totipotent stem cells can be established in vitro in the absence of germline cells. Here we demonstrate the induction and long-term maintenance of TotiSCs from mouse pluripotent stem cells using a combination of three small molecules: the retinoic acid analogue TTNPB, 1-azakenpaullone and the kinase blocker WS6. The resulting chemically induced totipotent stem cells (ciTotiSCs), resembled mouse totipotent 2-cell embryo cells at the transcriptome, epigenome and metabolome levels. In addition, ciTotiSCs exhibited bidirectional developmental potentials and were able to produce both embryonic and extraembryonic cells in vitro and in teratoma. Furthermore, following injection into 8-cell embryos, ciTotiSCs contributed to both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages with high efficiency. Our chemical approach to totipotent stem cell induction and maintenance provides a defined in vitro system for manipulating and developing understanding of the totipotent state and the development of multicellular organisms from non-germline cells.
Asunto(s)
Células Madre Totipotentes , Animales , Ratones , Blastómeros , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Embrionarias/citología , Células Madre Embrionarias/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Pluripotentes/citología , Células Madre Pluripotentes/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Totipotentes/citología , Células Madre Totipotentes/efectos de los fármacos , Teratoma/patología , Linaje de la Célula/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Genetic lesions in X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) pre-dispose humans to cell death-associated inflammatory diseases, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that two patients with XIAP deficiency-associated inflammatory bowel disease display increased inflammatory IL-1ß maturation as well as cell death-associated caspase-8 and Gasdermin D (GSDMD) processing in diseased tissue, which is reduced upon patient treatment. Loss of XIAP leads to caspase-8-driven cell death and bioactive IL-1ß release that is only abrogated by combined deletion of the apoptotic and pyroptotic cell death machinery. Namely, extrinsic apoptotic caspase-8 promotes pyroptotic GSDMD processing that kills macrophages lacking both inflammasome and apoptosis signalling components (caspase-1, -3, -7, -11 and BID), while caspase-8 can still cause cell death in the absence of both GSDMD and GSDME when caspase-3 and caspase-7 are present. Neither caspase-3 and caspase-7-mediated activation of the pannexin-1 channel, or GSDMD loss, prevented NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and consequent caspase-1 and IL-1ß maturation downstream of XIAP inhibition and caspase-8 activation, even though the pannexin-1 channel was required for NLRP3 triggering upon mitochondrial apoptosis. These findings uncouple the mechanisms of cell death and NLRP3 activation resulting from extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis signalling, reveal how XIAP loss can co-opt dual cell death programs, and uncover strategies for targeting the cell death and inflammatory pathways that result from XIAP deficiency.
Asunto(s)
Inflamasomas , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR , Humanos , Apoptosis , Caspasa 1/genética , Caspasa 1/metabolismo , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Caspasa 7/metabolismo , Caspasa 8/genética , Caspasa 8/metabolismo , Muerte Celular , Inflamasomas/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismo , Piroptosis/fisiología , Proteína Inhibidora de la Apoptosis Ligada a X/genética , Proteína Inhibidora de la Apoptosis Ligada a X/metabolismoRESUMEN
Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) 2b is a ubiquitous SERCA family member that conducts Ca2+ uptake from the cytosol to the ER. Herein, we present a 3.3 Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human SERCA2b in the E1·2Ca2+ state, revealing a new conformation for Ca2+ -bound SERCA2b with a much closer arrangement of cytosolic domains than in the previously reported crystal structure of Ca2+ -bound SERCA1a. Multiple conformations generated by 3D classification of cryo-EM maps reflect the intrinsically dynamic nature of the cytosolic domains in this state. Notably, ATP binding residues of SERCA2b in the E1·2Ca2+ state are located at similar positions to those in the E1·2Ca2+ -ATP state; hence, the cryo-EM structure likely represents a preformed state immediately prior to ATP binding. Consistently, a SERCA2b mutant with an interdomain disulfide bridge that locks the closed cytosolic domain arrangement displayed significant autophosphorylation activity in the presence of Ca2+ . We propose a novel mechanism of ATP binding to SERCA2b.
