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1.
Ann Pharm Fr ; 82(4): 597-617, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38354976

RESUMEN

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world, with 70% of its territory covered by oceans that are rich in various types of biological resources. Indonesia's biodiversity has made it possible to develop natural medicine. Marine algae have enormous potential, but the types of marine algae used still need to be more varied. Research on the pharmacology of marine macroalgae has been conducted in Indonesia, but studies on such topic related to diabetes mellitus (DM) still need to be completed. This study provides a comprehensive dataset of pharmacological anti-diabetic potential of marine macroalgae used for managing DM and reports on preclinical trials that provide pharmacological evidence. Data on the Indonesian marine macroalgae used to lower blood glucose were obtained from online sources. The bioactive chemicals of marine macroalgae have been found efficient at blocking several diabetes enzymes in in-vivo and in-vitro studies, and such chemicals have anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, antioxidant, and other therapeutic benefits. The Google Scholar was used to search for the pharmacological literature with the keywords marine AND macroalgae AND diabetes AND Indonesia. Pharmacological research on the anti-diabetic activity of marine macroalgae has been carried out on five major Indonesian islands, including Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Sulawesi, and Papua, which encompassed 12 provinces: Southwest Papua, South Sulawesi, West Kalimantan, Riau Archipelago, Banten, West Java, North Sulawesi, East Java, Yogyakarta, Maluku, Jakarta, and Bengkulu. Articles on preclinical tests (in vitro and in vivo) were also used for the phytochemical problem section. The results briefly describe which class of algae has been widely used in Indonesia as an anti-diabetic. The findings of this research can be utilized to help find DM treatment drugs based on natural resources from marine macroalgae.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Hipoglucemiantes , Algas Marinas , Indonesia , Algas Marinas/química , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales
2.
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique ; 71(1): 101413, 2023 Feb.
Artículo en Francés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36357272

RESUMEN

AIM OF THE STUDY: To study the predictors of knowledge level, attitudes and quality of life of type 1(T1D) and type 2 (T2D) Tunisian diabetics POPULATION AND METHODS: We undertook an analytical cross-sectional study. The questionnaire was administered in Arabic and contained a section collecting socio-demographic, clinical and diabetes-specific data. The following sections contained the Arabic-translated and validated versions of the "Simplified Diabetes Knowledge Scale", the "Diabetes Attitude Scale-3" and the "Diabetes Health Profile-18" to assess level of diabetes knowledge, attitudes towards the disease and diabetics' quality of life. RESULTS: We collected 186 T1D (18.5%) and 821 T2D (81.5%) completed questionnaires. A good level of knowledge about diabetes was indicated in T1D patients by glycemic self-monitoring and by secondary and university education, urban housing, stable employment, insulin therapy and prior therapeutic education, while regular medical follow-up was of particular importance in T2DM patients. Smoking and diabetes complications were predictors of a negative attitude towards the disease in T1D and T2D respectively. Diabetics' Impaired quality of life was predicted by age < 40 years and a low level of knowledge about diabetes in T1D and by female sex, insulin therapy and a low level of knowledge about diabetes in T2D. CONCLUSION: Predictors of the level of knowledge, attitudes and quality of life of diabetics may be a basis for establishing a therapeutic education program tailored to the different populations.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Insulinas , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Calidad de Vida , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
3.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 100(8): 741-754, 2022 Aug 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35500287

