Global association of secondhand smoke exposure locations and smoking behaviour among adolescents in 99 countries.

AIM: This study classified 99 countries into four income groups and then analysed the impact of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure at home, in public places and at school, on current cigarette smoking prevalence. METHODS: We utilised data from the WHO Global Youth Tobacco Survey and a meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and weighted odds ratios (wORs) of adolescent smoking behaviour and SHS exposure locations. RESULTS: Both smoking behaviours increased with higher national income levels. Smoking behaviours in high and upper-middle-income countries (HICs and UMICs) exhibited an association with SHS exposure in public places (HIC: wOR, 3.50 [95% CI, 2.85-4.31]; UMIC: wOR, 2.90 [2.60-3.23]) compared to home. Low- and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and LMICs) showed an association with SHS exposure in the home (LIC: wOR, 5.33 [3.59-7.93]; LMIC: wOR, 2.71 [2.33-3.17]) than public places. The association between current cigarette smoking and SHS exposure at home increased with lower income levels, while anticipated future use of any form of tobacco with SHS exposure in public places rose in lower income countries. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted interventions based on income levels are essential, emphasising home strategies in lower income countries and public place efforts in higher income countries.

[Global study on tobacco use among youth 13-15 years old in the Russian Federation: dynamic surveillance 2004-2021].

The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of the global surveys among youth 13-15 years old on tobacco consumption, conducted in 2004, 2015, 2021 in Khabarovsk, Novosibirsk, Cheboksary, Moscow, Pskov and the Russian Federation. The dynamics and trends in consumption of tobacco, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) are analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The surveys used representative samples formed on the basis of all public schools. In 2004, 2015 and 2021 regional sampling included two stages. In 2021 national sampling included three stages: the selection of municipalities, schools and classes. All students of the selected classes were asked. The surveys used the same questionnaire. The total number of respondents - 38 345, the overall response rate - more than 90%. RESULTS: In the Russian Federation, in 2004-2021 among students aged 13-15, the prevalence of tobacco consumption decreased from 27.3 to 11.0%, passive smoking in homes from 76.4 to 23.1%, in closed public places from 89.4 to 23.7%. The consumption of ENDS and HTPs increased up to 16.7 and 3.5% respectively. Similar trends in consumption of products, passive smoking were identified in all the cities. CONCLUSION: The adoption in 2013 of the Federal Law "On protecting the health of citizens from the effects of second hand tobacco smoke, the consequences of tobacco consumption or the consumption of nicotine-containing products" had a significant impact on tobacco use by adolescents and reduced the prevalence of tobacco consumption and passive smoking among them by 3 times.

Susceptibility to tobacco use and associated factors among youth in five central and eastern European countries.