Asunto(s)
Adenosina Trifosfato/química , Microscopía por Crioelectrón , Modelos Moleculares , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio del Retículo Sarcoplásmico/química , Adenosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Sitios de Unión , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Humanos , Hidrólisis , Conformación Molecular , Unión Proteica , Dominios y Motivos de Interacción de Proteínas , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio del Retículo Sarcoplásmico/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Functionally diverse T cell populations interact to maintain homeostasis of the immune system. We found that human and mouse antigen-activated T cells with high expression of the lymphocyte surface marker CD52 suppressed other T cells. CD52(hi)CD4(+) T cells were distinct from CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. Their suppression was mediated by soluble CD52 released by phospholipase C. Soluble CD52 bound to the inhibitory receptor Siglec-10 and impaired phosphorylation of the T cell receptor-associated kinases Lck and Zap70 and T cell activation. Humans with type 1 diabetes had a lower frequency and diminished function of CD52(hi)CD4(+) T cells responsive to the autoantigen GAD65. In diabetes-prone mice of the nonobese diabetic (NOD) strain, transfer of lymphocyte populations depleted of CD52(hi) cells resulted in a substantially accelerated onset of diabetes. Our studies identify a ligand-receptor mechanism of T cell regulation that may protect humans and mice from autoimmune disease.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos CD/inmunología , Antígenos de Neoplasias/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/inmunología , Glicoproteínas/inmunología , Activación de Linfocitos/inmunología , Lectinas Similares a la Inmunoglobulina de Unión a Ácido Siálico/inmunología , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/inmunología , Animales , Antígenos CD/genética , Antígenos de Neoplasias/genética , Autoantígenos/inmunología , Antígeno CD52 , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Glicoproteínas/genética , Homeostasis/inmunología , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos NOD , Ratones SCID , Fosforilación/inmunología , ARN Mensajero/química , ARN Mensajero/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Proteína Tirosina Quinasa ZAP-70/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the causative agent of foot-and-mouth disease, one of the most highly infectious animal viruses throughout the world. The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is a highly conserved pathway for IFN-ß-induced antiviral gene expression. Previous studies have shown that FMDV can strongly suppress the innate immune response. Moreover, although STAT1 and STAT2 (STAT1/2) have been well established in JAK-STAT signaling-induced antiviral gene expression, whether FMDV proteins inhibit IFN-ß-induced JAK-STAT signaling remains poorly understood. In this study, we described the Lb leader protease (Lbpro) of FMDV as a candidate for inhibiting IFN-ß-induced signaling transduction via directly interacting with STAT1/2. We further showed that Lbpro colocalized with STAT1/2 to inhibit their nuclear translocation. Importantly, Lbpro cleaved STAT1/2 to inhibit IFN-ß-induced signal transduction, whereas the catalytically inactive mutant of LC51A (Lbpro with cysteine substituted with alanine at amino acid residue 51) had no effect on the stability of STAT1/2 proteins. The cleavage of the STAT1/2 proteins was also determined during FMDV infection in vitro. Lbpro could cleave the residues between 252 and 502 aa for STAT1 and the site spanning residues 140 - 150 aa (QQHEIESRIL) for STAT2. The in vivo results showed that Lbpro can cleave STAT1/2 in pigs. Overall, our findings suggest that FMDV Lbpro-mediated targeting of STAT1/2 may reveal a novel mechanism for viral immune evasion.