RESUMEN

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the gums. Periodontitis in diabetic patients can aggravate insulin resistance; however, its molecular and biological mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of diabetic periodontitis on liver function and determine the mechanism by which artesunate improves liver function. Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were divided into five groups: normal control (NC), diabetic periodontitis (DM + PD), artesunate intervention (ART), insulin intervention (INS), and combined medication intervention (ART + INS) groups. Drug interventions were then administered to the rats in each group as follows: 50 mg/kg artesunate to the ART group, 6 U/kg insulin to the INS group, and 50 mg/kg artesunate + 6 U/kg insulin to the ART + INS group. Blood samples, liver tissues, and the maxillary alveolar bone were collected postsacrifice. ART was found to significantly ameliorate hyperglycemia, blood lipid concentrations, and liver function. The levels of inflammatory factors reduced; the effect was more pronounced in the ART + INS group. Artesunate presumably inhibits the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and expression of downstream inflammatory factors, thereby exerting a protective effect on diabetes-related liver function. This offers a fresh approach to treat diabetes mellitus.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Periodontitis , Animales , Artesunato/efectos adversos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Insulina , Hígado , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Periodontitis/complicaciones , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Periodontitis/metabolismo , Ratas
4.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 100(12): 1097-1105, 2022 Dec 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36305520

RESUMEN

Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potential biomarker of endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate ET-1 level in CAD patients and its relationship with DM. The cross-sectional design included subjects with angiographically proven CAD and controls among Indonesian. DM was defined by medical history and anti-diabetics use. Serum ET-1 level was measured in both subject groups. We recruited 305 subjects, 183 CAD patients and 122 controls. CAD subjects had higher percentage of males, DM, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, family history of cardiovascular disease, and obesity. ET-1 level was significantly higher in CAD than in controls (2.44 ± 1.49 pg/mL vs. 1.76 ± 0.83 pg/mL; p < 0.001). Increased ET-1 level was significantly associated with DM and dyslipidemia. The highest ET-1 level was observed in CAD with DM, followed by CAD non-DM (2.79 ± 1.63 pg/mL vs. 2.29 ± 1.40 pg/mL; p = 0.023). Among controls, ET-1 level was the lowest in non-DM subjects. Female CAD had higher proportion of DM; however, ET-1 level was similar to male CAD with DM. In conclusion, an increased ET-1 level was significantly associated with DM in patients with CAD. Further research should investigate the potential role of ET-1 receptor antagonists in the secondary prevention of CAD with DM.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Diabetes Mellitus , Dislipidemias , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/epidemiología , Endotelina-1 , Estudios Transversales , Indonesia/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Dislipidemias/complicaciones , Dislipidemias/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo
5.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 100(3): 210-219, 2022 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34910610

RESUMEN

Our current investigation comprises the synthesis and pharmacological impact of bromelain copper nanoparticles (BrCuNP) against diabetes mellitus (DM) and associated ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) - induced myocardial infarction. Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme obtained from Ananas comosus L. Merr., which has blood platelet aggregation inhibiting and arterial thrombolytic potential. Moreover, copper is well-known to facilitate glucose metabolism and strengthen cardiac muscle and antioxidant activity; although, chronic or long-term exposure to high doses of copper may lead to copperiedus. To restrict these potential hazards, we synthesized herbal nano-formulation which convincingly indicated the improved primordial therapeutic potential of copper by reformulating the treatment carrier with bromelain, resulting in facile synthesis of BrCuNP. DM was induced by administration of double cycle repetitive dose of low dose streptozotocin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) in high-fat diet- fed animals. DM and associated myocardial I/R injury were estimated by increased serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase myocardial band, cardiac troponin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, and reduced serum level of high-density lipoprotein and nitrite/nitrate concentration. However, treatment with BrCuNP ameliorates various serum biomarkers by approving cardioprotective potential against DM- and I/R-associated injury. Furthermore, upturn of histopathological changes were observed in cardiac tissue of BrCuNP-treated rats in comparison to disease models.


Asunto(s)
Bromelaínas/síntesis química , Bromelaínas/uso terapéutico , Cobre/química , Cobre/uso terapéutico , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/complicaciones , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Nanopartículas del Metal/uso terapéutico , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Infarto del Miocardio/etiología , Daño por Reperfusión Miocárdica/complicaciones , Animales , Bromelaínas/farmacología , Cobre/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Ratas Wistar
6.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 99(5): 522-535, 2021 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33095998