BACKGROUND: Tobacco use among young people still remains a major public health problem. Thus, the aim of this study was to perform a cross-country comparison for the factors associated with susceptibility to tobacco use among youth from five central and eastern European countries. METHODS: The data used in the current analysis, focusing on youth (aged 11-17 years), who have never tried or experimented with cigarette smoking, was available from the recent Global Youth Tobacco Survey (Czech Republic (2016), n = 1997; Slovakia (2016), n = 1998; Slovenia (2017), n = 1765; Romania (2017), n = 3718; Lithuania (2018), n = 1305). Simple, multiple logistic regression analyses and random-effect meta-analysis were conducted to identify factors associated with tobacco use susceptibility as the lack of a firm commitment not to smoke. RESULTS: Nearly a quarter of the students were susceptible to tobacco use in 4 of 5 countries. The following factors were identified, consistently across countries, as correlates of tobacco use susceptibility: exposure to passive smoking in public places (AOR from 1.3; p = 0.05 in Slovakia to 1.6; p < 0.01 in Czech Republic and Romania), peers smoking status (AOR from 1.8 p < 0.01 in Slovakia to 2.5; p < 0.01 Lithuania), opinion that smoking helped people feel more comfortable at celebrations (AOR from 1.3; p = 0.01 in Czech Republic to 1.9; p < 0.01 in Lithuania), noticing people using tobacco in mass media (AOR 1.5; p < 0.01 in Slovenia and 1.6; p < 0.01 in Lithuania), lack of knowledge on harmful effects of passive smoking (AOR 1.8; p < 0.01 in Slovakia and 2.4; p < 0.01 in Slovenia), lack of antismoking education provided by school (AOR 1.3; p < 0.05 in Czech Republic, Slovakia and Slovenia; 1.9; p < 0.01 in Lithuania), and family (AOR 1.5; p < 0.01 in Slovenia and Romania). Moreover those who believed that smoking makes young people look less attractive (AOR from 0.5; p < 0.01 in Romania to 0.7; p = 0.05 in Lithuania) and that people who smoke have less friends (AOR 0.7; p ≤ 0.06) turned out to be less susceptible to tobacco use initiation. In Czech Republic and Slovenia significantly higher susceptibility to tobacco use was observed among females as compared to males (AOR 1.4; p < 0.01), whereas in Romania opposite pattern, although not significant, was observed (p = 0.3). Having more money available for own expenses, positively correlated with smoking suitability in all countries (AOR > 1.5; p < 0.01) except Lithuania where youth with more money available tend to be less susceptible to tobacco use (p > 0.05). Youth who share the opinion that people who smoke have more friends were more susceptible to smoking in Romania (AOR 1.4; p = 0.04) but tend to be less susceptible in other countries. Exposure to advertisements at points of sale was significant correlate of tobacco use susceptibility in Slovakia and Slovenia (AOR 1.4 and 1.5 respectively; p < 0.05), with moderate heterogeneity between the countries. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of youth from central and eastern European countries was susceptible to tobacco use. Social factors, and those related to educational and policy issues as well as to attitudes regarding tobacco use were strongly, and consistently across countries, correlated with tobacco use susceptibility. Slight differences in susceptibility to tobacco use between the countries were related to: sex, money available for own expenses, exposure to advertisements at points of sale and opinion that people who smoke have more friends. These factors should be considered when designing and implementing anti-tobacco activities among young people.

Disparities in tobacco use by adolescents in southeast, Nigeria using Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) approach.

BACKGROUND: Tobacco use during adolescence is a substantial problem and adolescents are at higher risk of addiction and prolonged use. To reduce the burden of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality, monitoring of adolescent tobacco use is imperative. We aimed to determine the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents in urban and rural secondary schools in Enugu State, southeast Nigeria. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 4332 adolescents in 8th to 10th grades in 25 urban and 24 rural secondary schools in Enugu, Nigeria was done using Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) methodology. Students were asked about previous and current tobacco use, smoking cessation, and susceptibility to smoking initiation among non-smokers. Geographical, age and sex prevalence differences were examined. Analyses were performed for all adolescents (10-19 years) and for a subset of students, 13-15 years of age for comparison with previous GYTS surveys. All analyses were weighted to account for the complex survey design and for differential non-response at school, class and student levels. RESULTS: About 28.9% of students reported ever smoking cigarettes; 19.4% reported current tobacco use among all adolescents (13.3, 5.8 and 7.8% for cigarettes, other smoked tobacco, and smokeless tobacco, respectively) while 18.6% reported current tobacco use among 13-15 year olds (12.6, 5.2 and 7.5% for cigarettes, other smoked tobacco and smokeless tobacco respectively). Prevalence of all types of tobacco use was higher in rural schools (vs. urban schools), and among boys (vs. girls). Susceptibility to smoking initiation among non-smokers was 9.3% (95% CI: 8.1-10.7) among all adolescents, and 9% (95% CI: 7.6-10.7) among 13-15 year olds. About 88.1% of all adolescent smokers desired to quit and 57.9% of them had never received help to quit smoking. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly one in every five school-going adolescents currently uses at least one type of tobacco in Enugu State, southeast Nigeria. Prevalence of tobacco use is higher in rural schools and among boys in this setting. Most adolescent current smokers desire to quit and need smoking cessation support.

Youth access to cigarettes in six sub-Saharan African countries.

