Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Water-Soluble Cationic Platinum(II) Organometallic Complexes with Phenanthroline and Imidazolic Ligands.

Platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents are widely used in the treatment of cancer. However, their effectiveness is limited by severe adverse reactions, drug resistance, and poor water solubility. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of new water-soluble cationic monofunctional platinum(II) complexes starting from the [PtCl(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)] (1, phen=1,10-phenanthroline) precursor, specifically [Pt(NH3)(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)]Cl (2), [Pt(1-hexyl-1H-imidazole)(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)]Cl (3), and [Pt(1-hexyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole)(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)]Cl (4), which deviate from traditional requirements for antitumor activity. These complexes were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects in comparison to cisplatin, using immortalized cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa), human renal carcinoma cells (Caki-1), and normal human renal cells (HK-2). While complex 2 showed minimal effects on the cell lines, complexes 3 and 4 demonstrated higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin. Notably, complex 4 displayed the highest cytotoxicity in both cancer and normal cell lines. However, complex 3 exhibited the highest selectivity for renal tumor cells (Caki-1) among the tested complexes, compared to healthy cells (HK-2). This resulted in a significantly higher selectivity than that of cisplatin and complex 4. Therefore, complex 3 shows potential as a leading candidate for the development of a new generation of platinum-based anticancer drugs, utilizing biocompatible imidazole ligands while demonstrating promising anticancer properties.

One-dimensional Cu(I) and Ag(I) ladder-like coordination polymers supported by 2-ethyl-1-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazole.

The title complexes, poly[[bis[µ2-2-ethyl-1-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazole-κ(2)N(1):N(3)]copper(I)] tetrafluoroborate acetonitrile monosolvate], {[Cu(C15H15N3)2]BF4·CH3CN}n, (I), and poly[[bis[µ2-2-ethyl-1-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazole-κ(2)N(1):N(3)]silver(I)] perchlorate methanol monosolvate], {[Ag(C15H15N3)2]ClO4·CH3OH}n, (II), are isostructural and exhibit one-dimensional ladder-like structures in which each asymmetric unit contains one metal ion (Cu(+) or Ag(+)), two 2-ethyl-1-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-1H-benzimidazole (bep) ligands, one counter-anion (tetrafluoroborate or perchlorate) and one interstitial molecule (acetonitrile or methanol). Each metal ion exhibits a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry consisting of two pyridyl and two benzimidazole N atoms from four distinct ligands. Two metal ions are linked by two bep ligands to form a centrosymmetric 18-membered M2(bep)2 metallacycle, while adjacent M2(bep)2 metallacycles are further interlinked by another two bep ligands resulting in a ladder-like array. In the extended structure, four adjacent ladder-like arrays are connected together through C-H···F, O-H···O and C-H···O hydrogen bonds between bep ligands, solvent molecules and counter-anions into a three-dimensional supramolecular structure.

Synthesis, crystal structures, luminescence and catalytic properties of two d¹° metal coordination polymers constructed from mixed ligands.

Two new coordination polymers [Cd(bmb)(hmph)]n (1), {[Ag(bmb)]·H2btc}n (2) (bmb=1,4-bis(2-methylbenzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, H2hmph=homophthalic acid, H3btc=1,3,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods, IR spectroscopy, TGA, XRPD and elemental analysis. Complex 1 features a 3D threefold interpenetrating dia array with a 4-connected 6(6) topology. Complex 2 shows a 1D helix chain structure connected by L1 ligands, which is finally extended into a rarely 2D 4L2 supramolecular network via C-H⋯O hydrogen bond interactions. In addition, the luminescence and catalytic properties of the two complexes for the degradation of the methyl orange azo dye in a Fenton-like process were presented. The degradation efficiency of the methyl orange azo dye for 1 and 2 are 56% and 96%, respectively.

Cd(II) and Co(II) coordination polymers constructed from benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and 2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole ligands.

In poly[aqua(µ3-benzene-1,4-dicarboxylato-κ(5)O(1),O(1'):O(1):O(4),O(4'))[2-(pyridin-3-yl-κN)-1H-benzimidazole]cadmium(II)], [Cd(C8H4O4)(C12H9N3)(H2O)]n, (I), each Cd(II) ion is seven-coordinated by the pyridine N atom from a 2-(pyridin-3-yl)benzimidazole (3-PyBIm) ligand, five O atoms from three benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (1,4-bdc) ligands and one O atom from a coordinated water molecule. The complex forms an extended two-dimensional carboxylate layer structure, which is further extended into a three-dimensional network by hydrogen-bonding interactions. In catena-poly[[diaquabis[2-(pyridin-3-yl-κN)-1H-benzimidazole]cobalt(II)]-µ2-benzene-1,4-dicarboxylato-κ(2)O(1):O(4)], [Co(C8H4O4)(C12H9N3)2(H2O)2]n, (II), each Co(II) ion is six-coordinated by two pyridine N atoms from two 3-PyBIm ligands, two O atoms from two 1,4-bdc ligands and two O atoms from two coordinated water molecules. The complex forms a one-dimensional chain-like coordination polymer and is further assembled by hydrogen-bonding interactions to form a three-dimensional network.