Analyzing the effect of selected control policy measures and sociodemographic factors on alcoholic beverage consumption in Europe within the AMPHORA project: statistical methods.

This paper describes the methods used to investigate variations in total alcoholic beverage consumption as related to selected control intervention policies and other socioeconomic factors (unplanned factors) within 12 European countries involved in the AMPHORA project. The analysis presented several critical points: presence of missing values, strong correlation among the unplanned factors, long-term waves or trends in both the time series of alcohol consumption and the time series of the main explanatory variables. These difficulties were addressed by implementing a multiple imputation procedure for filling in missing values, then specifying for each country a multiple regression model which accounted for time trend, policy measures and a limited set of unplanned factors, selected in advance on the basis of sociological and statistical considerations are addressed. This approach allowed estimating the "net" effect of the selected control policies on alcohol consumption, but not the association between each unplanned factor and the outcome.

Alcoholic beverage consumption, smoking habits, and periodontitis: A cross-sectional investigation of the NutriNet-Santé study.

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence suggests that dietary habits influence the development and severity of periodontitis. The present cross-sectional study evaluated the association between different types and quantity of alcoholic beverage consumption (alone and interacting with smoking) and the probability to suffer from severe periodontitis in the French e-cohort NutriNet-Santé. METHODS: The study population consisted of 35,390 adults (mean age: 49.04 ± 13.94 years), who filled oral health questionnaires and completed at least three non-consecutive 24-hour dietary records. Data on type and frequency of alcoholic beverage consumption were obtained from a semi-quantitative self-reported alcohol frequency questionnaire; the daily quantity (g/day) was estimated from the 24-hour dietary records. The probability of severe periodontitis (main dependent variable) was assessed by calculating the modified periodontal screening score (mPESS) from selected questions. RESULTS: A total of 7263 individuals (20.5%) presented a high probability of suffering from severe periodontitis (high-mPESS). After adjusting for confounding factors, the frequency of alcoholic beverage consumption was significantly higher among high-mPESS group than their low-mPESS counterparts, especially for hard liquor/spirits (1.9 ± 1.4 days/week for high-PESS versus 1.6 ± 1.1 days/week the low-PESS [P < 0.0001]). The mean daily quantity of ethanol was also higher in high-mPESS versus low-mPESS individuals (11.2 ± 15.6 versus 7.9 ± 12.3 g/day; P = 0.011). A stronger association with self-report severe periodontitis was noted when alcohol consumption exceeding > 20 g/day for women and > 30 g/day for men was combined with smoking habit (OR = 7.30 [95% CI: 6.1-8.73]). CONCLUSION: The present results support an association between alcoholic beverage consumption and self-report severe periodontitis, particularly when it is associated with current smoking.

Associations of Alcoholic Beverage Consumption with Dietary Intake, Waist Circumference, and Body Mass Index in US Adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2012.

