Clinical implications of congenital interruption of inferior vena cava.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Inferior vena cava (IVC) interruption is rare and can be detected through prenatal or postnatal imaging. It usually occurs in patients with heterotaxy syndrome with bilateral left-sidedness (left isomerism or polysplenia syndrome), indicating a laterality defect. However, its long-term outcomes remain unclear. METHODS: This retrospective study included a patient cohort with evidence of IVC interruption based on imagining data (1980-2019) selected from our institutional database. RESULTS: We included 34 (male/female = 14/20) patients with IVC interruption. Most of the patients had left isomerism of the bronchopulmonary situs (96.4%) and cardiac atrial situs (90.3%). Splenic anomalies, including polysplenia (35.7%), lobulated spleen (39.3%), inversus solitary spleen (10.7%), and asplenia (3.6%), were common. Normal cardiac structure was noted in four (11.8%) patients. Congenital heart disease (CHD) was noted in 30 patients: 7 with simple CHD and 23 with severe CHD. Bradycardia occurred in 47.1% of the patients and was not associated with CHD. Splenic variations were not associated with CHD or bradycardia. The survival rates for the 10-, 20-, and 40-year age groups were 0.880, 0.792, and 0.441, respectively; severe CHD was the only risk factor. CONCLUSION: IVC interruption can present as an isolated lesion and be associated with CHD. Although bradycardia was common among the patients, CHD severity was the only risk factor for survival. Patients with IVC interruption commonly have left isomerism at the atrial and bronchopulmonary situs, but the spectrum of splenic abnormalities is wide, including polysplenia, lobulated spleen, solitary inversus spleen, and, rarely, asplenia.

Bradycardia in frontotemporal dementia.

INTRODUCTION: Numerous regions of the brain, such as the medial frontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and amygdala, participate in the autonomic control of cardiovascular functions such as heart rate. The degenerative process in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) involves the listed anatomical structures and may therefore produce dysautonomic cardiovascular symptoms. AIM: To observe whether or not non-cardiogenic bradycardia was more frequent in a group of patients with FTD than in subjects with mild cognitive impairment or dementia of a different aetiology. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Once patients with primary cardiac arrhythmia were excluded, we registered the heart rates of 258 patients with cognitive symptoms (36 with FTD, 22 with Alzheimer disease, 23 with vascular dementia, 10 with other dementias, and 167 with non-dementia cognitive impairment). RESULTS: Bradycardia (<60 beats/minute) was significantly more frequent in patients with FTD. This difference remained significant after excluding subjects undergoing treatment with a potentially bradycardic effect. Bradycardia was more prevalent in behavioural FTD cases than in cases of the aphasic variant, and we detected a trend toward higher frequency among patients with more pronounced right hemisphere atrophy. Moreover, mean systolic blood pressure in FTD patients was lower than in other participants, and systolic hypotension (<120 and <100mm Hg) was more prevalent. CONCLUSION: Bradycardia was more frequent in the FTD sample than in other patients with cognitive symptoms. Further investigations will be necessary before we may consider bradycardia to be a sign supporting diagnosis of FTD or its behavioural variant.

Outcomes of a 24/7 service for urgent permanent pacemaker implantation.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Most of the complications associated with acute and symptomatic bradyarrhythmia (ASB) occur in the time from diagnosis to permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI). We aimed to evaluate the outcomes of an urgent 24/7 PPI service (PPI-24/7) for patients with ASB. METHODS: A total of 664 patients undergoing first-time PPI for ASB were prospectively assessed during 2 periods of identical length (18 months): 341 patients who underwent the procedure during working hours only (PPI-WH), and 323 patients who underwent the procedure after the implementation of the PPI-24/7 service. The primary safety endpoint was established as the cumulative 180-day incidence of complications related to the index arrhythmia and device implant. The primary efficacy endpoint was determined as the average number of hospital stays per patient. RESULTS: The PPI-24/7 period was associated with a significant shortening of the time from diagnosis to implantation (median [interquartile range]): 3hours [2-6] vs 16 [5-21]). The cumulative incidence of patients with complications at 180 days was lower in the PPI-24/7 period: 9% vs 17% (adjusted odds ratio, 0.5; P=.002), due to a significant reduction in preimplant complications: 2.5% vs 12% (P <.001). The average number of hospital stays was reduced by 2 per patient in the PPI-24/7 period (nonparametric P <.001). PPI-24/7 implants performed outside working hours (n=178) were safe, with a 180-day cumulative incidence in procedure-related complications of 3.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with ASB, PPI-24/7 was associated with a significant reduction in patient morbidity and efficient hospital resource use.

Clinical features of psittacosis in 46 Chinese patients.

BACKGROUND: Psittacosis is a relatively uncommon cause of community-acquired pneumonia, often leading to diagnostic difficulty. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical features of psittacosis patients in China. Forty-six cases of Chlamydophila psittaci infection with atypical pneumonia of varying severity in the last two years were described retrospectively. RESULTS: Fever, relative bradycardia, and other systemic upsets were the main clinical presentation. The most common radiographic abnormality was segmental or lobar shadowing or consolidation. The total white cell counts were usually normal or slightly increased. The concentration of creatine kinase, C reactive protein, and lactic dehydrogenase increased, while albumin decreased remarkably. These cases exhibited good recovery after being treated with tetracycline or quinolone antibiotics. CONCLUSION: These features may help differentiate psittacosis from other traditional bacterial pneumonia. However, they do not provide a definitive diagnosis. Psittacosis diagnosis must perform the whole-genome sequencing for Chlamydophila psittaci in respiratory, blood, or sputum specimens. Increased awareness of psittacosis can shorten diagnostic delays and improve patient outcomes.