RESUMEN

Ethanol consumption increases the prevalence of gastric ulcer (GU) in rats with type II diabetes (T2D). Induction of GU by absolute ethanol (5 mL/kg or 3.94 g/kg) in the animal model resembles human ulcer characteristics. The aim was to investigate the role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in the treatment of GU in diabetic condition. The rats were exposed to absolute ethanol 1 h before sacrifice and T2D was induced by combined exposure of high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin. Pretreatment of tert-butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) (25 and 50 mg/kg), metformin (500 mg/kg), and omeprazole (20 mg/kg) were given once daily for last three consecutive weeks. In ethanol-exposed diabetic rats, pretreatment with tBHQ, omeprazole, and metformin reduced gastric mucosal lesion, ulcer index, histological alterations, malondialdehyde level, and apoptosis. Furthermore, the intervention of tBHQ, omeprazole, and metformin improved the integrity of the stomach mucosa, glutathione, gastric pH, collagen, and goblet cells. tBHQ treatment improved ethanol-induced alterations of Nrf2, catalase, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), NF-κB, and endothelin-1 expressions in diabetic rats. In diabetic conditions, the incidence of GU is increased due to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory mediators, depleted levels of cellular antioxidants, and altered gastric parameters. The tBHQ intervention could be a rational strategy to protect these changes.


Asunto(s)
Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2 , Úlcera Gástrica , Animales , Etanol , Ratas
7.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 99(3): 303-312, 2021 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32758099

RESUMEN

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a type of metabolic disorder characterized by long-term hyperglycemia. Accumulating evidence shows that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play significant roles in the occurrence and development of DM. This study intended to investigate the role of lncRNA plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) in rat insulinoma (INS-1) cells damaged by streptozotocin (STZ) and to identify the potential mechanisms. Firstly, PVT1 expression in INS-1 cells was assessed using RT-qPCR after STZ stimulation. After PVT1-knockdown, cell apoptosis, the contents of oxidative stress related markers, and changes in insulin secretion were detected. Results indicated that PVT1 was remarkably upregulated after STZ stimulation. PVT1-knockdown inhibited STZ-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of INS-1 cells. Moreover, the insulin secretory capacity was notably elevated following PVT1 silencing. Subsequently, a luciferase reporter assay verified that miR-181a-5p was directly targeted by PVT1. The rescue assays revealed that miR-181a-5p inhibitor dramatically abrogated the effects of PVT1 silencing on oxidative stress, apoptosis, and insulin secretion. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that PVT1-knockdown could ameliorate STZ-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis and elevate insulin secretory capacity in pancreatic ß cells by regulating miR-181a-5p, suggesting a promising biomarker in DM diagnosis and treatment.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/terapia , Terapia Genética , Secreción de Insulina/genética , Células Secretoras de Insulina/patología , MicroARNs/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Silenciador del Gen , Insulinoma/genética , MicroARNs/antagonistas & inhibidores , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Ratas
8.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 99(6): 635-643, 2021 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33201727

RESUMEN

Tyrosine kinases inhibitors (TKIs) may alter glycaemia and may be cardiotoxic with importance in the diabetic heart. We investigated the effect of multi-TKI crizotinib after short-term administration on metabolic modulators of the heart of diabetic rats. Experimental diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by streptozotocin (STZ; 80 mg·kg-1, i.p.), and controls (C) received vehicle. Three days after STZ, crizotinib (STZ+CRI; 25 mg·kg-1 per day p.o.) or vehicle was administered for 7 days. Blood glucose, C-peptide, and glucagon were assessed in plasma samples. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), cardiac glucose transporters, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) were determined in rat left ventricle by RT-qPCR method. Crizotinib moderately reduced blood glucose (by 25%, P < 0.05) when compared to STZ rats. The drug did not affect levels of C-peptide, an indicator of insulin secretion, suggesting altered tissue glucose utilization. Crizotinib had no impact on cardiac RTKs. However, an mRNA downregulation of insulin-dependent glucose transporter Glut4 in the hearts of STZ rats was attenuated after crizotinib treatment. Moreover, crizotinib normalized Ppard and reduced Pparg mRNA expression in diabetic hearts. Crizotinib decreased blood glucose independently of insulin and glucagon. This could be related to changes in regulators of cardiac metabolism such as GLUT4 and PPARs.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Animales , Glucemia , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4 , Ratas
9.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 98(7): 466-472, 2020 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32160476

