Professional development and academic satisfaction from a wound programme in Latin America: 10 years of experience.

OBJECTIVE: Latin America had only one Spanish-speaking postgraduate academic programme on managing wounds and ostomies until 2021. Since then, two more programmes have been developed; one in Colombia and another in Mexico. Therefore, studying alumni outcomes becomes highly relevant. We aimed to describe the alumni's professional development and academic satisfaction from a Wound, Ostomy and Burn Therapy postgraduate programme in Mexico City, Mexico. METHOD: An electronic survey was sent to all alumni from January-July 2019 from the School of Nursing of Universidad Panamericana. Employability, academic development and satisfaction following completion of the academic programme were evaluated. RESULTS: From 88 respondents, 77 of whom were nurses, 86 (97.7%) answered that they were working, and 86.4% were working in an area related to the studied programme. Regarding general satisfaction, 88% were totally satisfied/satisfied with the programme and 93.2% would recommend it. CONCLUSION: Alumni from the Wound, Ostomy and Burn Therapy postgraduate programme are satisfied with the academic curriculum and have good professional development, demonstrated by a high employment rate.

Development and validation of a structured feedback questionnaire from postgraduates on various elements of postgraduate medical curriculum.

BACKGROUND: Medical Council of India, introduced the Post Graduate (PG) curriculum as 'Competency Based Medical Education' (CBME). Feedback from the end users is a vital step in curriculum evaluation. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to develop and validate a Structured Feedback Questionnaire (SFQ) for postgraduates, encompassing all the components of the PG-CBME curriculum. METHODS: SFQ was developed with 23 Likert based questions and four open ended questions. Content validation was done by Lawshe method. After getting institutional ethics clearance and informed consent, SFQ was administered to 121 final year PGs (response rate 100%). We performed Principal component analysis (PCA), Structural equation modeling (SEM), Chi squared test (χ2/df); goodness-of-fit index (GFI); adjusted GFI; comparative fit index (CFI) and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Cronbach's alpha was done for estimating the internal consistency. RESULTS: The validation resulted in a three-factor model comprising of "curriculum" (42.1%), "assessment" (28%), and "support" (18.5%). Chi squared test (χ2/df ratio) < 2, CFI (0.78), GFI (0.72) and RMSEA (0.09) indicated superior goodness of fit for the three-factor model for the sample data. All the extracted factors had good internal consistency of ≥0.9. CONCLUSION: We believe that this 23 item SFQ is a valid and reliable tool which can be utilized for curriculum evaluation and thereby formulating recommendations to modify the existing curriculum wherever required, facilitating enriched program outcomes.

Specialty choice determinants among Mexican medical students: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The choice of medical specialty is related to multiple factors, students' values, and specialty perceptions. Research in this area is needed in low- and middle-income countries, where the alignment of specialty training with national healthcare needs has a complex local interdependency. The study aimed to identify factors that influence specialty choice among medical students. METHODS: Senior students at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) Faculty of Medicine answered a questionnaire covering demographics, personal experiences, vocational features, and other factors related to specialty choice. Chi-square tests and factor analyses were performed. RESULTS: The questionnaire was applied to 714 fifth-year students, and 697 provided complete responses (response rate 81%). The instrument Cronbach's alpha was 0.8. The mean age was 24 ± 1 years; 65% were women. Eighty percent of the students wanted to specialize, and 60% had participated in congresses related to the specialty of interest. Only 5% wanted to remain as general practitioners. The majority (80%) wanted to enter a core specialty: internal medicine (29%), general surgery (24%), pediatrics (11%), gynecology and obstetrics (11%) and family medicine (4%). The relevant variables for specialty choice were grouped in three dimensions: personal values that develop and change during undergraduate training, career needs to be satisfied, and perception of specialty characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Specialty choice of medical students in a middle-income country public university is influenced by the undergraduate experience, the desire to study a subspecialty and other factors (including having skills related to the specialty and type of patients).

The potential of interprofessional education to translate physiology curricula effectively into future team-based healthcare.