OBJECTIVE: Tobacco smoking is initiated and established mostly during adolescence. The World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) Article 16 outlines the obligation of parties to prohibit the sale of tobacco products to minors. This study examined where and how student smokers obtain cigarettes. METHODS: We examined Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data from 2009 to 2011 on cigarette access among students aged 13-15 in six sub-Saharan African countries. RESULTS: In all countries analyzed, over 20% of student smokers obtained their cigarettes in a store or shop (52.6% in South Africa, 37.7% in Republic of Congo, 28.2% in Swaziland, 27.4% in Cote d'Ivoire, 26.9% in Ghana, and 22.6% in Uganda). In Cote d'Ivoire and South Africa, 68.9% and 68.7% of student cigarette smokers, respectively, were not refused the sale of cigarettes because of age. The percentage of students who were offered free cigarettes by a tobacco company representative ranged from 4.7% in Cote d'Ivoire to 12.1% in South Africa. CONCLUSIONS: The method of obtaining cigarettes and access to cigarettes among students varies among sub-Saharan African countries. Adopting and enforcing interventions that prevent youth from accessing tobacco products could be an effective strategy for reducing smoking initiation among youth in sub-Saharan African countries.

Smoking is a Risk Factor for Generation Z, Too: The Evolution of the Attitudes.

Objectives: Generation Z, defined as "post-millennial," is considered to be the first generation that could end smoking. The objective is also to take into account the evolutionary aspect of the smoking and attitudes of the Generation Z. The aim of this study was to explore the willingness of Generation Z in Slovakia to comply with the legislation adopted in the field of anti-tobacco policy and to investigate some selected social factors-intention, subjective norm and percevied behavioral control-that contribute to a lower rate of compliance. Methods: Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data on cigarette smoking among 3,557 adolescents (age range 13-15) in 2016 as well as on attitudes towards tobacco use and control measures were used to explore the level of compliance of adolescents with anti-tobacco regulations in Slovakia within the Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC). We used the concept of intention as explained in Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour (1985), focusing on the role of subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. Results: We found a decrease in ever smoking, current smoking and frequent smoking. We found that these adolescents start experimenting with dependence-causing substances, such as tobacco, regardless of existing rules. Conclusion: Adolescents were attracted to smoking, although they were aware of health effects of passive smoking, and a vast majority liked smoke-free places. They are also influenced by their peers and parental models.

Correlation between the Tobacco Free Educational Institution (TOFEI) Policy Compliance and Current Tobacco use among 13-15 Years Old School Students in Urban India: An Ecological Study.

Background: The government of India has developed Guidelines for "Tobacco Free Educational Institutions" (TOFEI), which must be followed by schools across the country. Materials and Methods: This study utilized an ecological design to identify an association between "compliance to TOFEI guidelines" and the "current tobacco use" among 13-15 years school students in urban India. Aggregate data related to "current tobacco users" and "percentage of schools that followed tobacco-free guidelines" were taken from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) India- 4 (2019). We performed a simple linear regression model, and Pearson Correlation was used to see the said association. Results: The results showed that as compliance with TOFEI Guidelines increases in Urban India, Current Tobacco Use decreases among school students in the 13-15 years age group. Conclusion: Thus, it is essential to address enablers and barriers to adherence to the TOFEI guidelines, as it will help reduce the prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents in urban India.

Prevalence of waterpipe smoking and its associated factors among adolescents aged 12-16 years in 73 countries/territories.

Introduction: To describe the recent prevalence of, and trends in, waterpipe smoking and to examine its associated factors among adolescents aged 12-16 years in 73 countries/territories (hereafter "countries"). Methods: Data from 72 countries that had conducted a Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in 2010-2019 and from the National Youth Tobacco Survey in the United States in 2019 were used to assess the recent prevalence of waterpipe smoking and to examine its associated factors among adolescents aged 12-16 years. Data from 38 countries that had carried out at least 2 surveys from 2000 to 2019 were used to determine trends in the prevalence of waterpipe smoking among adolescents. Results: The recent prevalence of current waterpipe smoking (on 1 day during the past 30 days) among adolescents was 6.9% (95%CI 6.4-7.5). The prevalence was highest in the European region (10.9%, 9.9-11.8) and Eastern Mediterranean region (10.7%, 9.5-11.9), but lowest in the Western Pacific region (1.9%, 1.4-2.4). The prevalence of current waterpipe smoking increased or remained unchanged in 19 (50%) of 38 countries, but decreased in the remaining 19 countries (50%). Parental smoking, closest friends' smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, tobacco advertisement exposure, not being taught the dangers of smoking, particularly cigarette smoking, were positively associated with adolescent waterpipe smoking. Discussion: Waterpipe smoking among adolescents remains a major public health issue worldwide, especially in the regions of Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean. Effective prevention and control strategies and measures are needed to curb the epidemic of adolescent waterpipe smoking.

