Imaging the Iodine Sorption-Induced Synchronous Skeleton-Pore Interactions of Single Covalent Organic Framework Particles.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are promising iodine adsorbents. For improved performances, it is critical and essential to fundamentally understand the underlying mechanism. Here, using the operando dark-field optical microscopy (DFM) imaging technique, the observation of an extraordinary structure shrinkage of 2D triphenylbenzene (TPB)-dimethoxyterephthaldehyde (DMTP)-COF upon the adsorption of I2 vapor at the single-particle resolution is reported. Combining single-particle DFM imaging with other experimental and theoretical methods, it is revealed that the shrinkage mechanism of the TPB-DMTP-COF is attributed to the I2 sorption-induced synchronous skeleton-pore interactions. The redox reaction of I2 and TPB-DMTP-COF yields some cationic skeletons and I3 - species, which triggers the multi-directional halogen-bonding interactions of I2 and I3 - as well as strong cation-π interactions between neutral and cationic skeletons, accompanying the synchronous in-plane skeleton shrinking in the xy plane and compact out-of-plane layer packing in the z-direction. This understanding of the synchronous action between the skeleton and pore breaks the perspective on the structure robustness of 2D COFs with excellent stability during the I2 uptake, which offers pivotal guidance for the rational design and creation of advanced microporous adsorbents.

Real-Time Imaging of Interfacial Copper(II) Ion-Initiated Selective Etching in the Core Region of Single Cuprous Oxide-Bismoclite Core-Shell Microcrystals.

The core-shell microstructures are attracting much interest, most notably for their superior performance compared with their pure counterparts because of the interfacial effect. Comprehensively understanding the mechanism of the interfacial effect is critical but still elusive. Here, we report real-time dark-field optical microscopy (DFM) imaging of the selective etching in the core region of single cuprous oxide-bismoclite (Cu2O@BiOCl) core-shell microcrystals by I-. In situ DFM observations reveal that the reaction activity of Cu2O is significantly improved after coating the BiOCl shell layer, and the I- diffuses through the BiOCl shell and approaches the interface region, followed by etching the Cu2O core. During the etching process, two distinct reaction pathways, such as interfacial Cu2+-driven redox etching and confinement-governed dissolution, are identified. The interfacial Cu2+ is generated due to the coordination number difference at the core-shell interface. Moreover, according to the in situ DFM single-crystal imaging results, the ensemble adsorption capacity improvement for I- is also demonstrated in Cu2O@BiOCl core-shell microcrystals. These findings provide deep insights into the interfacial effect of core-shell microcrystals and establish a bridge between microscopic imaging and macroscopic practical application.

Semiparametric analysis of multivariate panel count data with nonlinear interactions.

Multivariate panel count data frequently arise in follow up studies involving several related types of recurrent events. For univariate panel count data, several varying coefficient models have been developed. However, varying coefficient models for multivariate panel count data remain to be studied. In this paper, we propose a varying coefficient mean model for multivariate panel count data to describe the possible nonlinear interact effects between the covariates and the local logarithm partial likelihood procedure is considered to estimate the unknown covariate effects. Furthermore, a Breslow-type estimator is constructed for the baseline mean functions. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators are established under some mild conditions. The utility of the proposed approach is evaluated by some numerical simulations and an application to a dataset of skin cancer study.

Synergistic Recognition-Triggered Charge Transfer Enables Rapid Visual Colorimetric Detection of Fentanyl.

As a new psychoactive substance, abuse of fentanyl (FTN) is currently spreading around the world, resulting in an urgent need of on-site and rapid analytical methods for detection of FTN. Here, we present a synergistic recognition strategy for rapid, cost-effective, selective, sensitive, and visual colorimetric detection of FTN by taking advantage of Rose Bengal (RB) as the specific probe. This assay is based on the halogen- and hydrogen-bonding interactions between them, generating a charge transfer and accompanying a red shift in the RB absorption band as well as color change from red to purple. The utility of the present visual colorimetric assay is demonstrated in aqueous solution, diluted urine, and domestic sewage samples. A detection limit of 0.7 mg·L-1 in aqueous solution is achieved, and the naked-eye detection of FTN is also realized in different real matrices within 6 min. Moreover, this method is insusceptible to interference from various substances (other opioids, cutting agents of street drugs, FTN precursors, amino acids, and small-molecular amines). Additionally, we successfully fabricate a smartphone-based portable device to determine FTN, which is appropriate for field tests. The present work not only provides the first visual assay for FTN but also reveals the molecular structure-property relationship, which will guide the design and development of various probes for recognizing FTN.