RESUMEN

The glucose intolerance developed during pregnancy is called gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM has become a severe risk for the health of both mother and baby. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is the dominant active component in Astragalus membranaceus and has been reported to have anti-inflammation and immune-regulation function. We aimed to demonstrate the function of AS-IV in the therapy of GDM and the molecular mechanism in this process. C57BL/KsJ-Lepdb/+ female mice were used as the GDM model. The mRNA levels of relative genes in this research were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The protein levels of relative genes were analyzed by Western blot. Serum lipid level was measured with an ILab Chemistry Analyzer 300 PLUS. Glucose, insulin, and lipid profile levels in the GDM mice model were decreased by AS-IV treatment. AS-IV downregulated the expression of inflammatory genes and upregulated the expressions of anti-oxidant genes in the GDM mice model. AS-IV treatment reduced cAMP accumulation in liver and reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis in GDM mice. This study demonstrated that AS-IV treatment has an effective therapeutic function of GDM in a mice model through the regulation of cAMP accumulation and hepatic gluconeogenesis.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Gestacional/tratamiento farmacológico , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Gluconeogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Saponinas/farmacología , Triterpenos/farmacología , Administración Oral , Animales , Glucemia/análisis , Glucemia/metabolismo , AMP Cíclico/análisis , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Diabetes Gestacional/sangre , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Diabetes Gestacional/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Gluconeogénesis/genética , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Insulina/sangre , Insulina/metabolismo , Leptina/genética , Lípidos/sangre , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Metformina/farmacología , Metformina/uso terapéutico , Ratones , Ratones Transgénicos , Embarazo , Saponinas/uso terapéutico , Triterpenos/uso terapéutico
10.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 98(1): 6-14, 2020 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31518508

RESUMEN

The aim of the present study is to explore the effect of retinoic acid (RA) on cardiac injury induced by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM mice were given 3 mg/kg RA once daily until the 19th day of pregnancy or the 7th day of post-partum. Compared to normal control and normal pregnant control mice, GDM mice before and after delivery showed significantly cardiac injury. RA treatment attenuated cardiac injury as evidenced by decreased heart mass and left ventricular mass, mRNA expressions of ANP and BNP, and cardiac fibrosis compared with that in GDM mice. The protective effect of RA on GDM cardiomyopathy was related to the decreased MDA content and ROS generation, the increased GSH-Px and SOD content as well as the reduced TNF-α and IL-1ß content and inhibition of NF-κB signaling. In addition, RA treatment delayed the continuous rise of blood glucose before delivery and decreased the higher level of glucose after delivery. In conclusion, RA treatment could increase the activity of the antioxidant enzyme and suppress the oxidative stress, inflammation response, and activation of NF-κB signaling, thereby improving blood glucose level and cardiac injury of GDM mice before and after delivery.


Asunto(s)
Lesiones Cardíacas/tratamiento farmacológico , Lesiones Cardíacas/etiología , Hiperglucemia/complicaciones , Tretinoina/farmacología , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Diabetes Gestacional/fisiopatología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Lesiones Cardíacas/metabolismo , Ventrículos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Ventrículos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Inflamación/inmunología , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Embarazo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
11.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 98(8): 490-497, 2020 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32243773