Raising the Age of Purchase and Use of Tobacco Product in Bangladesh: Benefits and Challenges in Protecting Youth from the Tobacco Epidemic.

BACKGROUND: Tobacco use among young and adolescents is the biggest threat to public health globally. In Bangladesh, every one in 14 youth (13-15 years) uses tobacco in some form. While this problem is growing in the country, we estimate the underage initiation of tobacco use and present evidence that policy measures like increasing the age of purchase and use from the current 18 years to 21 years in the country backed with current tobacco control efforts and adopting vendor licensing will significantly reduce future tobacco burden. METHOD: We analysed the two rounds of nationally representative Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data: GATS-1 (2009-10) and GATS-2 (2016-17) and segregated the data for two categories of tobacco consumption (smokers and smokeless tobacco users) based on the age of initiation (<18, 18-21 and >21 years). Consumption patterns were also analyaed by using the GATS-2 data. Projections from sub-national level analysis for youth initiating tobacco use before 21 years and change in the prevalence of overall underage tobacco users were calculated based on weighted value. RESULT: According to GATS-2, around 89% of current tobacco users initiated tobacco use into daily use before the age of 18 years in Bangladesh. Whereas, striking differences were observed (statistically significant) for the average age of initiation of smoking among smokers aged 20-34 increased from 17.4 in 2009 to 19.3 years; and 20.1 to 22 years for SLT.  Moreover, more than 24% of them initiated into regular smoking before the age of 15 years. CONCLUSION: There is an increasing trends of tobacco initiation among the underage youth of Bangladesh. By increasing the age of access, sale, purchase, and use of tobacco from current 18 years to 21 years will significantly reduce youth initiation and taper down the overall adult tobacco use prevalence over the long run in Bangladesh.

Water Pipe as Growing Public Health Challenge Among School Children in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

INTRODUCTION: The water pipe is a form of tobacco smoking that recently become very popular among youth in many countries all over the globe. AIM: To highlight recent data collected through Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) 2019, related to knowledge, attitudes and behavior of school children and youth to water pipe consumption. METHODS: The GYTS questionnaire for the Federation of BiH 2019 contained 60 multiple-choice questions. The GYTS 2019 in the Federation of BiH was conducted in a total of 73 of the 75 sampled primary and secondary schools with a school response rate of 97.3%. From the 6,972 sampled students a total of 6,415 participated as eligible students in grades 8-9 of primary and 1st grade of secondary school, with a response rate for students of 92.0%. RESULTS: Survey findings show that almost half (44.1%) of the school children confirm ever smoking the water pipe, while Current smoking of water pipe is confirmed by 16.1% school children. CONCLUSION: There is a substantial need for implementing of systematic and inter sectorial tobacco control measures that involves a water pipe as new public health challenge among youth.

Association of tobacco control policies with cigarette smoking among school youth aged 13-15 years in the Philippines, 2000-2015.

INTRODUCTION: In 2003, the Philippines implemented legislation that prohibited the sale of tobacco products to youth, placed text warning labels on tobacco products, and prohibited tobacco smoking in public places. This study assessed if this legislation was associated with reduced cigarette smoking among youth. METHODS: Data came from the 2000-2015 Philippines Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS), a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of students aged 13-15 years. GYTS data were used to determine associations between tobacco control legislation and current, past 30-day, current cigarette smoking (CCS). Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, current other tobacco product use (COTPU), and price per cigarette stick (PPCS). RESULTS: In the unadjusted model, the 2003 legislation was not associated with CCS (OR=0.77; 95% CI: 0.54-1.10). After adjusting for covariates, it was negatively associated (AOR=0.65; 95% CI: 0.53-0.80). Being 15 years old (OR=1.31; 95% CI: 1.08-1.58), male (OR=2.54; 95% CI: 2.17-2.98), and COTPU (OR=4.12; 95% CI: 3.47-4.91) were positively associated with CCS in unadjusted models. In adjusted models, being 14 years old (AOR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.08-1.53), 15 years old (AOR=1.55; 95% CI: 1.31-1.84), male (AOR=2.49; 95% CI: 2.13-2.91), and COTPU (AOR=3.96; 95% CI: 3.32-4.73), were associated with CCS. PPCS was not associated with CCS in either the unadjusted (OR=1.32; 95% CI: 0.82-2.11) or adjusted (AOR=1.32; 95% CI: 0.79-2.18) models. CONCLUSIONS: After adjusting for covariates, the 2003 tobacco control legislation was associated with lower current cigarette smoking, but price per cigarette stick was not.