The role of fibrinogen in predicting reinfection after DAIR for periprosthetic joint infections.

BACKGROUND: Fibrinogen (FIB) has been found to be a promising marker in diagnosing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), however, the value of FIB in predicting reinfection of PJI is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of FIB in predicting reinfection after debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) for PJI. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients who were diagnosed with PJI and underwent DAIR from 2013 to 2019. The levels of the FIB, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured before DAIR. After DAIR, patients were followed and reinfections were identified. For both acute and chronic PJI, the predictive value of FIB was evaluated by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and was compared with traditional inflammatory markers including ESR and CRP. RESULTS: The expression of FIB differed between patients reinfected and those not reinfected in both acute and chronic PJI (p < 0.05). In patients who underwent DAIR for acute PJI, the sensitivity and specificity of FIB were 81.82 and 83.33%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of CRP (sensitivity, 72.73%; specificity, 50%; p < 0.05), while the specificity was higher than that of ESR (specificity, 41.67%; p < 0.05). In patients who underwent DAIR for chronic PJI, the sensitivity and specificity of FIB were 80.00 and 66.66%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of CRP (sensitivity, 53.33%; specificity, 66.66%; p < 0.05) and ESR (sensitivity was 66.00%; specificity, 16.66%; p < 0.05). The ROC curves showed that FIB demonstrated the highest AUC among the biomarkers in both acute and chronic PJI. CONCLUSION: FIB is a promising indicator in predicting reinfection after DAIR for both acute and chronic PJI, and it seems to perform better than ESR and CRP.

A meta-analysis of interleukin-6 as a valid and accurate index in diagnosing early neonatal sepsis.

We aimed to systematically assess the overall value of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in diagnosing neonates with sepsis. A systematic literature search was conducted using the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane, to identify eligible studies through the index words updated till November 2018. Cross-sectional studies, as well as prospective cohort studies, were included in the above-mentioned group of eligible studies. We also searched the literature sources that had a link to the present study, which were further assessed by heterogeneity through the use of a proper-effects model to calculate pooled weighted specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). We also conducted summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) analyses for neonatal sepsis. In the present meta-analysis, there were 31 studies exploring IL-6 for the diagnostic accuracy of neonatal sepsis. The global specificity and sensitivity of IL-6 for neonatal sepsis were as follows: 88% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 83%-92%) and 82% (95% CI: 77%-86%), respectively. The global positive and negative likelihood ratio of IL-6 in diagnosing neonatal sepsis were 7.03 (95% CI: 4.81-10.26) and 0.20 (95% CI: 0.15-0.26), respectively. The global DOR was 29.54 (95%CI: 18.56-47.04) of IL-6. In addition, the area under the SROC was high for IL-6 (AUC = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.89-0.94). In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy studies of IL-6 in diagnosing neonatal sepsis. Our results suggested that IL-6 is a valid and accurate index in diagnosing early neonatal sepsis, but it still needs to be combined with other laboratory tests and specific clinical manifestations.

A flexible quantile regression model for medical costs with application to Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Study.

Medical costs are often skewed to the right and heteroscedastic, having a sophisticated relation with covariates. Mean function regression models with low-dimensional covariates have been extensively considered in the literature. However, it is important to develop a robust alternative to find the underlying relationship between medical costs and high-dimensional covariates. In this paper, we propose a new quantile regression model to analyze medical costs. We also consider variable selection, using an adaptive lasso penalized variable selection method to identify significant factors of the covariates. Simulation studies are conducted to illustrate the performance of the estimation method. We apply our method to the analysis of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey dataset.