RESUMEN

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that can generate tissue damage through several pathways. Alteration and dysfunction of skeletal muscle are reported including respiratory muscles, which may compromise respiratory parameters in diabetic patients. We have aimed to evaluate the diaphragm muscle contractility, tissue remodeling, oxidative stress, and inflammatory parameters from 30 day streptozotocin-treated rats. The diaphragm contractility was assessed using isolated muscle, tissue remodeling using histology and zymography techniques, and tissue oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters by enzyme activity assay. Our data revealed in the diabetes mellitus group an increase in maximum tetanic force (4.82 ± 0.13 versus 4.24 ± 0.18 N/cm2 (p = 0.015)) and fatigue resistance (139.16 ± 10.78 versus 62.25 ± 4.45 s (p < 0.001)), reduction of 35.4% in muscle trophism (p < 0.001), increase of 32.6% of collagen deposition (p = 0.007), reduction of 21.3% in N-acetylglucosaminidase activity (p < 0.001), and increase of 246.7% of catalase activity (p = 0.002) without changes in reactive oxygen species (p = 0.518) and tissue lipid peroxidation (p = 0.664). All observed changes are attributed to the poor glycemic control (471.20 ± 16.91 versus 80.00 ± 3.42 mg/dL (p < 0.001)), which caused defective tissue regeneration and increased catalase activity as a compensatory mechanism.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatología , Diafragma/fisiopatología , Contracción Muscular , Fatiga Muscular , Acetilglucosaminidasa/metabolismo , Animales , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
12.
Trop Med Int Health ; 24(1): 65-72, 2019 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30303580

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Diabetes is a major and fast-growing public health problem in Southeast Asia. We determined the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes and assessed the levels of awareness, treatment and control in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR). METHODS: A national cross-sectional study based on a stratified cluster random sampling was conducted in 2013. The sample comprised 2492 individuals aged 18-64 years (59.3% females; mean age 38.7 years, SD = 12.8) from Lao PDR. We followed the WHO STEPS method: step 1, questionnaire interview; step 2, anthropometric and Blood Pressure (BP) measurements; and step 3, biochemistry tests. Multinominal logistic regression was used to investigate the determinants of pre-diabetes and diabetes (fasting plasma glucose levels ≥ 7.0 mmol/L; or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs; or having a history of diagnosis of diabetes). RESULTS: 5.7% of the population had diabetes, 4.7% of men and 6.4% of women, and 2.3% had pre-diabetes, 1.8% of men and 2.6% of women. Only 14.1% of the population sample indicated that they had ever their blood glucose measured by a health-care worker. This was higher in urban (20.9%) than rural (10.9%) dwellers (P < 0.001), and among female (16.6%) than male (10.5%) participants (P < 0.001). Among those with diabetes, 58.1% were aware of their diabetes status, 40.3% were taking treatment and 10.9% had controlled diabetes. The factor independently associated with impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG) or pre-diabetes was central obesity (Adjusted Relative Risk Ratio-ARRR: 3.92, Confidence Interval-CI: 1.89, 8.14) but none of the other health (general body weight, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, substance use, hypertension and cholesterol) and sociodemographic (age, sex, education, employment status, marital status, ethno-linguistic group and residence status) variables. Factors independently associated with diabetes were older age (ARRR: 5.12, CI: 1.55, 10.20), central obesity (ARRR: 2.15, CI: 1.16, 4.00), low or moderate physical activity (ARRR: 0.75, CI: 0.60, 0.93), having hypertension (ARRR: 1.68, CI: 1.01, 2.83), and dyslipidaemia (ARRR: 1.75, CI: 1.08, 2.81). CONCLUSION: A public health response is needed in the form of integrated and comprehensive action targeting major non-communicable diseases in the country.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Estado de Salud , Estado Prediabético/epidemiología , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Comorbilidad , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Laos/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/complicaciones , Prevalencia , Distribución por Sexo , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adulto Joven
13.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 97(11): 1053-1063, 2019 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31116952