Asunto(s)
Endopeptidasas , Virus de la Fiebre Aftosa , Interferón beta , Factor de Transcripción STAT1 , Factor de Transcripción STAT2 , Animales , Virus de la Fiebre Aftosa/enzimología , Inmunidad Innata , Péptido Hidrolasas , Transducción de Señal , Porcinos , Interferón beta/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1) signaling, apart from its pleiotropic functions in inflammation, plays a role in embryogenesis as deficiency of varieties of its downstream molecules leads to embryonic lethality in mice. Caspase-8 noncleavable receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 (RIPK1) mutations occur naturally in humans, and the corresponding D325A mutation in murine RIPK1 leads to death at early midgestation. It is known that both the demise of Ripk1D325A/D325A embryos and the death of Casp8-/- mice are initiated by TNFR1, but they are mediated by apoptosis and necroptosis, respectively. Here, we show that the defects in Ripk1D325A/D325A embryos occur at embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5), earlier than that caused by Casp8 knockout. By analyzing a series of genetically mutated mice, we elucidated a mechanism that leads to the lethality of Ripk1D325A/D325A embryos and compared it with that underlies Casp8 deletion-mediated lethality. We revealed that the apoptosis in Ripk1D325A/D325A embryos requires a scaffold function of RIPK3 and enzymatically active caspase-8. Unexpectedly, caspase-1 and caspase-11 are downstream of activated caspase-8, and concurrent depletion of Casp1 and Casp11 postpones the E10.5 lethality to embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5). Moreover, caspase-3 is an executioner of apoptosis at E10.5 in Ripk1D325A/D325A mice as its deletion extends life of Ripk1D325A/D325A mice to embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5). Hence, an unexpected death pathway of TNFR1 controls RIPK1 D325A mutation-induced lethality at E10.5.
Asunto(s)
Caspasa 8/fisiología , Desarrollo Embrionario , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinasas de Interacción con Receptores/fisiología , Receptores Tipo I de Factores de Necrosis Tumoral/metabolismo , Animales , Caspasas/metabolismo , Muerte Celular , Ratones , Cultivo Primario de Células , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinasas de Interacción con Receptores/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Severe pneumonia frequently causes irreversible sequelae and represents a major health burden for children under the age of 5. Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) is a zinc-dependent endopeptidase that is involved in various cellular processes. The correlation between MMP9 and the risk of severe childhood pneumonia remains unclear. METHODS: Here we assemble a case-control cohort to study the association of genetic variants in MMP9 gene with severe childhood pneumonia susceptibility in a Southern Chinese population (1034 cases and 8426 controls). RESULTS: Our results indicate that the allele G in rs3918262 SNP was significantly associated with an increased risk of severe pneumonia. Bioinformatic analyses by expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL), RegulomeDB and FORGEdb database analysis showed that rs3918262 SNP has potential regulatory effect on translational efficiency and protein level of MMP9 gene. Furthermore, MMP9 concentrations were significantly up-regulated in the bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) of children with severe pneumonia. CONCLUSION: In summary, our findings suggest that MMP9 is a novel predisposing gene for childhood pneumonia.
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Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz , Neumonía , Niño , Humanos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , China , Genotipo , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Neumonía/diagnóstico , Neumonía/epidemiología , Neumonía/genéticaRESUMEN
How autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved intracellular catabolic system for bulk degradation, selectively degrades protein aggregates is poorly understood. Here, we show that several maternally derived germ P granule components are selectively eliminated by autophagy in somatic cells during C. elegans embryogenesis. The activity of sepa-1 is required for the degradation of these P granule components and for their accumulation into aggregates, termed PGL granules, in autophagy mutants. SEPA-1 forms protein aggregates and is also a preferential target of autophagy. SEPA-1 directly binds to the P granule component PGL-3 and also to the autophagy protein LGG-1/Atg8. SEPA-1 aggregates consistently colocalize with PGL granules and with LGG-1 puncta. Thus, SEPA-1 functions as a bridging molecule in mediating the specific recognition and degradation of P granule components by autophagy. Our study reveals a mechanism for preferential degradation of protein aggregates by autophagy and emphasizes the physiological significance of selective autophagy during animal development.
Asunto(s)
Autofagia , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Caenorhabditis elegans/citología , Caenorhabditis elegans/embriología , Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Gránulos Citoplasmáticos/metabolismo , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/química , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Proteínas Portadoras/química , Proteínas Portadoras/genética , Trastornos del Desarrollo Sexual , Herencia Extracromosómica , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismoRESUMEN
Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2b (SERCA2b), a member of the SERCA family, is expressed ubiquitously and transports Ca2+ into the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum using the energy provided by ATP binding and hydrolysis. The crystal structure of SERCA2b in its Ca2+ - and ATP-bound (E1â2Ca2+ -ATP) state and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the protein in its E1â2Ca2+ -ATP and Ca2+ -unbound phosphorylated (E2P) states have provided essential insights into how the overall conformation and ATPase activity of SERCA2b is regulated by the transmembrane helix 11 and the subsequent luminal extension loop, both of which are specific to this isoform. More recently, our cryo-EM analysis has revealed that SERCA2b likely adopts open and closed conformations of the cytosolic domains in the Ca2+ -bound but ATP-free (E1â2Ca2+ ) state, and that the closed conformation represents a state immediately prior to ATP binding. This review article summarizes the unique mechanisms underlying the conformational and functional regulation of SERCA2b.