Revisiting the temperature-economic growth relationship using global subnational data.

Previous studies have used national data to demonstrate that higher annual temperatures negatively affect economic output and growth. Yet, annual temperatures and productivity can also vary greatly across space within countries. With this in mind, we revisit the relationship between temperature and economic growth using subnational short panel data for 10,597 grid cells across the terrestrial Earth. Our estimates from fitting a quadratic model to the data imply that cell-level economic growth in countries with below-median per-capita incomes is concave in temperature, with a maximum at about 16 °C. Our findings suggest that even with similar economic development within a country, climate vulnerability can vary at the regional level. Furthermore, as soon as we take into account the nonlinear relationship between temperatures and economic growth within countries, the impacts of temperature increases are found to be larger, compared to those that disregard such within-country heterogeneity.

Groundwater nitrate pollution and human health risk assessment by using HHRA model in an agricultural area, NE China.

In order to learn the pollution circumstance of groundwater nitrate detailedly in Songnen Plain of Northeast China and estimate its potential risk to human health of local residents, a total of 389 groundwater samples were collected in 2014 and studied from residential areas and public water supply wells in 11 cities and counties in southeastern of Songnen Plain. The analysis results showed that the spatial distributions of main chemical components in groundwater had great variations with statistical concentrations in the order of TDS> HCO3> Ca> NO3> Cl> Na> SO4> Mg> K> NH4> NO2. As for NO3, it ranged from less than 0.02mg/L to 497mg/L with an average value of 39.46mg/L indicating an obviously anthropogenic pollution. Even more than 32% of the samples exceeded the Grade III threshold (20mg/L of N) according to China's standard. The results obtained from principal component analysis showed that high NO3 concentration could be attributed to human activities, especially the excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture. Further, a human health risk assessment (HHRA) model derived from the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) was applied to estimate the potential health risk of groundwater nitrate considering both drinking water and dermal contact pathways. The results indicated that potential health risks of adult males and females within about 60% of the area were at the acceptable level, while those within about 40% were beyond the acceptable level. The area at the acceptable level for children covered 49% of the total area while the same value for infants was 37%. The NO3 concentration in southeast and northeast of the study area was the highest so that residents in these regions were at the highest health risk. In conclusion, risk levels for different crowds in the study area varied obviously, generally in the order of infants> children> adult females> adult males, and the potential health risks of residents, especially minors and rural residents, should cause enough attention both from the society and the academic community.

Forecasting carbon dioxide emissions.

This study extends the literature on forecasting carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by applying the reduced-form econometrics approach of Schmalensee et al. (1998) to a more recent sample period, the post-1997 period. Using the post-1997 period is motivated by the observation that the strengthening pace of global climate policy may have been accelerated since 1997. Based on our parameter estimates, we project 25% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050 according to an economic and population growth scenario that is more consistent with recent global trends. Our forecasts are conservative due to that we do not have sufficient data to fully take into account recent developments in the global economy.

Sufficient dimension reduction on the mean and rate functions of recurrent events.

The counting process with a Cox-type intensity function has been extensively applied to analyze recurrent event data, which assume that the underlying counting process is a time-transformed Poisson process and that the covariates have multiplicative or additive effects on the mean and rate functions of the counting process. The existing statistical inference, however, often encounters difficulties due to high-dimensional covariates, such as in gene expression and single nucleotide polymorphism data that have revolutionized our understanding of cancer recurrence and other diseases. In this paper, a technique of sufficient dimension reduction is applied to the mean and rate function for the number of occurrences of events over time. A two-step procedure is proposed to estimate the model components: first, a nonparametric estimator is proposed for the baseline, and then the basis of the central subspace and its dimension are estimated through a modified slicing inverse regression. On the basis of the estimated structural dimension and on the basis of the central subspace, we can estimate the regression function by using the local linear regression. A simulation is performed to confirm and assess the theoretical findings, and an application is demonstrated on a set of chronic granulomatous disease data.