Incorporating active interprofessional education (IPE) opportunities into the classroom setting is a potentially effective mechanism to enhance student learning both in the basic sciences and for future interprofessional collaboration. We integrated an IPE exercise into a graduate-level human physiology course at our health sciences center that enrolled physician assistant (PA), physical therapy (PT), and graduate studies students. Our activity adopted and targeted the four Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) competency domains of values/ethics (VE), roles/responsibilities, interprofessional communication, and teams and teamwork (TT). Effectiveness of the training exercise was determined via pre- and postsurveys, which assessed student self-perceptions of IPEC competency domains, as well as student reflections and evaluations of the exercise itself. We noted a significant improvement in each of the targeted IPEC subcompetencies among all of the students, and within both PT and PA groups when analyzed separately. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the number of previous IPE experiences and presurvey IPEC VE and TT subcompetency ratings. Our discoveries provide an example of broad acquisition of IPE learning within the context of a physiology curriculum. Perhaps more importantly, our findings indicate that a history of IPE training sets the stage for future IPE learning, reflecting a potential for IPE to transform basic physiological principles into team-based practice and improvement in patient outcomes.

Development and testing of an analytic rubric for a master's course systematic review of the literature: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Conducting grading of systematic reviews in master's level programs of health sciences education is a complex process. Students conduct systematic reviews under the supervision of course faculty in seminar groups where both draft version and definite version of the literature review are graded/assessed. The aim of this study was to develop a systematic review of the literature rubric (SRL-rubric) for the evaluation of systematic reviews in the course of SRL in a master's Program of Health Care Sciences and to investigate students and faculty experiences with and the usability of the SRL-rubric. Methods: The SRL-rubric was developed using a seven-step approach. Usability was investigated with cross-sectional survey. Results: The SRL-rubric included nine categories and five proficiency levels. Fifty-two of 59 students and all six faculty members at Utrecht University Program of Health Care Sciences completed the survey. Students rated the ease of working with the rubric with an average 6.6 (10-point scale). Faculty ratings ranged from 7 to 9. Problems were identified with distinction among cells describing proficiency levels and final grading. Discussion: A structured process focused on the requisite actions to develop the SRL-rubric. It was useful in writing and grading systematic reviews. However, some students indicated that they missed specific feedback and suggestions describing how to improve their weaknesses. Further development and research is needed to enhance grading reliability of SLR-rubric and to establish content validity and maintain consistency with criteria for conducting and reporting reviews.

Quality of supervision: postgraduate dental research trainees' perspectives.

INTRODUCTION: Supervision is a pillar in enhancing the student's learning environment throughout her/his higher education. Multiple studies qualify graduate supervision among the most important contributors to the successful completion of a higher education degree and to graduate students' positive academic experience. The aim of this study was to assess the views of graduate students enrolled in the Dental Sciences and Craniofacial Research Graduate Programs at McGill University (n = 64) regarding the quality of supervision they are receiving. METHODS AND MATERIALS: An online questionnaire composed of 22 open and closed-ended format items was used and covered five domains: student profile, supervisory relationship, conflict resolution, student progress/thesis writing and career development. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and interpretative qualitative analysis were used to evaluate students' perspectives. RESULTS: Fifty-nine students completed the survey (92.2%). The distribution of sample in regard to the graduate student level was almost identical (M.Sc. level n = 28, Ph.D. n = 31). Overall, most graduate students appeared satisfied with the supervision they received and had similar perspectives about the surveyed domains. There was one statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between MSc and PhD students when asked if their supervisors aided them in career development outside the supervisory relationship, where 77.4% (n = 24) of doctoral students agreed as opposed to 21.4% (n = 12) of Masters' students. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that McGill graduate students appeared to be overall satisfied with the supervision they received. The main elements contributing to a positive supervision experience were support, guidance, availability and good communication between supervisees and supervisors.

Lessons from a red squirrel, mentors, and the pathway to success.

In this article I will review my personal career path starting with how a red squirrel got me interested in research, and the vital role that mentors played in my pathway to success - a pathway that taught me many lessons that I would like to share with the reader, particularly graduate students and post-doctoral fellows who are just starting down their own unique pathways.

Identification of critical industry skills in an industrial hygiene graduate training program.

Graduates of industrial hygiene training (IH) programs must be able to meet continuously evolving health and safety needs in a wide variety of occupational settings. Therefore, academic IH graduate programs must regularly evaluate their curricula and solicit input from industry professionals to make curricular changes that will better prepare their students for professional roles in industry. The purpose of this study was to identify the training gaps that existed between industry needs and the current curriculum for a United States-accredited IH graduate training program. The research team facilitated two group interviews with the IH program advisory board, collected alumni survey data, and performed a qualitative analysis to identify skills gaps/needs for the IH Program graduates. The research team identified 3 themes from participant interviews and alumni surveys (technical, applied, and essential skills) and selected several skills within each theme that interview participants thought were necessary proficiencies for junior IH professionals. The skills identified in the qualitative interview and survey data can be incorporated into the curriculum to improve the training of IH graduate students. Additionally, by using qualitative analysis, the researchers uncovered essential skills previously unidentified in IH needs assessments, providing valuable information for all IH graduate programs.