RESUMEN

Angiogenesis is regulated in a tissue-specific manner in all patients, especially those with diabetes. In this study, we describe a novel molecular pathway of angiogenesis regulation in diabetic rats with myocardial infarction (MI) and examine the cardioprotective effects of different doses of sitagliptin. Male rats were divided into 5 groups: normal vehicle group, diabetic group, diabetic + MI, diabetic + MI + 5 mg/kg sitagliptin, and diabetic + MI + 10 mg/kg sitagliptin. Isoproterenol in diabetic rats resulted in significant (p < 0.05) disturbance to the electrocardiogram, cardiac histopathological manifestations, and an increase in inflammatory markers compared with the vehicle and diabetic groups. Treatment with sitagliptin improved the electrocardiogram and histopathological sections, upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transmembrane phosphoglycoprotein protein (CD34) in cardiac tissues, and increased serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and decreased cardiac tissue homogenate for interleukin 6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). A relationship was found between serum IGF-1 and cardiac VEGF and CD34 accompanied by an improvement in cardiac function of diabetic rats with MI. Therefore, the observed effects of sitagliptin occurred at least partly through an improvement in angiogenesis and the mitigation of inflammation. Consequently, these data suggest that sitagliptin may contribute, in a dose-dependent manner, to protection against acute MI in diabetic individuals.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/prevención & control , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Fosfato de Sitagliptina/farmacología , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Enfermedad Aguda , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Electrocardiografía , Ventrículos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Ventrículos Cardíacos/patología , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Masculino , Infarto del Miocardio/complicaciones , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismo , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas
14.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 97(9): 893-901, 2019 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31295411

RESUMEN

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that causes severe complications. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate the influence of DM and folic acid treatment on liver and renal biomarkers, and heart remodeling through evaluation of cardiac matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. There were 4 groups: control (physiological saline 1 mL/kg, i.p., 28 days), DM (streptozotocin [STZ] 100 mg/kg in physiological saline, i.p., 1 day), folic acid (FA; 5 mg/kg, i.p., 28 days), and DM+FA (STZ 100 mg/kg, i.p., 1 day and folic acid 5 mg/kg, i.p., 28 days). Our results demonstrated increased aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity, urea and creatinine concentration, and decreased albumin and fibrinogen concentration in the DM group. MMP-2 relative activity was elevated in the DM and FA groups; MMP-9 was decreased in the DM and increased in the FA group. The folic acid treatment of diabetic rats did not change aminotransferase activity; it alleviated the increase in alkaline phosphatase and the decrease in albumin and fibrinogen concentration, and reduced MMP-2 activity; however, it increased urea and creatinine concentration. In conclusion, folic acid treatment of diabetic rats has cardio- and hepato-protective effects. However, its dosing should be carefully considered because of possible renal damage.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/enzimología , Ácido Fólico/farmacología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz/metabolismo , Miocardio/enzimología , Miocardio/patología , Animales , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patología , Ácido Fólico/administración & dosificación , Riñón/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
15.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 97(7): 661-674, 2019 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31157553

RESUMEN

Diabetes increases the sensitivity of myocardium to ischemic damage and impairs response of the myocardium to cardioprotective interventions. The present study aimed to elucidate the potential cardioprotective effect provided by ranolazine during myocardial infarction in nondiabetic and diabetic male rats. As AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been shown to be involved in the cellular response to ischemic injury, in this context, the present animal study evaluated the modulating role of ranolazine in the AMPK expression in isoprenaline-induced myocardial ischemic rat model. Male rats were divided into 2 experiments: experiment I and II (nondiabetic and diabetic rats) and assigned to normal control, saline control for isoprenaline, isoprenaline control, and ranolazine-treated groups. Ranolazine administration revealed effectiveness in attenuating the severity of isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury in both nondiabetic and diabetic rats as revealed by ECG signs, histopathological score, and apoptotic markers via abrogating the increments in the inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and modulating AMPK expression. Therefore, the current cardioprotective effect of ranolazine was, at least in part, mediated through inhibition of apoptosis and modulation of AMPK expression, encouraging considering the utility of ranolazine in protection from acute myocardial infarction.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Cardiotónicos/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Isoproterenol/efectos adversos , Infarto del Miocardio/patología , Ranolazina/farmacología , Enfermedad Aguda , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Electrocardiografía , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Masculino , Infarto del Miocardio/inducido químicamente , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar
16.
Trop Med Int Health ; 23(10): 1058-1070, 2018 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30062731