Idioventricular rhythm and shock after a honeybee sting.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the case of a 19-year-old male presenting with bradycardia and hypotension after a honeybee sting making a review of the literature and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular and electrocardiogram (EKG) changes after a bee sting. METHODS: The patient's airway was inspected and secured. Electrocardiogram with an idioventricular rhythm at 41' bpm. Oxygen was administered, an intravenous access was established, and the transcutaneous pacemaker leads were placed on the chest of the patient, then published guidelines management was induced. RESULTS: The EKG showed idioventricular rhythm at a rate of 41 beats/min that resolved to a normal sinus rhythm after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: A full and prompt cardiovascular evaluation should be performed in all patients presenting to the emergency department after a bee sting, and published guidelines regarding the management of bradycardia and anaphylaxis should be followed to achieve successful outcomes.

OBJETIVO: Describir el caso de un paciente masculino de 19 años que presenta bradicardia e hipotensión después de una picadura de abeja haciendo una revisión de la literatura y fisiopatología de los cambios cardiovasculares y electrocardiográficos después de una picadura de abeja. MÉTODOS: Se inspeccionó y aseguró la vía aérea del paciente. Un rastreo de ECG realizado al ingreso reveló ritmo idioventricular a una ritmo de 41 latidos por minuto. Se administró oxígeno, se estableció un acceso IV y se colocaron los cables del marcapasos transcutáneo en el tórax del paciente, luego se indujo el manejo de las guías publicadas. RESULTADOS: El electrocardiograma mostró un ritmo idioventricular a una frecuencia de 41 latidos por minuto que se resolvió a un ritmo sinusal normal después del tratamiento. CONCLUSIONES: Se debe realizar una evaluación cardiovascular completa y rápida en todos los pacientes que se presentan al departamento de emergencias después de una picadura de abeja, y se deben seguir las pautas publicadas sobre el manejo de la bradicardia y la anafilaxia para lograr resultados exitosos.

A rare HCN4 variant with combined sinus bradycardia, left atrial dilatation, and hypertrabeculation/left ventricular noncompaction phenotype.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: HCN4 variants have been reported to cause combined sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy. This relationship has been proven in few cases and no previous patients have associated left atrial dilatation (LAD). Our objective was to study a familial disorder characterized by SSS, LAD, and hypertrabeculation/LVNC and to identify the underlying genetic and electrophysiological characteristics. METHODS: A family with SSS and LVNC underwent a clinical, genetic, and electrophysiological assessment. They were studied via electrocardiography, Holter recording, echocardiography, and exercise stress tests; cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was additionally performed in affected individuals. Genetic testing was undertaken with targeted next-generation sequencing, as well as a functional study of the candidate variant in Chinese hamster ovary cells. RESULTS: Twelve members of the family had sinus bradycardia, associated with complete criteria of LVNC in 4 members and hypertrabeculation in 6 others, as well as LAD in 9 members. A HCN4 c.1123C>T;(p.R375C) variant was present in heterozygosis in all affected patients and absent in unaffected individuals. Electrophysiological analyses showed that the amplitude and densities of the HCN4 currents (IHCN4) generated by mutant p.R375C HCN4 channels were significantly lower than those generated by wild-type channels. CONCLUSIONS: The combined phenotype of SSS, LAD, and LVNC is associated with the heritable HCN4 c.1123C>T;(p.R375C) variant. HCN4 variants should be included in the genetic diagnosis of LVNC cardiomyopathy and of patients with familial forms of SSS, as well as of individuals with sinus bradycardia and LAD.

Performance of the Micra cardiac pacemaker in nonagenarians.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The Micra transcatheter pacing system has shown high effectiveness and a lower complication rate than conventional transvenous pacemakers. However, the benefit of the device is unknown in the very old population (≥ 90 years). The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Micra in patients ≥ 90 years. METHODS: We present a prospective observational study with consecutive patients aged >70 years who underwent implantation of a Micra pacemaker system. Patients were divided into 2 groups: ≥ 90 and<90 years. RESULTS: The Micra system was implanted in 129 patients, of whom 41 were aged ≥ 90 years and 88<90 years. The device was successfully implanted in 40 (97.6%) patients ≥ 90 years and in 87 (98.9%) patients<90 years (P=.58). An adequate position was achieved with need for ≤ 2 repositions in 97.5% and 91.9% of patients, respectively (P=.32). Procedure time (26.1 ±11.6 vs 30.3 ±14.2minutes; P=.11) and fluoroscopy time (6.4 ±4.7 vs 7.2 ±4.9minutes; P=0.41) were similar in the 2 groups. There were 3 major complications (2.3%), all in the group aged<90 years: 1 cardiac perforation, 1 femoral hematoma, and 1 femoral pseudoaneurysm. Thirteen patients aged ≥ 90 years (31.7%) and 16 patients aged <90 years (18.2%) died during a mean follow-up of 230±233 days and 394±285 days, respectively. There were no device-related deaths. No infection, dislocation or migration of Micra were observed. The electrical performance was optimal at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The Micra leadless pacing system seems to be safe and effective in patients older than 90 years. It may be considered a reasonable alternative to conventional transvenous pacing in this population.