Asunto(s)
Calcio , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio del Retículo Sarcoplásmico , Adenosina Trifosfato/metabolismo , Calcio/metabolismo , Microscopía por Crioelectrón , Retículo Endoplásmico/metabolismo , Humanos , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio del Retículo Sarcoplásmico/química , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio del Retículo Sarcoplásmico/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the association between the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in early pregnancy and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the second trimester. The primary objectives were to evaluate the predictive potential of the TyG index for GDM, determine the optimal threshold value of the TyG index for GDM assessment, and compare the predictive performance of the TyG index alone versus its combination with maternal age and pre-pregnancy body mass index on GDM. Moreover, the study explored the association between the TyG index in early pregnancy and the risk of other pregnancy-related complications (PRCs), such as placental abruption and gestational hypertension. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective cohort study recruited 1,624 pregnant women who underwent early pregnancy antenatal counseling and comprehensive assessments with continuous monitoring until delivery. To calculate the TyG index, health indicators, including maternal triglycerides and fasting plasma glucose, were measured in early pregnancy (< 14 weeks of gestation). The predictive power of the TyG index for evaluating GDM in Chinese pregnant women was determined using multifactorial logistic regression to derive the odds ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses were conducted, and the efficacy of the TyG index in predicting PRCs was assessed via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and restricted cubic spline, with the optimal cutoff value calculated. RESULTS: Logistic regression analyses revealed a 2.10-fold increase in the GDM risk for every 1-unit increase in the TyG index, after adjusting for covariates. The highest GDM risk was observed in the group with the highest TyG index compared with the lowest quintile group (odds ratios: 3.25; 95% CI: 2.23-4.75). Subgroup analyses indicated that exceeding the recommended range of gestational weight gain and an increased GDM risk were significantly associated (P = 0.001). Regarding predictive performance, the TyG index exhibited the highest area under the curve (AUC) value in the ROC curve for GDM (AUC: 0.641, 95% CI: 0.61-0.671). The optimal cutoff value was 8.890, with both sensitivity and specificity of 0.617.The combination of the TyG index, maternal age, and pre-pregnancy body mass index proved to be a superior predictor of GDM than the TyG index alone (AUC: 0.672 vs. 0.641, P < 0.01). After adjusting for multiple factors, the analyses indicated that the TyG index was associated with an increased risk of gestational hypertension. However, no significant association was noted between the TyG index and the risk of preeclampsia, placental abruption, intrauterine distress, or premature rupture of membranes. CONCLUSION: The TyG index can effectively identify the occurrence of GDM in the second trimester, aligning with previous research. Incorporating the TyG index into routine clinical assessments of maternal health holds significant practical implications. Early identification of high-risk groups enables healthcare providers to implement timely interventions, such as increased monitoring frequency for high-risk pregnant women and personalized nutritional counseling and health education. These measures can help prevent or alleviate potential maternal and infant complications, thereby enhancing the overall health outcomes for both mothers and babies.