Prevalence of Electronic Cigarette Use and its Determinants among 13-to-15-Year-Old Students in Greece: Results from the 2013 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS).

Electronic cigarette use has increased over the past decade. Its potential role in smoking cessation, in addiction and as a 'gateway' to tobacco smoking is subject to intense research. This cross-sectional study, carried out in 2013, aims to present the habits of students aged 13-15 in Greece with regard to e-cigarettes and investigate potential risk factors and the relationship between e-cigarettes, tobacco smoking and other nicotine products. It is the first such study to be carried out in Greece. The survey was based on the standardized methodology of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. All potential associations were investigated using multiple logistic regression. In total 2.8% of the 4096 participating students were current e-cigarette users and 12.3% of them were ever users. E-cigarette use was associated with male gender, being older, current use of combustible tobacco products and e-cigarette use in the family. Ever e-cigarette use, being older, female gender and higher pocket money were associated with an increased susceptibility to tobacco smoking. E-cigarette prevalence in Greece in 2013 was similar to that of other, developed countries. The smoking and vaping habits of adolescents must be monitored in order to assess trends over time and whether any policy alterations are necessary.

Changes in prevalence of tobacco use and the factors that may affect use among Uganda youth: the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) 2007-2011.

INTRODUCTION: To assess changes from 2007 to 2011 in the prevalence of tobacco use and tobacco-related indicators in Uganda by examining results from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). METHODS: Both the 2007 (n=2,251) and 2011 (n=2,026) Uganda GYTS were conducted among students in primary seven, secondary one, two, and three. A two-stage cluster sample design was used to generate a representative sample of students for the surveys. Stata 12 software was used to provide weighted prevalence estimates and logistic regression models were developed to examine the relationship between factors that influence tobacco use and current tobacco use. RESULTS: The percentage of students who had ever smoked a cigarette, even just one or two puffs, declined from 15.6% in 2007 to 10.9% in 2011 (p=0.03). From 2007 to 2011, neither the percentage of current use of any tobacco (16.6% to 17.3%, p=0.75), nor the percentage of current (past 30 day) cigarette smoking (5.5% to 4.8%,p=0.59) changed significantly. Following adjustment, having parents [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR):1.9, 95% Confidence Interval (CI):1.3-2.8] and friends [AOR 2.5, 95% CI: 1.5-4.0)] who smoke, and having seen tobacco advertisements in print media [AOR 1.8(1.3-2.4)], were associated with greater odds of current tobacco use among students in 2007.Having parents who smoke [AOR;1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-3.0] was associated with greater odds of current tobacco use among students in 2011. CONCLUSION: From 2007 to 2011, no significant change occurred in the prevalence of current tobacco use or cigarette smoking among youth in Uganda. These findings underscore the importance of implementing effective population-level public health interventions, as outlined in the articles of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, to prevent and reduce the use of tobacco among youth in Uganda.

Prevalence and correlates of tobacco use among adolescents in the schools of Kalaiya, Nepal: a cross-sectional questionnaire based study.

BACKGROUND: Adolescent students are vulnerable group for tobacco addiction. Tobacco use among school children is becoming a serious problem in developing countries. This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and to determine associated factors among adolescent students of Kalaiya municipality. METHODS: A cross sectional survey was carried out by self-administered questionnaire adapted from Global Youth Tobacco Survey to assess tobacco use among the representative sample of 1540 adolescent students selected by stratified random sampling from December 2014 to May 2015. RESULT: Overall prevalence of 'ever users' of tobacco products was 25.3 %. Prevalence among boys and girls was 31 and 14.4 % respectively. Mean age at initiation of using tobacco was 13.38 ± 1.62 years. The correlates of tobacco use were: sex, ethnicity, family members and friends using tobacco products, and students exposed at home and public place. CONCLUSION: School based interventions and tobacco education are necessary to prevent initiation and cessation of tobacco use. Legislations related to tobacco control should be enforced to decrease availability, accessibility and affordability of tobacco products. Social norms of tobacco use among parents and others at home as well as at public place should be modified to curb the tobacco use among school students.