[Severe bradycardia and asystole associated with sugammadex: case report]. / Bradicardia grave e assistolia associadas ao sugamadex: relato de caso.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sugamadex is a modified gamma-cyclodextrin, the first selective agent for reversal of neuromuscular blockade induced by steroidal non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, with greater affinity for rocuronium. In this article we present a case of severe bradycardia and asystole following sugammadex administration. CASE REPORT: A 54-year-old male patient, ASA II, with a history of hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity, who underwent an emergency umbilical herniorrhaphy under balanced general anesthesia. Intraoperative muscle relaxation was maintained with rocuronium. At the end of the surgery, the patient maintained a neuromuscular block with two TOF responses, and sugammadex (200mg) was administered. About thirty seconds after its administration, the patient developed marked bradycardia (HR 30 bpm) followed by asystole. CONCLUSIONS: Documented bradycardia and asystole were attributed to the administration of sugammadex. This case shows that, although rare, cardiac arrest is a possible adverse effect of this drug, and that the knowledge of this situation can be determinant for the patient's evolution.

Atropine does not prevent hypoxemia and bradycardia in tracheal intubation in the pediatric emergency department: observational study / O uso da atropina não previne hipoxemia e bradicardia na intubação traqueal no departamento de emergência pediátrica: estudo observacional

ABSTRACT Objective: The benefit of atropine in pediatric tracheal intubation is not well established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of atropine on the incidence of hypoxemia and bradycardia during tracheal intubations in the pediatric emergency department. Methods: This is a single-center observational study in a tertiary pediatric emergency department. Data were collected on all tracheal intubations in patients from 31 days to incomplete 20 years old, performed between January 2016 and September 2020. Procedures were divided into two groups according to the use or not of atropine as a premedication during intubation. Records with missing data, patients with cardiorespiratory arrest, cyanotic congenital heart diseases, and those with chronic lung diseases with baseline hypoxemia were excluded. The primary outcome was hypoxemia (peripheral oxygen saturation ≤88%), while the secondary outcomes were bradycardia (decrease in heart rate >20% between the maximum and minimum values) and critical bradycardia (heart rate <60 bpm) during intubation procedure. Results: A total of 151 tracheal intubations were identified during the study period, of which 126 were eligible. Of those, 77% had complex, chronic underlying diseases. Atropine was administered to 43 (34.1%) patients and was associated with greater odds of hypoxemia in univariable analysis (OR: 2.62; 95%CI 1.15-6.16; p=0.027) but not in multivariable analysis (OR: 2.07; 95%CI 0.42-10.32; p=0.37). Critical bradycardia occurred in only three patients, being two in the atropine group (p=0.26). Bradycardia was analyzed in only 42 procedures. Atropine use was associated with higher odds of bradycardia in multivariable analysis (OR: 11.00; 95%CI 1.3-92.8; p=0.028). Conclusions: Atropine as a premedication in tracheal intubation did not prevent the occurrence of hypoxemia or bradycardia during intubation procedures in pediatric emergency.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da atropina na incidência de hipoxemia e bradicardia durante a intubação orotraqueal no departamento de emergência pediátrica. Métodos: Estudo observacional, realizado em departamento de emergência pediátrica terciário em que foram analisados os registros de intubações orotraqueais de pacientes com 31 dias a 20 anos incompletos, entre janeiro de 2016 e setembro de 2020. Os procedimentos foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o uso ou não da atropina como pré-medicação durante a intubação. Foram excluídos os procedimentos com falhas no preenchimento dos dados, pacientes com parada cardiorrespiratória, cardiopatias congênitas cianóticas, e aqueles com pneumopatias crônicas com hipoxemia basal. O desfecho primário foi hipoxemia (saturação periférica de oxigênio ≤88%), enquanto os desfechos secundários foram bradicardia (queda >20% entre a frequência cardíaca máxima e mínima) e bradicardia crítica (frequência cardíaca <60 bpm) durante o procedimento de intubação Resultados: Foram identificados 151 procedimentos de intubação orotraqueal, sendo 126 elegíveis para o estudo. Desses, 77% tinham doenças subjacentes complexas e crônicas. A atropina foi administrada em 43 (34,1%) pacientes e foi associada a maiores chances de hipoxemia na análise univariada (OR: 2,62; IC95% 1,15-6,16; p=0,027), porém, não na análise multivariada (OR: 2,073; IC95% 0,416-10,32; p=0,373). A bradicardia crítica ocorreu em apenas três pacientes, sendo dois no grupo atropina (p=0,268). A bradicardia foi analisada em apenas 42 procedimentos. O uso de atropina foi associado a maior probabilidade de bradicardia (OR: 11,00; IC95% 1,3-92,8; p=0,028) na análise multivariável. Conclusões: Atropina como pré-medicação na intubação orotraqueal não evitou a ocorrência de hipoxemia ou bradicardia durante os procedimentos de intubação na emergência pediátrica.