BACKGROUND: Findings from studies of alcohol and obesity measures (eg, waist circumference [WC] and body mass index [BMI; calculated as kg/m2]) are conflicting. Residual confounding by dietary intake, inconsistent definitions of alcohol consumption across studies, and the inclusion of former drinkers in the nondrinking comparison group can contribute to the mixed literature. OBJECTIVE: This study examines associations of alcoholic beverage consumption with dietary intake, WC, and BMI. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data from the 2003-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Adults 20 to 79 years of age (n=7,436 men; n=6,939 women) were studied. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Associations of alcoholic beverage consumption with energy (kcal), macronutrient and sugar intakes (% kcal), WC, and BMI were determined. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Multivariable linear regression models were used to determine associations of average daily volume and drinking quantity (ie, drinks per drinking day) with dietary intake and obesity measures. Former and never drinkers were analyzed as distinct categories; associations of drinking with WC and BMI were examined with and without adjustment for dietary intake variables. RESULTS: Heavier-drinking men (≥3 drinks/day) and women (≥2 drinks/day) consumed less nonalcoholic energy (ß -252 kcal/day, 95% CI -346 to -159 kcal/day and ß -159 kcal/day, 95% CI -245 to -73 kcal/day, respectively) than moderate drinkers (1 to 2 drinks/day in men and 1 drink/day in women). By average daily drinking volume, differences in WC and BMI between former and moderate drinkers were +1.78 cm (95% CI 0.51 to 3.05 cm) and +0.65 (95% CI 0.12 to 1.18) in men and +4.67 cm (95% CI 2.95 to 6.39 cm) and +2.49 (95% CI 1.64 to 3.34) in women. Compared with moderate drinking, heavier drinking volume was not associated with WC or BMI among men or women. In men, drinking ≥5 drinks/drinking day was associated with higher WC (ß 3.48 cm, 95% CI 1.97 to 5.00 cm) and BMI (ß 1.39, 95% CI 0.79 to 2.00) compared with men who consumed 1 to 2 drinks/drinking day. In women, WC and BMI were not significantly different for women drinking ≥4 drinks/drinking day compared with 1 drink/drinking day. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in dietary intake across drinking subgroups and separation of former drinkers from nondrinkers should be considered in studies of alcohol intake in relation to WC and BMI.

Nivel de riesgo del personal de sanitario frente al consumo de alcohol en dos instituciones de salud en Colombia / Risk level of health care personnel with regard to alcohol consumption in two health care institutions in Colombia

El consumo de alcohol es una situación social con amplia aceptación, que representa en sus consecuencias un factor de riesgo importante para la carga de enfermedad, mortalidad, accidentalidad y afectaciones en el ámbito laboral. Las causas de este consumo se relacionan a los aspectos psicológicos, emocionales, sociales que se dan en la actividad en el trabajo, relación familiar o interacción social.

Alcohol consumption is a social situation with wide acceptance, which represents in its consequences an important risk factor for the burden of disease, mortality, accident and affectations in the work environment. The causes of this consumption are related to psychological, emotional and social aspects that occur in work activities, family relationships or social interaction.

Prevalencia y factores socioeconómicos asociados al consumo de alcohol en jóvenes de hogares pobres en la subregión Montes de María, en el Caribe colombiano / Prevalence and Socioeconomic Factors Associated to Alcohol Consumption by Youngsters from Low-income Homes in the Montes de María Sub-region, in the Colombian Caribbean / Prevalência e fatores socioeconômicos associados ao consumo de álcool em jovens de lares pobres na sub-região Montes María, no Caribe colombiano

Resumen Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de consumo semanal de alcohol en población joven y sus determinantes socioeconómicos en la subregión Montes de María, del Caribe colombiano. Metodología: Estudio analítico transversal de 10 667 jóvenes encuestados de 10 a 24 años. Se utilizaron tablas de frecuencias y medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y posición, con estratificación de la muestra por sexo y grupos edad. Se usó un modelo logístico de respuesta dicotómica para la prevalecía, explorando factores de riesgo. Resultados: La prevalencia de consumo de alcohol de alguna vez por semana es 9,4 %. La prevalencia en hombres es 14,5 % y en mujeres es 5,6 %. En menores de edad es 3,9 % y en mayores de edad es 19,0 %. El municipio de San Onofre presenta la mayor prevalecía (14,9 %). Además, ser hombre, ser empleado, tener una mala relación con los padres, tener familiares víctimas del conflicto o asesorías psicológicas previas incrementó el riesgo de consumo de alcohol. En las mujeres, pero no en los hombres, tener pensamientos suicidas se relacionó con un mayor riesgo de consumo de alcohol. Para ambos sexos, tener de 18 a 24 años, perder años escolares, consumir sustancias psicoactivas y comportarse como agresor en casos de matoneo escolar incrementan el riesgo de consumo de alcohol. Discusión: La prevalencia de consumo de alcohol de alguna vez a la semana de los jóvenes de Montes de María está a 1,5 puntos porcentuales de la prevalencia de consumo perjudicial a nivel nacional (11,07 %). Los jóvenes de 18 a 24 años tienen una prevalencia igual al consumo de alcohol riesgoso y perjudicial nacional para el mismo rango de edad (18,76 %). Los factores de riesgo encontrados denotan problemas familiares, desinterés escolar y problemas psicológicos. Conclusiones: Hay alta prevalencia de consumo de alcohol en jóvenes de Montes de María, donde es necesario afianzar programas preventivos de consumo de alcohol en edades tempranas.