Behavioural perspective of tobacco use among youth of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state in central part of India / Perspectiva comportamental do uso do tabaco entre jovens da região de Vidarbha, no estado de Maharashtra, na parte central da Índia

Objective: this study was conducted to find out the youth perspective about the use of tobacco and its ill effects. The survey was conducted at a private Engineering college of Nagpur, Maharashtra India. Material and Methods: a cross-sectional study with self-administered modified Global youth tobacco survey (GYTS) questionnaire was used for data collection. Eight hundred nine college students of age group between 17 year-24years were included in this study. The questionnaire comprised of information on socio-demographic characteristics and questionnaire was used to gather data on knowledge, attitude and practices of participants about tobacco use. Data analysis was performed by using chi-square test and Statistical significance was measured at a level of 0.05. Results: out of 806 total participants, 136 (16.8) were current tobacco consumers, significantly high prevalence of tobacco use was observed among boys 106 (13.1) than girls 30 (3.7). Moreover, a higher number of boys 106 (13.1) started smoking at young adolescent age (13- 20 years) than girls30 (3.7). Conclusions: the findings in the study suggest that tobacco use is still an important risk behavior amongst students. Tobacco use was comparatively higher amongst boys though its use is not restricted to them only. There is a need to plan to gather nationwide baseline data on the use of tobacco by young adolescents and the factors associated with initiation of tobacco habit. (AU)

Objetivo: Este estudo foi realizado para descobrir a perspectiva dos jovens sobre o uso do tabaco e seus efeitos nocivos. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma faculdade de engenharia privada de Nagpur, na Índia Maharashtra. Material e Métodos: Foi utilizado um estudo transversal com questionário autoadministrado de pesquisa global de tabaco juvenil modificado (GYTS) para coleta de dados. Oitocentos e nove estudantes universitários de faixa etária entre 17 e 24 anos foram incluídos neste estudo. Utilizou-se o questionário composto por informações sobre características sociodemográficas e para coleta de dados sobre conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas dos participantes em relação ao uso do tabaco. A análise dos dados foi realizada pelo teste do qui-quadrado e a significância estatística foi medida em um nível de 0,05. Resultados: Dos 806 participantes no total, 136 (16,8) eram consumidores atuais de tabaco com prevalência significativamente mais alta entre os meninos 106 (13,1) do que as meninas 30 (3,7). Além disso, um número maior de meninos 106 (13,1) começou a fumar na adolescência (13 a 20 anos) comparado ao número de meninas 30 (3,7). Conclusões: Os achados do estudo sugerem que o uso de tabaco ainda é um importante fator de risco comportamental entre os estudantes. O tabagismo foi comparativamente maior entre os meninos, embora seu uso não seja restrito apenas a eles. Há uma necessidade de planejar a coleta de dados de referência nacionais sobre o uso de tabaco por jovens adolescentes e os fatores associados ao início do hábito do tabagismo. (AU)

Prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among Iraqi adolescents: Iraq GYTS 2012.

BACKGROUND: The use of any form of tobacco by 13-15 year old individuals is 10% globally as identified through the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS). This study aimed at assessing the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among Iraqi adolescents. METHODS: A cross sectional study was carried out on 1750 participants selected randomly from preparatory and secondary schools in Baghdad, Iraq in 2012. Through a multistage stratified random sample scheme. The GYTS questionnaire was applied. RESULTS: The study results indicated that 21.8% of Iraqi adolescents are tobacco users (male 27.1%, female 12.7%). Cigarette smoking was noted as the main type of tobacco use (13.9%) followed by shisha (4.8%) and pipe (1.4%). The stepwise logistic regression indicated a number of predictors of tobacco use. Male adolescents were twice more likely to be tobacco users than female students (OR 2.31; 95%C.I: 1.57-3.42). Furthermore, students whose parents or sibling were smokers had doubled the risk of tobacco use relative to those with no parents or siblings current smokers (OR1.97; 95%C.I: 1.04-2.77 and OR1.86; 95%C.I: 1.21-2.87 respectively). Having close friends who smoked was also identified as an important risk factor towards adolescent tobacco use. Those who reported that some of their friends smoked were 2.67 times more likely to be smokers (95%C.I: 1.83-3.89), while those who reported that most/all of their friends were smokers were 8.18 times more likely to be smokers themselves (95%C.I: 4.65-14.39). CONCLUSION: Smoking rates among Iraqi adolescents were found to be among the higher rates of adolescent smoking prevalence in the Middle East. Multiple family and peer related characteristics were related to tobacco use. Preventive activities should take place to curb the tobacco epidemic in Iraq.