A novel lncRNA GM15416 regulates osteoblast apoptosis and differentiation through the c-Fos/Fas axis and mitigates osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a common systemic bone disorder, and the programmed cell death of osteoblasts is closely linked to the development of osteoporosis. Previous studies have shown that c-fos can cause osteoblast apoptosis. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a pervasive role in regulating the biology of osteoblasts. Nevertheless, the precise role and mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in relation to c-Fos at the transcriptional level in osteoblast cell death remain uncertain. Compared with normal osteoblasts, serum deprivation resulted in significant upregulation of the transcription factor c-Fos and apoptosis-related Fas proteins in osteoblasts. In addition, the expression of lncRNA GM15416 related to c-Fos was significantly increased. The results showed that overexpression of c-Fos leads to an increase in downstream Fas protein, which subsequently leads to osteoblast apoptosis and hinders osteogenesis. On the contrary, a decrease in lncRNA GM15416 expression leads to a decrease in c-Fos/Fas expression, which hinders osteoblast apoptosis and promotes osteogenesis. Our results suggest that lncRNA GM15416 exerts inhibitory effects on osteoblast apoptosis and acts as a preventive factor against osteoporosis. As a result, GM15416 emerges as an important lncRNA associated with osteoporosis and holds potential as a future therapeutic target.

Exploring the safety profile of tremelimumab: an analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system.

BACKGROUND: Despite the approval of tremelimumab in 2022, there is a lack of pharmacovigilance studies investigating its safety profile in real-world settings using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. AIM: This pharmacovigilance study aimed to comprehensively explore the adverse events (AEs) associated with tremelimumab using data mining techniques on the FAERS database. METHOD: The study utilized data from the FAERS database, covering the period from the first quarter of 2004 to the third quarter of 2022. Disproportionality analysis, the Benjamini Hochberg adjustment method and volcano plots were used to identify and evaluate AE signals associated with tremelimumab. RESULTS: The study uncovered 233 AE cases associated with tremelimumab. Among these cases, pyrexia (n = 39), biliary tract infection (n = 23), and sepsis (n = 21) were the three main AEs associated with tremelimumab use. The study also investigated the system organ classes associated with tremelimumab-related AEs. The top three classes were gastrointestinal disorders (17.9%), infections and infestations (16.6%), and general disorders and administration site infections (11.2%). Several AEs were identified that were not listed on the drug label of tremelimumab. These AEs included pyrexia, biliary tract infection, sepsis, dyspnea, infusion site infection, hiccup, appendicitis, hypotension, dehydration, localised oedema, presyncope, superficial thrombophlebitis and thrombotic microangiopathy. CONCLUSION: This pharmacovigilance study identified several potential adverse events signals related to tremelimumab including some adverse events not listed on the drug label. However, further basic and clinical research studies are needed to validate these results.

A novel mechanism of Vildagliptin in regulating bone metabolism and mitigating osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis has become a global social problem with the tendency toward the aging population. The challenge in managing osteoporosis is to develop new anti-osteoporosis drugs that target bone anabolism. The purpose of this study was to uncover the novel mechanism of Vildagliptin on bone metabolism. We revealed that Vildagliptin significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation of precursor osteoblasts and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). At the same time, it significantly enhanced the polarization of RAW264.7 macrophages to the M2 type and the secretion of osteogenic factors BMP2 and TGF-ß1. This was confirmed by the increased osteogenic differentiation observed in the osteoblast-RAW264.7 co-culture system. Moreover, Vildagliptin significantly enhanced the transformation of BMSCs into the osteogenic morphology in the osteoblast-BMSC co-culture system. Finally, Vildagliptin also inhibited osteoclastic differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells. The potential mechanism underlying these effects involved targeting the GAS6/AXL/ERK5 pathway. In the in vivo study, Vildagliptin significantly alleviated postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice. These findings represent the first comprehensive revelation of the regulatory effect of Vildagliptin on bone metabolism. Specifically, Vildagliptin demonstrates the ability to promote bone anabolism and inhibit bone resorption by simultaneously targeting osteoblasts, BMSCs, and osteoclasts. The bone-protective effects of Vildagliptin were further confirmed in a postmenopausal osteoporosis model. The clinical significance of this study lies in laying a theoretical foundation for bone protection therapy in type-2 diabetes patients with compromised bone conditions or postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Case-control study and mRNA expression analysis reveal the MyD88 gene is associated with digestive disorders in rabbit.