Abstract Objective: to estimate the prevalence of weekly alcohol composition in the young population and its socioeconomic determinants, in the Montes de María sub-region, Colombian Caribbean. Methodology: analytic cross-sectional study with 10667 surveys on youngsters aged 10-24 years. Frequency grids and measures of central tendency, dispersion and position were used, classifying the sample by sex and age groups. A logistic model of dichotomous questions was used for the prevalence, studying risk factors. Results: the prevalence of alcohol consumption at least once a week is 9.4%. In males, the prevalence is 14.5%, and in women, it is 5.6%. Underage prevalence is 3.9% and adult prevalence is 19.0%. The municipality of San Onofre has the highest prevalence (14.9%). Additionally, the risk of alcohol consumption increased in male who were employees, had dysfunctional family relationship, relatives who were victims of the armed conflict or who received previous psychological attention. In women, but not in men, having suicidal thoughts was associated with higher risk of alcohol consumption. For all the participants, being between 18 and 24 years of age, having failed school years, consuming psychoactive substances being a school bully increased the risk of alcohol consumption. Discussion: the prevalence of atleast- once-a-week alcohol consumption in the youngsters of Montes de María is 1.5% below the national harmful alcohol consumption level (11.07%). The sample's youngsters aged 18-24 years have the same prevalence of high-risk and harmful alcohol consumption as the national level for the same age range (18.76%). The risk factors found reveal family issues, a lack of interest in school and psychological problems. Conclusions: there is a high prevalence of alcohol consumption in the youngsters of Montes de María and it is necessary to enforce programs to prevent alcohol consumption at young ages.

Resumo Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de consumo semanal de álcool na população jovem e seus determinantes socioeconômicos na sub-região Montes de María, do Caribe colombiano. Metodologia: foi um estudo analítico transversal de 10 667 jovens de 10 a 24 anos que foram indagados. Utilizaram-se grelhas de frequência e medidas de tendência central, dispersão e posição, com estratificação da amostra por sexo e grupos de idade. Utilizou-se um modelo logístico de resposta dicotómica para a prevalência, estudando fatores de risco. Resultados: a prevalência de consumo de álcool de alguma vez por semana é de 9,4%. A prevalência em homes é 14,5% e 5,6% em mulheres. Em menores de idade é 3,9% e em adultos é 19,0%. O município San Onofre tem a prevalência mais alta (14,9%). Além disso, ser homem, ser empregado, ter uma relação ruim com os pais, ter família vítima do conflito ou assessorias psicológicas anteriores aumentou o risco de consumo de álcool. Nas mulheres, não nos homens, ter pensamentos suicidas esteve relacionado com mais risco de consumo de álcool. Para todos, ter entre 18 e 24 anis, perder anos da escola, consumir substâncias psicoativas e ter comportamento agressor em casos de bullying na escola aumentam o risco de consumo de álcool. Discussão: a prevalência do consumo de álcool de alguma vez por semana dos jovens de Montes de Ma ría fica a 1,5 pontos de percentagem da prevalência do consumo prejudicial a nível nacional (11,07%). Os jovens de 18 a 24 anos têm uma prevalência igual ao consumo de álcool de risco e pre judicial nacional no mesmo intervalo de idade (18,76%). Os fa tores de risco achados revelam problemas familiares, desinteresse escolar e problemas psicológicos. Conclusões: há uma prevalên cia alta de consumo de álcool nos jovens de Montes de María, sendo necessário fortalecer programas de prevenção de consumo de álcool nas idades precoces.