Work-life balance and online student engagement among registered nurses enrolled in online graduate nursing education: a mixed methods study.

BACKGROUND: There is a growing number of online nursing graduate degree programs to address the professional development needs of working nurses. Work-related antecedents of online student engagement in graduate nursing studies are under-explored in the literature. AIM: The aim of the study is to examine the relationship among demographic and work characteristics, work-life balance (WLB), and online student engagement (OSE) among registered nurses enrolled in online graduate studies. METHODS: This study design is convergent-parallel mixed methods, utilizing a survey approach to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. The target population is students of an online Master of Arts in Nursing program at a university in Cabanatuan City, Philippines. Respondents were recruited via email. Google Forms were used for data collection. Non-parametric, inferential statistical tests were used to examine relationships among variables. Inductive qualitative content analysis was used to draw insights from open-ended responses. RESULTS: A total of 173 graduate students responded to the survey. Quantitative results indicate high levels of WLB (Mdn = 4.8, IQR = 1.5) and OSE (Mdn = 3.7-4.0, IQR = 0.5-1.0). WLB was significantly lower among females (U = 3297.5, p < 0.01). Emotion OSE was significantly higher for respondents with managerial positions (U = 2987.5, p < 0.05). WLB had significant low to moderate positive correlations with the domains of OSE (r = 0.22 to 0.32, p < 0.01). Qualitative findings reveal various appraisals of online learning and factors influencing work-life-study balance, such as work, personal life, and school. CONCLUSION: Work-life balance facilitates better online student engagement among graduate nursing students and is influenced by time management, work (i.e. job environment and stressors), personal (i.e. home life and leisure activities), and university factors (i.e. curriculum, modality, and professors). IMPACT STATEMENT: Empirical evidence on the link between WLB and OSE can inform graduate nursing academics in developing initiatives to ensure the timely completion of the degree program.

Saudi nursing students' graduate program experiences from reality shock to reaching desired outcomes: A qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Graduate students across disciplines encounter countless academic, social, individual, and financial challenges. Research in nursing has shown that nursing students have trouble during their graduate studies. However, this phenomenon has not yet been explored in Saudi Arabia. PURPOSE: To explore the obstacles faced by graduate nursing students; assess the effects of these difficulties on their academic, social, and psychological life; determine how the students overcame these challenges; and recognize their needs throughout the graduate program. METHODS: We used a qualitative descriptive method to interview 14 graduate nursing students from various graduate programs in Saudi Arabia. All interviews were conducted on Zoom platform and were audio recorded. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The findings revealed that graduate nursing students went through three particular stages during the program. These were reality shock, accepting challenges, and reaching desired outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings will help decision makers in supporting and designing programs that facilitate graduate students' experiences. It will also help in improving the quality of graduate programs, by attracting and retaining more Saudis to pursue their graduate studies.

Use of Service Learning to Increase Master's-Level Nursing Students' Understanding of Social Determinants of Health and Health Disparities.

INTRODUCTION: It is important for graduate-level nursing students to be competent in the issues involved in the social determinants of health and health disparities and have the tools to address them as graduates. METHOD: As part of a nursing workforce diversity program, master's-level nursing students were required to participate in a service learning project exposing them to an issue not directly linked to health-long bus rides for students as a result of school consolidations-to achieve educational goals and objectives while providing a service to an advocacy agency. RESULTS: Eighteen students completed the project, providing the advocacy agency with firsthand accounts about the impact of long bus rides and in-depth reviews of literature on the topic and laws and regulations of other states. CONCLUSION: These results further support providing nursing students opportunities to fully engage with multicultural communities to gain a broader understanding of health disparities and social determinants of health.

Motivos para el ingreso en el posgrado stricto sensu - una investigación con estudiantes de una IES pública / Motivos para o ingresso na pós-graduação stricto sensu - uma pesquisa com estudantes de uma ies pública / Reasons for entering the stricto sensu postgraduate course - a survey with students from a public hei

No mundo gerido pelas relações de trabalho, a escolha por realizar um curso após a conclusão da graduação vislumbra possíveis perspectivas em termos profissionais. Fundamentada na Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, a pesquisa aqui apresentada teve como objetivo conhecer os motivos relatados por estudantes de pós-graduação stricto sensu da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) para o ingresso no curso. De caráter quali-quanti, o estudo envolveu aplicação de questionário on-line, pela Plataforma SurveyMonkey, respondido por 374 estudantes de 36 programas de mestrado e doutorado. A análise de dados foi realizada por meio do Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) e da análise de conteúdo e propiciou a organização das respostas em quatro eixos de análise: a) Carreira acadêmica; b) Qualificação profissional para inserção no mercado de trabalho e aumento salarial; c) Aprofundar conhecimentos / Pesquisa, d) Questões pessoais/ Falta de opção. Os processos de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento precisam ser compreendidos e mediados por ações pedagógicas intencionalmente elaboradas e destinadas a esse público na universidade. Além disso, o motivo gerador de sentido para a realização de um mestrado ou doutorado precisa vincular-se ao significado social da pós-graduação de modo ampliado, visando à formação e à emancipação humana.