As in humans, significant associations between Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and digestive disorders have been identified in rabbit and dog. However, as an essential adaptor downstream of TLR4, the genetic variation of myeloid differentiating factor 88 (MyD88) and its association with digestive disorders have remained unknown. In this study, we detected 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the entire genomic region of rabbit MyD88. The genetic variation in susceptibility to digestive disorders for the only coding SNP (synonymous c.699T>C) was studied in Yaan (183 cases and 142 controls) and Chengdu populations (145 cases and 140 controls). A case-control association study revealed that individuals with the C allele had significant protection against digestive disorders in the Yaan population (OR = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51-0.99; P < 0.05), the Chengdu population (OR = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.39-0.78; P < 0.01) and for joint analysis (OR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.49-0.79; P < 0.01). We also experimentally induced digestive disorders by feeding a fiber-deficient diet and found that increased susceptibility was significantly associated with higher MyD88 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). The lowest MyD88 mRNA expression was observed in individuals carrying the protective CC genotype. These results suggest that MyD88 is one of the most plausible candidate genes in relation to digestive disorders in rabbit. Further studies are required to explore the biological implications of MyD88 in the pathogenesis of digestive disorders.

[Application of cartilage in tympanoplasty].

Cartilage has undergone rapid development in ear surgery since Heermann used the grid cartilage technique to repair large perforations of the tympanic membrane. Cartilage has been widely used in tympanoplasty, ossicular chain reconstruction, reconstruction of the lateral wall of the upper tympanic cavity and the posterior wall of the external auditory canal due to its advantages of convenient sampling, high stability, good elasticity, low metabolic rate, easy survival and strong plasticity. This paper reviews the use of cartilage in tympanoplasty and discusses the possibility of placing cartilage on the stapes head for reconstruction of the auditory chain in type Ⅱ tympanoplasty.

CUI-Net: a correcting uneven illumination net for low-light image enhancement.

Uneven lighting conditions often occur during real-life photography, such as images taken at night that may have both low-light dark areas and high-light overexposed areas. Traditional algorithms for enhancing low-light areas also increase the brightness of overexposed areas, affecting the overall visual effect of the image. Therefore, it is important to achieve differentiated enhancement of low-light and high-light areas. In this paper, we propose a network called correcting uneven illumination network (CUI-Net) with sparse attention transformer and convolutional neural network (CNN) to better extract low-light features by constraining high-light features. Specifically, CUI-Net consists of two main modules: a low-light enhancement module and an auxiliary module. The enhancement module is a hybrid network that combines the advantages of CNN and Transformer network, which can alleviate uneven lighting problems and enhance local details better. The auxiliary module is used to converge the enhancement results of multiple enhancement modules during the training phase, so that only one enhancement module is needed during the testing phase to speed up inference. Furthermore, zero-shot learning is used in this paper to adapt to complex uneven lighting environments without requiring paired or unpaired training data. Finally, to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm, we tested it on multiple datasets of different types, and the algorithm showed stable performance, demonstrating its good robustness. Additionally, by applying this algorithm to practical visual tasks such as object detection, face detection, and semantic segmentation, and comparing it with other state-of-the-art low-light image enhancement algorithms, we have demonstrated its practicality and advantages.

Developmental expression of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the mouse cochlea.