Consumo de álcool e violência física entre adolescentes: quem é o preditor? / Alcohol consumption and physical violence among adolescents: which is the predictor?

Resumo O objetivo desta revisão integrativa foi investigar na literatura a associação entre consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e violência física, com ênfase em identificar o preditor entre eles. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline e SciELO, adotando como descritores: "violence", "alcohool drinking" e "adolescent". Foram incluídos artigos publicados entre 2005 e 2014, e que analisassem a associação entre o consumo de álcool e a violência física, usando análise multivariada. Do total de 1667 artigos, 29 se enquadravam nos critérios de inclusão. O consumo de álcool foi a variável mais investigada como preditora do envolvimento em violência física, quando o adolescente é o perpetrador ou a vítima da violência, com associação significativa em 19 estudos. No entanto, quando a vitimização foi investigada como preditora (7 estudos), na maioria destes (6) houve associação significativa com a ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas. O consumo de bebida alcoólica se mostrou preditor da violência física, tanto para o adolescente perpetrador quanto para aquele vítima da violência. Entretanto, ter sido vítima de violência na infância e na adolescência também pode levar o adolescente ao consumo do álcool.

Abstract The scope of this integrative review was to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and physical violence in the literature, with an emphasis on identifying the predictor between them. A search was conducted in the Lilacs, Medline and SciELO databases, adopting "violence," "alcohool drinking" and "adolescent" as descriptors. It included articles published between 2005 and 2014 that analyzed the association between alcohol consumption and physical violence using multivariate analysis. Of the total of 1667 articles located, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Alcohol consumption was investigated more as a predictor of involvement in physical violence when the teenager is the perpetrator or the victim of violence, with a significant association found in 19 studies. However, when victimization was investigated as a predictor (7 studies), most of these (6) revealed no significant association with the intake of alcoholic beverages. The consumption of alcohol has proven to be the predictor of physical violence for both the teen perpetrator and for the adolescent victim of violence. However, having been the victim of violence in childhood and adolescence may also lead adolescents to alcohol consumption.

Análise da mortalidade por acidentes de transporte terrestre antes e após a Lei Seca – Brasil, 2007-200 / Mortality analysis of traffic accidents before and after Brazil’s Dry Law, from 2007 to 2009

Objetivo: comparar o risco de morte por ATT antes e depois na implantação da Lei 11.705 (Lei Seca), que restringe o consumo de bebida alcoólica no Brasil. Metodologia: foram avaliados os dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) de 2007 a 2009. Avaliaram-se as variações da taxa padronizada de mortalidade por ATT e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95 por cento no período anterior (julho/2007 a junho/2008) e posterior (julho/2008 a junho/2009) à implantação da Lei Seca. Resultados: identificou-se redução proporcional significativa no risco de morte por ATT, variando de -7,4 por cento para o Brasil a -11,8 por cento nas capitais, principalmente entre os homens (-8,3 por cento e -12,6 por cento, respectivamente). Conclusões: recomenda-se a manutenção e ampliação da fiscalização e educação para o trânsito e ainda a continuidade de estudos analíticos para melhor avaliar o impacto da medida restritiva ao álcool e direção.

Objective: to compare the risk of death due to road traffic accidents (RTA) before and after the implementation of Law Number 11,705 (Dry Law) that restricts the consumption of alcoholic beverages in Brazil. Methodology: data from the Mortality Information System (SIM), from 2007 to 2009, were evaluated. The standardized RTA death rate variations and their respective confidence intervals of 95 per cent were evaluated in the period from July 2007 to June 2008 (before the Dry Law) and from July 2008 to June 2009 (after the implementation of the Dry Law). Results: a significant proportional reduction in RTA death rates was observed, ranging from 7.4 per cent for Brazil to 11.8 percent for state capitals, especially among men (-8.3 percent and -12.6 percent, respectively). Conclusions: the continuous maintenance and increase in surveillance and traffic education activities along with the development of analytical studies to better evaluate the impact of such restrictive measures are recommended.