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of active TB in people with DM and the factors associated with this risk. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched the literature for studies that reported the effect of DM on TB controlled for the effect of age. Studies that had not established the diagnosis of DM prior to detecting active TB were excluded. Study quality was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa scale and we conducted a meta-analysis using random-effects models. RESULTS: Of 14 studies (eight cohort and six case-control studies) that involved 22 616 623 participants met the selection criteria and were included in the analysis. There was substantial variation between studies in the estimates of the effect of DM on TB. However, the pooled estimates from seven high-quality studies showed that diabetic people have a 1.5-fold increased risk of developing active TB vs. those without DM (95%CI 1.28-1.76), with relatively small heterogeneity (I2  = 44%). The increased risk of TB was observed predominantly among DM populations with poor glycaemic control. CONCLUSION: There is evidence suggesting an increased risk of developing TB among people with DM, and that improving glycaemic control in DM patients would reduce the risk of developing TB. An integrated approach is needed to control the dual burden of DM and TB.


Asunto(s)
Complicaciones de la Diabetes/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Tuberculosis/epidemiología , Causalidad , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperglucemia/epidemiología , Masculino , Factores de Riesgo , Tuberculosis Resistente a Múltiples Medicamentos/epidemiología
17.
Trop Med Int Health ; 23(10): 1118-1128, 2018 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30106222

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics and management of Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). METHODS: We systematically characterised consecutive DM patients attending public health services in urban settings in Indonesia, Peru, Romania and South Africa, collecting data on DM treatment history, complications, drug treatment, obesity, HbA1c and cardiovascular risk profile; and assessing treatment gaps against relevant national guidelines. RESULTS: Patients (median 59 years, 62.9% female) mostly had type 2 diabetes (96%), half for >5 years (48.6%). Obesity (45.5%) and central obesity (females 84.8%; males 62.7%) were common. The median HbA1c was 8.7% (72 mmol/mol), ranging from 7.7% (61 mmol/mol; Peru) to 10.4% (90 mmol/mol; South Africa). Antidiabetes treatment included metformin (62.6%), insulin (37.8%), and other oral glucose-lowering drugs (34.8%). Disease complications included eyesight problems (50.4%), EGFR <60 ml/min (18.9%), heart disease (16.5%) and proteinuria (14.7%). Many had an elevated cardiovascular risk with elevated blood pressure (36%), LDL (71.0%) and smoking (13%), but few were taking antihypertensive drugs (47.1%), statins (28.5%) and aspirin (30.0%) when indicated. Few patients on insulin (8.0%), statins (8.4%) and antihypertensives (39.5%) reached treatment targets according to national guidelines. There were large differences between countries in terms of disease profile and medication use. CONCLUSION: DM patients in government clinics in four LMIC with considerable growth of DM have insufficient glycaemic control, frequent macrovascular and other complications, and insufficient preventive measures for cardiovascular disease. These findings underline the need to identify treatment barriers and secure optimal DM care in such settings.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención Primaria de Salud/organización & administración , Adulto , Atención Ambulatoria/organización & administración , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Gobierno Federal , Femenino , Investigación sobre Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Indonesia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Perú , Factores de Riesgo , Rumanía , Sudáfrica
18.
Trop Med Int Health ; 23(7): 738-747, 2018 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29723920