Asunto(s)
Desprendimiento Prematuro de la Placenta , Diabetes Gestacional , Hipertensión Inducida en el Embarazo , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Triglicéridos , Glucosa , Estudios Prospectivos , Placenta , Glucemia , Índice de Masa CorporalRESUMEN
Coordination of neurite extension with surrounding glia development is critical for neuronal function, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Through a genome-wide mutagenesis screen in C. elegans, we identified dyf-4 and daf-6 as two mutants sharing similar defects in dendrite extension. DAF-6 encodes a glia-specific patched-related membrane protein that plays vital roles in glial morphogenesis. We cloned dyf-4 and found that DYF-4 encodes a glia-secreted protein. Further investigations revealed that DYF-4 interacts with DAF-6 and functions in a same pathway as DAF-6 to regulate sensory compartment formation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that reported glial suppressors of daf-6 could also restore dendrite elongation and ciliogenesis in both dyf-4 and daf-6 mutants. Collectively, our data reveal that DYF-4 is a regulator for DAF-6 which promotes the proper formation of the glial channel and indirectly affects neurite extension and ciliogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Genoma de los Helmintos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/genética , Neurogénesis/genética , Animales , Caenorhabditis elegans/citología , Caenorhabditis elegans/crecimiento & desarrollo , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Comunicación Celular , Cilios/genética , Cilios/metabolismo , Clonación Molecular , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Vectores Genéticos/química , Vectores Genéticos/metabolismo , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Mutagénesis , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Neuritas/metabolismo , Neuroglía/citología , Neuroglía/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismoRESUMEN
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor of potential reproductive toxicities. Increasingly research elucidated that BPA exposure to the environment would change the epigenetic modifications of transcriptome, but the mechanism by which BPA affects m6A methylation in interfering with female reproductive health remains uncertain. Therefore, this study preliminarily proposed and tested the hypothesis that BPA exposure alters the m6A modification level in transcripts in female ovarian granulosa cells. After BPA was exposed to granulosa cells for 24 h, RNA methylation related regulatory genes (such as METTL3, METTL14, ALKBH5, FTO) and the global m6A levels showed significant differences. Next, we applied MERIP-seq analysis to obtain information on the genome-wide m6A modification changes and identified 1595 differentially methylated mRNA transcripts, and 50 differentially methylated lncRNA transcripts. Further joint analysis of gene common expression showed that 33 genes were hypermethylated and up-regulated, 71 were hypermethylated and down-regulated, 49 were hypomethylated and up-regulated, and 20 were hypomethylated and down-regulated. Enriched Gene Ontology (GO) and biological pathway analysis revealed that these unique genes were mainly enriched in lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, and apoptosis related pathways. Six of these genes (mRNAs IMPA1, MCOLN1, DCTN3, BRCA2, and lncRNAs MALAT1, XIST) were validated using RT-qPCR and IGV software. Through comprehensive analysis of epitranscriptome and protein-protein interaction (PPI) data, lncRNAs MALAT1 and XIST are expected to serve as new markers for BPA interfering with the female reproductive system. In brief, these data show a novel and necessary connection between the damage of BPA exposure on female ovarian granulosa cells and RNA methylation modification.
Asunto(s)
Fenoles , ARN Largo no Codificante , Femenino , Humanos , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Transcriptoma , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/toxicidad , Metilación de ARNRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Newspapers are a predominant channel through which the Chinese public learns about nurses and the nursing profession. However, little nursing research has been performed in China to investigate the newspaper portrayal of nurses, and how the public perceives the role of nurses in the Chinese context is still an ambiguous phenomenon. This study aimed to clarify the public portrayals of nurses in China, and to analyze whether there are changes over time in news content related to nurses in the national newspapers. DESIGN: A content analysis of the newspaper articles citing nurses that have been published since each newspaper was established. METHOD: We selected two national daily newspapers as sources to systematically search for articles about nurses from 1949 to 2022. A coding instrument was developed to quantitatively extract the contents of the articles identified. Then, using a mixed methods approach, we analyzed newspaper content to show the roles of nurses presented to the public by the media. RESULTS: A total of 317 articles were analyzed. Nurses have been depicted with heterogeneous images in both newspapers with positive wordings and up to 28 types of public images. More than half of the articles portrayed two, three, or more types of images. Among the images of nurses identified, "overworked" appeared the most frequently, followed by "dedicated," "philanthropic and benevolent," and "with a sense of responsibility," and then "technically skilled." By analyzing the image of nurses in both newspapers over time, we found that images related to virtue have largely increased with time, while images about professionalism have decreased. CONCLUSION: Nursing continues to be depicted as a virtuous caregiving profession, often forgetting the wide need for knowledge, skill, and expertise required in the occupation. The public image of nurses portrayed in the national newspapers does not accurately match their actual roles. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The public image of nurses portrayed in the national newspapers does not accurately match their actual roles. To actualize a professional role and increase social status of nurses, intentional image management is needed. Nursing schools, nursing associations, and nursing professionals should be more proactive in overcoming the stereotypical image portrayed of them and use the news media as a tool to invite attention from and dialogue with the public about the value of nursing to reframe the public's understanding of the expert role of the professional nurse in health care and to create a new and more professional image for nursing.