Síndrome de QT largo congénito y bradicardia fetal: la importancia del diagnóstico / Congenital long QT syndrome and fetal bradycardia: the importance of the diagnosis

Antecedentes: El síndrome de QT largo es una canalopatía que afecta a la repolarización ventricular y aumenta el riesgo de sufrir arritmias ventriculares graves. Puede ser congénito o adquirido, y es una causa conocida de muerte súbita. Caso clínico: Gestante primigesta, de 28 años, sin antecedentes de interés. En ecografías prenatales se objetivó en el feto bradicardia sinusal mantenida desde la semana 28, sin repercusión hemodinámica, que persistió hasta la finalización de la gestación (semana 37+3). Al nacimiento se realizaron electrocardiogramas seriados que mostraron alteraciones en la repolarización con alargamiento del intervalo QT corregido. Se realizó estudio genético que confirmó síndrome de QT largo tipo 1 y se inició tratamiento oral con beta-bloqueantes, con buena respuesta. Conclusiones: El síndrome de QT largo suele diagnosticarse posnatalmente. Es importante conocer sus características clínicas prenatales para poder establecer un diagnóstico precoz y minimizar así el riesgo de muerte súbita de estos pacientes.

Background: Long QT syndrome is a channelopathy that affects ventricular repolarization and increases the risk of severe ventricular arrhythmias. It can be congenital or acquired, and is a known cause of sudden cardiac death. Case report: A 28-year-old primigravida with no significant medical history. Prenatal ultrasounds revealed sustained fetal sinus bradycardia from week 28, without hemodynamic repercussion, which persisted until the end of gestation (at 37+3 weeks). Serial electrocardiograms were performed after birth, showing repolarization abnormalities with prolonged corrected QT interval. A genetic study confirmed long QT syndrome type 1, and oral treatment with beta-blockers was initiated, showing a positive response. Conclusions: Long QT syndrome is often diagnosed postnatally. It is important to be aware of his prenatal clinical features in order to establish an early diagnosis and minimize the risk of sudden death in these patients.

Servicio de indicación farmacéutica a pacientes tratados con medicamentos de estrecho margen terapéutico / Minor ailment service for patients treated with narrow therapeutic index drug

Se estudian los casos de dos pacientes que demandan nuestro servicio de indicación farmacéutica porque presentan sintomatología digestiva inespecífica. Ambos están siendo tratados con fármacos de estrecho margen terapéutico (carbonato de litio y digoxina, respectivamente). Durante la indicación, el análisis de la medicación revela la posibilidad de que la clínica que ambos manifiestan guarde relación con estos tratamientos en distinta medida: en el caso del carbonato de litio, por tratarse de una reacción adversa frecuente en tratamientos prolongados, y en el de la digoxina, porque la sintomatología va acompañada de bradicardia. En consecuencia, se proponen dos intervenciones, siendo una de ellas la derivación urgente al médico de atención primaria. El análisis de los tratamientos farmacológicos crónicos prescritos a los pacientes, especialmente aquellos de estrecho margen terapéutico, durante el proceso de indicación, es un punto clave para discriminar entre clínica debida exclusivamente a síntomas menores y otras situaciones que pueden incluso comprometer la vida. (AU)

Health care cost analysis of enhanced pacing modalities in bradycardia patients: Portuguese case study on the results of the MINERVA trial.

INTRODUCTION: The MINERVA trial established that atrial preventive pacing and atrial antitachycardia pacing (DDDRP) in combination with managed ventricular pacing (MVP) reduces progression to permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with paroxysmal or persistent AF and bradycardia who need cardiac pacing, compared to standard dual-chamber pacing (DDDR). It was shown that AF-related health care utilization was significantly lower in the DDDRP + MVP group than in the control group. Cost analysis demonstrated significant savings related to this new algorithm, based on health care costs from the USA, Italy, Spain and the UK. OBJECTIVE: To calculate the savings associated with reduced health care utilization due to enhanced pacing modalities in the Portuguese setting. METHODS: The impact on costs was estimated based on tariffs for AF-related hospitalizations and costs for emergency department and outpatient visits in Portugal. RESULTS: The MINERVA trial showed a 42% reduction in AF-related health care utilization thanks to the new algorithm. In Portugal, this represents a potential cost saving of 2323 euros per 100 patients in the first year and 17118 euros over a 10-year period. Considering the number of patients who could benefit from this new algorithm, Portugal could save a total of 75369 euros per year and 555410 euros over 10 years. Additional savings could accrue if heart failure and stroke hospitalizations were considered. CONCLUSION: The combination of atrial preventive pacing, atrial antitachycardia pacing and an algorithm to minimize the detrimental effect of right ventricular pacing reduces recurrent and permanent AF. The new DDDRP + MVP pacing mode could contribute to significant costs savings in the Portuguese health care setting.