The expression changes of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in the mouse cochlea have recently been implicated in noise-induced hearing loss, suggesting that HMGB1 participates in regulating cochlear function. However, the precise role of HMGB1 in the auditory system remains largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate its function in the developing mouse cochlea by examining the expression pattern of HMGB1 in the mouse cochlea from embryonic day (E) 18.5 to postnatal day (P) 28 using double immunofluorescence on frozen sections. Our findings revealed that HMGB1 was extensively expressed in the cell nucleus across various regions of the mouse cochlea, including the organ of Corti. Furthermore, its expression underwent developmental regulation during mouse cochlear development. Specifically, HMGB1 was found to be localized in the tympanic border cells at each developmental stage, coinciding with the gradual anatomical in this region during development. In addition, HMGB1 was expressed in the greater epithelial ridge (GER) and supporting cells of the organ of Corti, as validated by the supporting cell marker Sox2 at P1 and P8. However, at P14, the expression of HMGB1 disappeared from the GER, coinciding with the degeneration of the GER into the inner sulcus cells. Moreover, we observed that HMGB1 co-localized with Ki-67-positive proliferating cells in several cochlear regions during late embryonic and early postnatal stages, including the GER, the tympanic border cells, cochlear lateral wall, and cochlear nerves. Furthermore, by dual-staining Ki-67 with neuronal marker TUJ1 and glial marker Sox10, we determined the expression of Ki-67 in the neonatal glial cells. Our spatial-temporal analysis demonstrated that HMGB1 exhibited distinct expression patterns during mouse cochlear development. The co-localization of HMGB1 with Ki-67-positive proliferating cells suggested that HMGB1 may play a role in cochlear development.

[Cloning, expression and purification of fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase gene CpF2KP in papaya].

Papaya, which is mainly cultivated in the southeastern region of China, is one of the four famous fruits in Lingnan. It is favored by people because of its edible and medicinal value. Fructose-6-phosphate, 2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase (F2KP) is a unique bifunctional enzyme with a kinase domain and an esterase domain that catalyzes the synthesis and degradation of fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate (Fru-2, 6-P2), an important regulator of glucose metabolism in organisms. In order to study the function of the gene CpF2KP encoding the enzyme in papaya, it is particularly important to obtain the target protein. In this study, the coding sequence (CDS) of CpF2KP, with a full-length of 2 274 bp, was got from the papaya genome. The amplified sequence of full-length CDS was cloned into the vector PGEX-4T-1 which was double digested with EcoR I and BamH I. The amplified sequence was constructed into a prokaryotic expression vector by genetic recombination. After exploring the induction conditions, the results of SDS-PAGE showed that the size of the recombinant GST-CpF2KP protein was about 110 kDa. The optimum IPTG concentration and temperature for CpF2KP induction were 0.5 mmol/L and 28 ℃, respectively. The purified sin[A1] gle target protein was obtained after purifying the induced CpF2KP protein. In addition, the expression level of this gene was detected in different tissues, and showed that the gene was expressed at the highest level in seeds and the lowest in pulp. This study provides an important basis for further revealing the function of CpF2KP protein and studying the involved biological processes of this gene in papaya.

Genome-Wide Identification of the MPK Gene Family and Expression Analysis under Low-Temperature Stress in the Banana.

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs and MPKs) are important in the process of resisting plant stress. In this study, 21, 12, 18, 16, and 10 MPKs were identified from Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana, Musa itinerans, Musa schizocarpa, and Musa textilis, respectively. These MPKs were divided into Group A, B, C, and D. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that this difference in number was due to the gene shrinkage of the Group B subfamily of Musa balbisiana and Musa textilis. KEGG annotations revealed that K14512, which is involved in plant hormone signal transduction and the plant-pathogen interaction, was the most conserved pathway of the MPKs. The results of promoter cis-acting element prediction and focTR4 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4) transcriptome expression analysis preliminarily confirmed that MPKs were relevant to plant hormone and biotic stress, respectively. The expression of MPKs in Group A was significantly upregulated at 4 °C, and dramatically, the MPKs in the root were affected by low temperature. miR172, miR319, miR395, miR398, and miR399 may be the miRNAs that regulate MPKs during low-temperature stress, with miR172 being the most critical. miRNA prediction and qRT-PCR results indicated that miR172 may negatively regulate MPKs. Therefore, we deduced that MPKs might coordinate with miR172 to participate in the process of the resistance to low-temperature stress in the roots of the banana. This study will provide a theoretical basis for further analysis of the mechanism of MPKs under low-temperature stress of bananas, and this study could be applied to molecular breeding of bananas in the future.