Asunto(s)
Medios de Comunicación de Masas , Investigación en Enfermería , Humanos , Rol Profesional , China , AprendizajeRESUMEN
SARS-CoV-2 S-protein-mediated fusion is thought to involve the interaction of the membrane-distal or N-terminal heptad repeat (NHR) ("HR1") of the cleaved S2 segment of the protein and the membrane-proximal or C-terminal heptad repeat (CHR) ("HR2") regions of the protein. We examined the fusion inhibitory activity of a PEGylated HR2-derived peptide and its palmitoylated derivative using a pseudovirus infection assay. The latter peptide caused a 76% reduction in fusion activity at 10 µM. Our results suggest that small variations in peptide derivatization and differences in the membrane composition of pseudovirus preparations may affect the inhibitory potency of HR2-derived peptides. We suggest that future studies on the inhibition of infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in both in vitro and in vivo systems consider the need for higher concentrations of peptide inhibitors.
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Péptidos , SARS-CoV-2 , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus , SARS-CoV-2/efectos de los fármacos , SARS-CoV-2/metabolismo , Humanos , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/metabolismo , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/química , Péptidos/farmacología , Péptidos/química , Ácido Palmítico/farmacología , Ácido Palmítico/química , Internalización del Virus/efectos de los fármacos , COVID-19/virología , COVID-19/metabolismo , Antivirales/farmacología , Antivirales/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Patient experience plays an essential role in improving clinical effectiveness and patient safety. It's important to identify factors influencing patient experience and to improve quality of healthcare. OBJECTIVE: To identify factors that influence patient experience in hospital wards. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review including six databases; they were PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, ProQuest, and Cochrane. Studies were included if they met the inclusion criteria. The JBI checklist was used to perform quality appraisal. We used 5 domains of the ecological model to organize and synthesize our findings to comprehensively understand the multi-level factors influencing the issue. RESULT: A total of 138 studies were included, and 164 factors were identified. These factors were integrated into 6 domains. All domains but one (survey-related factors) could be mapped onto the attributes of the ecological framework: intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, community, and public policy level factors. All factors had mixed effect on patient experience. The intrapersonal level refers to individual characteristics of patients. The interpersonal level refers to interactions between patients and healthcare providers, such as the caring time spent by a nurse. The institutional level refers to organizational characteristics, rules and regulations for operations, such as hospital size and accreditation. The community level refers to relationships among organizations, institutions, and informational networks within defined boundaries, such as a hospital located in a larger population area. Public policy level refers to local, state, national, and global laws and policies, including health insurance policies. The sixth domain, survey-related factors, was added to the framework and included factors such as survey response rate and survey response time. CONCLUSION: The factors influencing patient experience are comprehensive, ranging from intrapersonal to public policy. Providers should adopt a holistic and integrated perspective to assess patient experience and develop context-specific interventions to improve the quality of care. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023401066.
RESUMEN
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) has attracted much interest due to its potential applications on chiral photonic techniques and optoelectronic materials science. As known, dissymmetry factor (gem ) of CPL is one essential factor for evaluating the features of CPL-active materials. Much attention has focused on how to increase the gem value, which is one of the most important issues for CPL practical applications. Recently, more and more works have demonstrated that chiral supramolecular could provide the significant strategy to improve the gem value through the orderly helical superstructure of chiral building blocks. Normally, this kind of chiral supramolecular assembly process can be accompanied by chirality transfer and induction mechanism, which can promote the amplification effect on the induced CPL of achiral dyes. In this review, we fully summarized recent advances on the induced CPL-active materials of chiral supramolecular co-assemblies, their applications in circularly polarized organic light-emitting diodes (CP-OLEDs) and current challenges.