Caracterización del dengue con bradicardia en adolescentes

Introducción: El dengue es una enfermedad infecto contagiosa de variada intensidad, oriunda de climas tropicales como los que predominan en la región de las Américas. Es trasmitida por el mosquito Aedes aegypti y afecta a la población pediátrica. Su espectro clínico incluye alteraciones de la conducción cardíaca y de bradicardia. Objetivo: Caracterizar el dengue con bradicardia en adolescente. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo en el Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Universitario Dr. Eduardo Agramonte Piña de la provincia Camagüey en el periodo comprendido desde enero a diciembre de 2021. El universo quedó conformado por 28 pacientes con diagnóstico de dengue que presentaron bradicardia. Los datos se recogieron en un formulario y se procesaron en una base de datos creada con SPSS versión 22. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron predominio de los pacientes del sexo masculino, del municipio Camagüey, entre los síntomas iniciales más frecuentes fue el dengue sin signos de alarma, el inicio de la bradicardia es durante la hospitalización, la bradicardia sinusal se presenta en todos los pacientes, en la mayoría de los casos la duración es en la etapa de recuperación. Conclusiones: Entre los síntomas encontrados predominaron los pacientes que no presentaron signos de alarma de dengue, la aparición de estos signos se asoció con bradicardia sinusal en la etapa de recuperación.

Introduction: Dengue is a contagious infectious disease of varying intensity that originates from tropical climates such as those that predominate in the region of the Americas. It is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito and affect the pediatric population. Its clinical spectrum includes alterations in cardiac conduction and bradycardia. Objective: To characterize dengue with bradycardia in adolescents. Methods: A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective observational study was carried out at the Dr. Eduardo Agramonte Piña University Provincial Pediatric Hospital in Camagüey province in the period from January to December 2021.The universe was made up of 28 patients diagnosed with dengue who presented bradycardia. The data was collected in a from and processed in a database created with SPSS version 22. Results: The results grouped in the form of tables, showed a predominance of male patients, from the municipality of Camagüey, among the most frequent initial symptoms is dengue without warning signs, the onset of bradycardia is during hospitalization, it occurs in all patients, in most cases the duration is in the recovery stage. Conclusions: Among the symptoms found, patients who did not present dengue alarm signs was associated with sinus bradycardia during recovery.

Síndrome HELLP y rotura hepática en un embarazo gemelar: presentación de un caso / HeLLP Syndrome and Hepatic Rupture in a Twin Pregnancy: A Case Report / Síndrome HeLLP e ruptura hepática em gestação gemelar: relato de caso

Introducción: el síndrome HELLP y rotura hepática es una complicación poco frecuente, especialmente en casos de embarazo gemelar. Se presenta el caso de un hematoma subcapsular hepático roto por síndrome HELLP que complicó un embarazo gemelar que requirió una cesárea de emergencia y para el manejo de la hipovolemia, el empaquetamiento hepático. Presentación del caso: mujer de 41 años, con gestación gemelar de 35 semanas, quien acudió al servicio de emergencia, por contracciones uterinas y ausencia de movimientos fetales. Ante una bradicardia severa de ambos fetos, se optó por una cesárea de urgencia. Al abrir la cavidad abdominal, se encontró hemoperitoneo y se logró extraer ambos fetos vivos. Se realizó una laparotomía media, supra e infraumbilical exploradora (poscesárea) y se halló una rotura hepática del lóbulo derecho. Se procedió a un empaquetamiento hepático con compresas y cierre temporal abdominal; entre tanto, el manejo del shock hipovolémico y la preeclampsia se continuó en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. La paciente se fue de alta en buenas condiciones a los 21 días. Conclusión: el síndrome HELLP produce complicaciones graves, como rotura hepática, que si no es tratada de forma correcta, temprana y multidisciplinaria, puede llevar a producir mortalidad materno-perinatal.

Introduction: HELLP syndrome and hepatic rupture are rare complications, especially in the case of twin pregnancy. Here, we present a case of ruptured hepatic subcapsular hematoma due to HELLP syndrome that caused complication in a twin pregnancy. This case required emergency Cesarean section and management of hypo- volemia hepatic packing. Case presentation: A 41-year-old female pregnant with twins (35 weeks) came to the emergency room for uterine contractions and absence of fetal movements. Due to severe bradycardia in both fetuses, emergency Cesarean section was performed. When the abdominal cavity was opened, hemoperitoneum was found, and both fetuses were extracted alive. A median, supra-, and infraumbilical exploratory laparotomy (post Cesarean section) was performed, and right lobe hepatic rupture was found. Subsequently, hepatic packing with compression and temporary abdominal closure was performed. Hypovolemic shock and preeclampsia was continuously managed in the intensive care unit. At 21 days, the patient was discharged in good condition. Conclusion: HELLP syndrome causes serious complications, such as hepatic rupture, which may lead to maternal and perinatal mortality if not correctly treated early in a multidisciplinary manner.

Introdução: a síndrome HELLP e a ruptura hepática são complicações raras, especialmente em casos de gravidez gemelar. Neste artigo, apresentamos o caso de um hematoma subcapsular hepático rompido devido à síndrome HELLP que complicou uma gravidez gemelar que exigiu uma cesariana de emergência e tamponamento hepático para o manejo da hipovolemia. Apresentação do caso: mulher, 41 anos, gestação gemelar de 35 semanas, recorre ao pronto-socorro por contrações uterinas e ausência de movimentos fetais. Devido à bradicardia grave em ambos os fetos, foi decidida uma cesariana de emergência. Ao abrir a cavidade abdominal o hemoperitônio é localizado, sendo possível extrair ambos os fetos vivos. Foi realizada laparotomia exploradora mediana, supra e infraumbilical (pós-cesariana) sendo constatada ruptura hepática do lobo direito. Foi realizado tamponamento hepático com compressas e fechamento abdominal temporário, e o manejo do choque hipovolêmico e da pré-eclâmpsia foi mantido na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, onde a paciente recebeu alta em boas condições após 21 dias. Conclusão: a síndrome HELLP produz complicações graves como a ruptura hepática que, se não tratada de forma precoce e multidisciplinar, pode levar à mortalidade materna perinatal.

