Downregulation of miR-29b is associated with Peyronie's disease.

BACKGROUND: Peyronie's disease (PD) is characterized by the formation of fibrous plaque in tunica albuginea, causing several problems in patients. The etiology of this disease is not fully understood, and there are few effective treatments. To better understand the molecular pathways of PD, we studied miR-29b, a microRNA that could be involved with this illness. MicroRNAs are endogenous molecules that act by inhibiting messenger RNA. MiR-29b regulates 11 of 20 collagen genes and the TGF-ß1 gene, which are related to PD progression. METHODS: We compared miR-29b expression in 11 patients with PD and 14 patients without PD (control group). For the patients with PD, we utilized samples from the fibrous plaque (n = 9), from the tunica albuginea (n = 11), and from the corpus cavernosum (n = 8). For the control group, we utilized samples from the tunica albuginea (n = 14) and from the corpus cavernosum (n = 10). MiR-29b expression was determined by q-PCR. RESULTS: We found a downregulation of miR-29b in the fibrous plaque, tunica albuginea and corpus cavernosum of patients with PD in comparison with the control group (p = 0.0484, p = 0.0025, and p = 0.0016, respectively). CONCLUSION: Although our study has a small sample, we showed for the first time an evidence that the downregulation of miR-29b is associated with PD.

Shorter leukocyte telomere length is associated with severity of COVID-19 infection.

The infection by COVID-19 is a serious global public health problem. An efficient way to improve this disease's clinical management would be to characterize patients at higher risk of progressing to critically severe infection using prognostic biomarkers. The telomere length could be used for this purpose. Telomeres are responsible for controlling the number of maximum cell divisions. The telomere length is a biomarker of aging and several diseases. We aimed to compare leukocyte telomere length (LTL) between patients without COVID-19 and patients with different clinical severity of the infection. Were included 53 patients who underwent SARS-CoV-2 PCR divided in four groups. The first group was composed by patients with a negative diagnosis for COVID-19 (n = 12). The other three groups consisted of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 divided according to the severity of the disease: mild (n = 15), moderate (n = 17) and severe (n = 9). The LTL was determined by Q-PCR. The severe group had the shortest LTL, followed by the moderate group. The negative and mild groups showed no differences. There is an increase of patients with hypertension (p = 0.0099) and diabetes (p = 0.0067) in moderate and severe groups. Severe group was composed by older patients in comparison with the other three groups (p = 0.0083). Regarding sex, there was no significant difference between groups (p = 0.6279). In an ordinal regression model, only LTL and diabetes were significantly associated with disease severity. Shorter telomere length was significantly associated with the severity of COVID-19 infection, which can be useful as a biomarker or to better understand the SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology.

MiR-200c-3p expression may be associated with worsening of the clinical course of patients with COVID-19.

COVID-19 represents a public health emergency, whose mechanism of which is not fully understood. It is speculated that microRNAs may play a crucial role in host cells after infection by SARS-CoV-2. Thus, our study aimed to analyze the expression of miR-200c-3p in saliva samples from patients with COVID-19. One handred eleven samples from patients with COVID-19 were divided into 4 groups. Group I: 39 patients negative for Covid-19; Group II: 37 positive and symptomatic patients, with no indication of hospitalization; Group III: 21 patients with respiratory disorders (hospitalized); Group IV: 14 patients with severe conditions (oxygen therapy). The expression levels of miR-200c-3p were determined using qPCR. We found greater expression of miR-200c-3p in patients in group IV (p<0.0001), and also verified that patients aged ≥42 years had a higher expression of this miR (p=0.013). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the expression of miR-200c-3p and systemic arterial hypertension are factors independently associated with patients in group IV (p<0.0001). Our results suggest that miR-200c-3p is a predictor of severity independent of COVID-19 risk factors, which could represent a way of screening patients affected by SARS-CoV-2.