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, cardiovascular risk factors and cerebro-cardiovascular (CCV) disease. METHODS: The source of data was the Egypt Health Issues Survey conducted in 2015. Participants were 11 256 individuals with complete HCV testing, age 25-59 years. Data on demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, CCV disease (myocardial infarction and/or cerebral stroke) and HCV infection were retrieved. Descriptive, bivariate, multivariable logistic regression and sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the independent association of past HCV exposure or chronic infection with diabetes, hypertension and CCV disease. RESULTS: 3.9% of participants were antibody positive/RNA negative and considered to have past HCV exposure; 7.9% had detectable HCV-RNA and were considered to have chronic infection. Participants with negative antibodies and no history of liver disease (n = 9928) were the control group. In addition to the previously known risk factors, multivariable analyses revealed that diabetes was independently associated with past HCV exposure (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.27-2.32) and HCV chronic infection (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.23-1.97), whereas CCV disease was independently associated with past exposure (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.62-4.46) and not with chronic infection. No evidence of an association between hypertension and either HCV status was found. CONCLUSION: The association of both past HCV exposure and chronic infection with diabetes and that of past HCV exposure with CCV disease may suggest targeting HCV-positive reactors for preventive and curative programmes addressing extrahepatic complications.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/epidemiología , Hepatitis C Crónica/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/complicaciones , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/complicaciones , Niño , Preescolar , Egipto/epidemiología , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis C/sangre , Hepatitis C Crónica/sangre , Hepatitis C Crónica/complicaciones , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo
19.
Trop Med Int Health ; 23(2): 236-242, 2018 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29178236

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) as well as acceptability of returning for glucose tolerance testing among pregnant women in Moshi municipality, northern Tanzania. METHODS: Cross-sectional study from October 2015 to April 2016 among women with gestation age of 24-28 weeks of pregnancy attending at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) referral hospital, Majengo and Pasua Health Centres. Women were interviewed and requested to return the next day (window within a month, depending on gestational age) for fasting plasma glucose (FPG) testing, followed immediately by a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). GDM was diagnosed using the 2013 WHO criteria. Logistic regression was conducted to reveal independent predictors for GDM. RESULTS: Of 433 interviewed women, 100 (23%) did not return for FPG and OGTT testing. The prevalence of GDM among the 333 screened women was 19.5%, and 3% had diabetes in pregnancy (DIP). GDM was significantly associated with age ≥35 years (adjusted OR 6.75), pre-pregnancy obesity (AOR 2.22) and history of abortion (AOR 2.36). CONCLUSION: Prevalence of GDM is high in Moshi. We recommend introduction of routine screening for hyperglycaemia during pregnancy along with strategies for follow-up to prevent long-term effects of GDM and DIP in women and their children.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiología , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa/estadística & datos numéricos , Tamizaje Masivo/organización & administración , Atención Prenatal/organización & administración , Adulto , Glucemia/análisis , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Tanzanía , Adulto Joven
20.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 96(8): 710-718, 2018 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29510081

RESUMEN

Type I diabetes (TID) is generally assumed to be caused by an immune associated, if not directly immune-mediated, destruction of pancreatic ß-cells. In patients with long-term diabetes, the pancreas lacks insulin-producing cells and the residual ß-cells are unable to regenerate. Patients with TID are subjected to a lifelong insulin therapy which shows risks of hypoglycemia, suboptimal control and ketosis. In this study, we investigated the potential role of vildagliptin (Vilda) alone or in combination with pioglitazone (Pio), as treatment regimens for TID using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced TID model in rats. Daily oral administration of Vilda (5 mg/kg) alone or in combination with Pio (20 mg/kg) for 7 weeks significantly reduced blood glucose levels and HbA1c. It increased serum insulin levels and decreased serum glucagon. It also showed a strong antioxidant activity. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a marked improvement in ß-cells in treated groups when compared with the diabetic group, which appeared in the normal cellular and architecture restoration of ß-cells in the islets of Langerhans. Vilda alone or in combination with Pio has the ability to improve the overall glycemic control in type I diabetic rats and may be considered a hopeful and effective remedy for TID.


Asunto(s)
Adamantano/análogos & derivados , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamiento farmacológico , Nitrilos/uso terapéutico , Pirrolidinas/uso terapéutico , Tiazolidinedionas/uso terapéutico , Adamantano/uso terapéutico , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/patología , Quimioterapia Combinada , Glucagón/sangre , Glutatión/metabolismo , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Insulina/sangre , Masculino , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Páncreas/enzimología , Páncreas/patología , Pioglitazona , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Estreptozocina , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Vildagliptina
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