Development of educational technology for transcutaneous pacemaker management in older adults undergoing mobile pre-hospital assistance / Desarrollo de una tecnología educativa para el manejo de marcapasos transcutáneos en ancianos en el servicio de móvil de atención prehospitalaria / Desenvolvimento de tecnologia educacional para manejo do marca-passo transcutâneo em idosos no atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop educational technology for nurses on transcutaneous pacemaker management in older adults undergoing mobile pre-hospital assistance. Method: a methodological study developed with the Advanced Support Units of the Mobile Urgency Care Service of the 2nd Metropolitan Health Region of Paraná, Brazil, in three phases: 1) Pre-production - preparation of the video script; 2) Production - script validation by expert judges, storyboard development, voiceover recording and selection of images; and 3) Post-production - evaluation of the video by expert judges and diffusion. 51 specialist judge nurses took part in validation of the script; and 47 of them assessed the video. The data were collected between April and May 2022 using instruments with a Likert scale, via Google Forms. Descriptive statistics was applied for data analysis and a Content Validity Index of at least 0.78 was considered. Results: the judges suggested less technical language, inclusion of a scene and a correction referring to the positioning of the transcutaneous pacemaker adhesive pads. A 2D video lasting 8 minutes and 30 seconds was produced, which addressed actions and care measures in managing pacemakers in older adults. The following items were considered adequate: language, images, voiceover, duration, guidelines proposed and memorization of the messages (CVI=1.0). Conclusion: the educational technology developed was considered validated for nurses regarding the transcutaneous pacemaker management in older adults. The educational video can support decision-making in favor of patient and team safety and treatment efficacy, in order to qualify the assistance provided.

RESUMEN Objetivo: desarrollar una tecnología educativa para enfermeros sobre el manejo de marcapasos transcutáneos en ancianos, en el Servicio Móvil de Atención Prehospitalaria. Método: estudio metodológico desarrollado con las Unidades de Soporte Avanzado pertenecientes al Servicio Móvil de Atención de Urgencias de la 2º Región de Salud Metropolitana de Paraná, Brasil, en tres fases: 1) Pre-producción - elaboración del guión del video; 2) Producción - validación del guión a cargo jueces especialistas, elaboración del storyboard, grabación de las narraciones y selección de las imágenes; y 3) Post-producción - evaluación del video a cargo de jueces especialistas y divulgación del video. Los participantes del proceso de validación del guión fueron 51 jueces especialistas y enfermeros de profesión; y 47 de ellos evaluaron el video. Los datos se recolectaron entre abril y mayo de 2022 por medio de instrumentos con una escala de Likert, a través de Formularios Google. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva para el análisis de los datos y se consideró un Índice de Validez de Contenido de al menos 0,78. Resultados: los jueces sugirieron lenguaje menos técnico, incluir una escena y correcciones referentes a la ubicación de los parches adhesivos del marcapasos transcutáneo. El video se produjo en 2D y duró 8 minutos con 30 segundos, analizando acciones y precauciones en el manejo de marcapasos en ancianos. Los siguientes elementos se consideraron adecuados: lenguaje, imágenes, narración, duración, pautas de orientación propuestas y memorización de los mensajes (IVC=1,0). Conclusión: la tecnología educativa que se desarrolló fue considerada validada para enfermeros en relación con el manejo de marcapasos transcutáneos en ancianos. El video educativo puede asistir en el proceso de toma de decisiones en pos de la seguridad del paciente y del equipo de atención, al igual que para la eficacia del tratamiento, a fin de calificar la asistencia provista.

RESUMO Objetivo: desenvolver tecnologia educacional para enfermeiros sobre manejo do marca-passo transcutâneo em idosos, em atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel. Método: estudo metodológico, desenvolvido junto às Unidades de Suporte Avançado do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência da 2º Regional de Saúde Metropolitana do Paraná, Brasil, em três fases: 1) pré-produção - elaboração do roteiro do vídeo; 2) produção - validação do roteiro por juízes especialistas, elaboração do storyboard, gravação das narrações e seleção de imagens; 3) pós-produção - avaliação do vídeo por juízes especialistas e divulgação do vídeo. Participaram da validação do roteiro 51 enfermeiros juízes especialistas; e 47 deles avaliaram o vídeo. Coletaram-se os dados entre abril e maio de 2022, por meio de instrumentos, com escala de Likert, via Google Formulários. Aplicou-se estatística descritiva para análise dos dados e considerou-se Índice de Validade de Conteúdo de pelo menos 0,78. Resultados: os juízes sugeriram linguagem menos técnica, inclusão de cena e correção referente ao posicionamento das pás adesivas do marca-passo transcutâneo. Produziu-se vídeo em 2D de 8 minutos e 30 segundos, que abordou ações e cuidados no manejo do marca-passo em idosos. Consideraram-se adequados os quesitos: linguagem, imagens, narração, tempo de duração, orientações propostas e memorizações das mensagens (IVC =1,0). Conclusão: a tecnologia educacional desenvolvida foi considerada validada para enfermeiros quanto ao manejo do marca-passo transcutâneo em idosos. O vídeo educacional pode subsidiar a tomada de decisões em prol da segurança do paciente, da equipe e da eficácia no tratamento, de modo a qualificar a assistência.