Susceptibility to smoking among adolescents and its implications for Mexico's tobacco control programs. Analysis of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey 2003-2004 and 2006-2007.

Smoking prevention efforts should either prevent target groups from becoming susceptible to smoking or prevent susceptible adolescents from progressing to becoming regular smokers. To describe the prevalence of susceptibility to smoking among never smoker students from cities that applied the GYTS in 2003 and 2006. The GYTS uses a two-stage cluster sample survey design that produces representative samples of students aged 12-15 years enrolled in public, private, and technical schools. The survey was undertaken at 399 schools in 9 cities. The GYTS surveyed 33,297 students during the academic years 2003-04 and 2006-07. Among never smokers, about 25% are likely to initiate smoking in the next 12 months. There are no differences in susceptibility to smoking by gender. When comparing results from 2003 and 2006, the susceptibility index has not changed, but for one city. The GYTS results are useful for monitoring susceptibility to smoking among adolescents and provide evidence for strengthening the efforts of tobacco control programs in Mexico.

Uso de chimo entre adolescentes en venezuela: encuesta mundial sobre tabaquismo en jóvenes 1999-2008 / Using chimo among adolescents in Venezuela: global survey on youth smoking 1999-2008

La Encuesta Mundial sobre Tabaquismo en Jóvenes (EMTAJOVEN), un sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica (SVE) mundial, con datos válidos para desarrollar y evaluar políticas y programas. Se presentan resultados de Venezuela y estados: Barinas, Cojedes, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Trujillo, Zulia, Yaracuy y Lara. EMTAJOVEN es una encuesta a estudiantes grados 7mo a 9no, incluye: prevalencia de uso de tabaco sin humo (chimo), actitudes, conocimientos, conductas; acceso, propaganda y exposición. La Prevalencia (%) de uso de chimo varia: 3.8% a 20.7% varones; y 2.0% a 6.6% hembras. Hubo aumento en P% de uso de chimo en Barinas, Cojedes, Monagas y Lara. 80% conocen que el chimo es dañino y menos del 30% han recibido clases sobre este tema. Los SVE producen datos pertinentes que deben usarse en evaluación de políticas y programas de promoción de salud, ideas contenidas en el primer tratado mundial sobre el control de un factor de riesgo de salud "el Convenio Marco de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para el Control del Tabaco

The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) is a worldwide surveillance system of health related behaviors about tobacco, provides valid data to develop and evaluate policies and programs. We present results from the GYTS done in Venezuela and the estates of: Barinas, Cojedes, Monagas, Nueva Esparta, Trujillo, Zulia, Yaracuy and Lara years 2000, 2004 and 2008. GYTS is a survey done on students grades 7 to 9. The instrument seeks information: attitudes, knowledge, behaviors, exposure, prevention programs, mass media, marketing; and access. Prevalence (P%) of Smokeless tobacco use, Chimo, is not uniform among the states: 3.8% to 20.7% males; 2.0% to 6.6% females, with increment in Barinas, Cojedes, Monagas and Lara. 80% know the danger of chimo, less than 30% recalled any lecturer concerning the topic. Health surveillance systems produce data that should be use for design and evaluation of policies and programs, ideas that have found a relevant place at the first global health treaty in history: the WHO's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

Global youth tobacco survey (GYTS) Timor-Leste 2019

The Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) was developed by the Tobacco-FreeInitiative (TFI) of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Office on Smokingand Health of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),Atlanta, in collaboration with a number of countries representing the six WHOregions to generate comprehensive tobacco prevention and control information onyoung people.