Arritmias en pacientes con miopatía miotubular ligada al cromosoma X / Arrhythmias in patients with X-linked myotubular myopathy

Introducción: La miopatía miotubular es una enfermedad muscular congénita causada por una mutación en el gen de la miotubularina (MTM1). La miopatía miotubular ligada al cromosoma X (XLMTM) afecta a los hombres con síntomas de aparición temprana como debilidad muscular, hipotonía y dificultad respiratoria. Hasta donde sabemos, la afectación cardíaca en estos pacientes no se ha descrito previamente, a diferencia de otros tipos de miopatías congénitas, como la miopatía nemalínica o la miopatía con cores. Casos clínicos: Presentamos dos casos clínicos de XLMTM que comenzaron con bradicardia sinusal grave o bloqueo auriculoventricular desde los primeros días de vida, con Holter patológico en ambos casos. Se descartó una afectación cardíaca primaria por estudios electrofisiológicos y se recuperó la frecuencia cardíaca normal con soporte respiratorio adecuado. Conclusión: Estos casos con bradicardia grave en una patología bien conocida, como la XLMTM, suponen un matiz en el diagnóstico diferencial habitual de las miopatías congénitas.(AU)

Introduction: Myotubular myopathy is a congenital muscle disease caused by a mutation in the myotubularin (MTM1) gene. The X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) affects males with early-onset symptoms such as muscle weakness, hypotonia, and respiratory distress. To our knowledge, cardiac involvement has not been previously described in this condition, in contrast to other types of congenital myopathies such as nemaline myopathy or core myopathy. Case reports: We report two clinical cases of XLMTM that started with severe sinus bradycardia or auriculoventricular block from the first days of life, with pathologic 24-hours Holter monitoring in both cases. A primary cardiac affection was excluded by electrophysiological studies and normal heart rate was recovered with proper respiratory support. Discussion: These cases with sever bradyarrhythmia in a well know pathology such the XLMTM represents a nuance on the usual differential diagnostics of congenital myopathies.(AU)

Heart rate assessment after the first dose of Fingolimod / Avaliação da frequência cardíaca após a primeira dose de Fingolimode

To evaluate the cardiovascular function of patients who received the first dose of Fingolimod in a health center in the state of Rio Grande do Sul ­ Brazil. Methods: A retrospective database study, gathering clinical data and patients' electrocardiograms who received the first dose of Fingolimod 0.5mg at Centro de Diagnóstico Cardiológico from May 2013 to October 2020. Results: From 83 patients evaluated 64 (77.1%) were women. The average age of participants was 36.97 (±11.21) years old. Out of the 22 (26.5%) symptomatic patients, drowsiness was the most common symptom. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.0001) in the heart rate that occurred early from the first hour after taking the medicine and went on to the fifth hour. Regarding systolic blood pressure, there was a difference (p <0.0001) between the measurement before taking the drug and the measurement six hours later. However, there was no difference in systolic pressure every hour between the second hour after drug administration. The same that happened to systolic blood pressure occurred to diastolic blood pressure. There was no statistical correlation between the age group and the analyzed variables. Conclusions: The clinical, hemodynamic, and electrocardiographic changes verified in the study sample were mild and resolved within 6 hours after the dose, which allows the use of this drug to treat MS safely in the analyzed group.

Objetivo: Avaliar a função cardiovascular de pacientes que receberam a primeira dose de Fingolimode em um centro de saúde do estado do Rio Grande do Sul ­ Brasil. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de banco de dados, reunindo dados clínicos e eletrocardiogramas de pacientes que receberam a primeira dose de Fingolimode 0,5mg no Centro de Diagnóstico Cardiológico de maio de 2013 a outubro de 2020. Resultados: Dos 83 pacientes avaliados, 64 (77,1%) eram mulheres. A média de idade dos participantes foi de 36,97 (±11,21) anos. Dos 22 (26,5%) pacientes sintomáticos, a sonolência foi o sintoma mais comum. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p<0,0001) na frequência cardíaca que ocorreu desde a primeira hora após a administração do medicamento até a quinta hora. Em relação à pressão arterial sistólica, houve diferença (p<0,0001) entre a medida antes de tomar o medicamento e a medida seis horas depois. No entanto, não houve diferença na pressão sistólica a cada hora entre a segunda hora após a administração do medicamento. O mesmo que aconteceu com a pressão arterial sistólica ocorreu com a pressão arterial diastólica. Não houve correlação estatística entre a faixa etária e as variáveis Analisadas. Conclusões: As alterações clínicas, hemodinâmicas e eletrocardiográficas verificadas na amostra estudada foram leves e se resolveram em até 6 horas após a dose, o que permite o uso desse medicamento para o tratamento da SM com segurança no grupo analisado.

Alteraciones electrocardiográficas en pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 / Electrocardiographic alterations in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Resumen: Introducción: Como consecuencia del daño directo provocado por el virus SARS-CoV-2 sobre el corazón se producen alteraciones electrocardiográficas. Objetivo: Determinar si existe relación entre las alteraciones electrocardiográficas intrahospitalarias, con los antecedentes cardiovasculares y su evolución hospitalaria. Materiales y método: Estudio de cohortes, prospectivo, analítico, en 373 pacientes con el diagnóstico positivo de enfermedad por el nuevo coronavirus 2019 que ingresaron en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Docente "Comandante Manuel Fajardo" (La Habana, Cuba) entre marzo del 2020 y octubre del mismo año. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue de 69 (RIC 57-77); el 14.2% de los pacientes presentó fibrilación auricular, el 8,3% bloqueo de rama derecha y el 4.8% alteraciones del segmento ST. La edad, los antecedentes de cardiopatía isquémica y la diabetes mellitus se identificaron como variables predictoras independientes de alteraciones electrocardiográficas (RR 1.02; IC 95%: 1.01-1.04; p = 0.007; 2.21; IC 95%: 1.19-4.10, p = 0.012 y RR 1.71; IC 95%: 1.04-2.85, p = 0.036, respectivamente). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de alteraciones electrocardiográficas en pacientes hospitalizados con el nuevo coronavirus fue mayor comparada con otras series. Los antecedentes de cardiopatía isquémica y diabetes mellitus, además de la edad, se identificaron como variables predictoras independientes de alteraciones electrocardiográficas en pacientes con afección grave por la enfermedad del nuevo coronavirus 2019.

Abstract: Introduction: As a consequence of the direct damage caused by the virus on the heart, electrocardiographic alterations occur. Objective: To determine if there is a relationship between in-hospital electrocardiographic alterations with cardiovascular history and hospital evolution. Materials and method: Analytical prospective cohort study in 373 patients with a positive diagnosis of disease due to the new coronavirus 2019 who were admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the "Comandante Manuel Fajardo" Universitary Hospital (Havana, Cuba) between March 2020 and October of the same year. Results: The median age was 69 (IQR; 57-77), 14.2% of patients had atrial fibrillation, 8.3% right bundle branch block, and 4.8% ST-segment abnormalities. Age, history of ischemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus were identified as independent predictor variables of electrocardiographic abnormalities (RR 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04, p = 0.007; RR 2.21; 95% CI: 1.19-4.10, p = 0.012 and RR 1.71 95% CI: 1.04-2.85, p = 0.036, respectively). Conclusions: The prevalence of electrocardiographic abnormalities in hospitalized patients with the new coronavirus was higher compared to other series. History of ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus, in addition to age, were identified as independent predictors of electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients severely affected by the new coronavirus disease 2019.

[Hypotension and bradycardia before spinal anesthesia]. / Hipotensão e bradicardia antes da raquianestesia.

I report a case of hypotension and bradycardia before spinal anesthesia in a pregnant woman with mild to moderate hypertension treated with nifedipine and methyldopa, scheduled for an elective cesarean delivery. She had the history of neurally-mediated syncopes. Two main factors (increased vagal tone and adverse effects of antihypertensive drugs) could explain the hypotension and bradycardia before spinal anesthesia. Monitoring allowed recognizing the problem and corrected it. Thus, it was avoided a disaster in anesthesia, as hemodynamic changes after spinal anesthesia, they would have joined to previous hypotension and bradycardia, which would have caused even a cardiac arrest.

Estimulación cardíaca temporal de larga duración con cable activo y marcapaso permanente externo / Long-term temporary cardiac pacing with active lead and external permanent pacemaker

INTRODUCCIÓN. La estimulación cardíaca temporal de larga duración con cable activo y marcapaso permanente externo es una técnica recientemente incluida en las guías de manejo de bradicardias sintomáticas. CASOS CLÍNICOS. Se describen 4 casos de pacientes sometidos a estimulación cardíaca temporal de larga duración con cable activo y marcapaso permanente externo de la unidad de Hemodinámica del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, con indicaciones diversas. DISCUSIÓN. El tiempo medio de permanencia con el cable activo y el marcapaso externalizado fue 23 días. No hubo complicaciones del procedimiento. Un paciente falleció por causas no relacionadas con la estimulación y 2 se recuperaron en sus domicilios. CONCLUSIÓN. La técnica de estimulación temporal utilizando marcapasos permanentes recuperados se muestra extremadamente útil para mantener un marcapaso cardíaco seguro, incluso ambulatorio y por largo tiempo, hasta el implante de dispositivos definitivos. Su limitación es la factibilidad de hacerlo solo en centros de tercer nivel.

INTRODUCTION. Long-duration temporary cardiac pacing with active lead and permanent external pacemaker is a technique recently included in the guidelines for the management of symptomatic bradycardias. CLINICAL CASES. We describe 4 cases of patients who underwent long-duration temporary cardiac pacing with active lead and external permanent pacemaker at the Hemodynamics Unit of the Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, with different indications. DISCUSSION. The mean length of stay with the active lead and externalized pacemaker was 23 days. There were no procedural complications. One patient died of causes unrelated to pacing and 2 recovered at home. CONCLUSIONS. The technique of temporary pacing using retrieved permanent pacemakers is extremely useful for maintaining safe cardiac pacing, even on an outpatient basis and for a long period of time, until implantation of definitive devices. Its limitation is the feasibility of doing it only in third level centers.