En el mundo dirigido por las relaciones de trabajo, la elección por realizar un curso tras la conclusión de la graduación vislumbra posibles perspectivas en términos profesionales. Fundamentada en la Psicología Histórico-cultural, la investigación aquí presentada tuvo como objetivo conocer los motivos relatados por estudiantes de posgrado stricto sensu de la Universidad Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) para el ingreso en el curso. De carácter cuali-cuanti, el estudio abarcó aplicación de cuestionario on-line, por la Plataforma SurveyMonkey, contestado por 374 estudiantes de 36 programas de maestría y doctorado. El análisis de datos se realizó por intermedio del Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) y del análisis de contenido y propició la organización de las respuestas en cuatro ejes de análisis: a) Carrera académica; b) Cualificación profesional para inserción en el mercado laboral y aumento salarial; c) Profundizar conocimientos / Pesquisa, d) Cuestiones personales/ Falta de opción. Los procesos de aprendizaje y desarrollo necesitan ser comprendidos y mediados por acciones pedagógicas intencionalmente elaboradas y destinadas a ese público en la universidad. Además de eso, el motivo generador de sentido para la realización de un curso de maestría o doctorado necesita vincularse al significado social del posgrado de modo ampliado, visando la formación y a la emancipación humana.

In the world managed by labor relations, choosing to take a course after completing graduation envisions possible perspectives in professional terms. Based on Historical-Cultural Psychology, the research presented here aimed to know the reasons reported by stricto sensu graduate students at the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) for entering the course. It is a quali-quanti nature study, which involved the application of an online questionnaire, through the SurveyMonkey Platform, answered by 374 students from 36 master's and doctoral programs. Data analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and content analysis and allowed the organization of responses into four axes of analysis: a) Academic career; b) Professional qualification for insertion in the labor market and salary increase; c) Deepening knowledge / Research, d) Personal issues / Lack of options. The learning and development processes need to be understood and mediated by pedagogical actions intentionally designed and aimed at this public at the university. In addition, the reason that generates meaning for pursuing a master's or doctorate needs to be linked to the social meaning of postgraduate studies in an expanded way, aiming at training and human emancipation.

Elements of interprofessional education in the curriculum of multiprofessional residency programs in health: a documentary study / Elementos de la educación interprofesional en los planes de estudios de los programas de residencia multiprofesionales en salud: estudio documental / Elementos da educação interprofissional no currículo das residências multiprofissionais em saúde: estudo documental

ABSTRACT Objective: to examine the interprofessional education elements present in the integrated curricula of the Multiprofessional Residency Programs in Health in the cities from inland Rio Grande do Norte. Method: a documentary research study based on the analysis of three Pedagogical Course Projects with a quantitative approach. The data were extracted with the aid of an adapted instrument, processed in the Iramuteq software, presented in charts and in a dendrogram and analyzed by thematic categories and interpretively. Results: the text corpus was built from the organization of all the information through the adapted instrument and subsequently analyzed in Iramuteq through Descending Hierarchical Classification. The emergence of two main classes was identified: Class 3, which was subdivided into classes 1 and 2; and Class 4. From the keywords found in the dendrogram corresponding to each Class and their statistical similarity, it was possible to organize the classes into analysis categories, as follows: Class 3 - Interprofessional Education: Actors, contexts and strategies; and Class 4 - Methodological and evaluative strategies for building interprofessional competencies and skills. Through the Pedagogical Course Projects, a training process that values the development of competencies for teamwork, interprofessional and comprehensive care is indicated, based on the guiding principles of interprofessional education. Conclusion: there is an effort by the pedagogical projects to point to an integrated curriculum based on Interprofessional Education since, in their theoretical framework, they contribute fundamental principles for developing the teaching-learning process.

RESUMEN Objetivo: examinar los elementos de la educación interprofesional presentes en los planes de estudios integrados de los Programas de Residencia Multiprofesionales en Salud en las ciudades del interior do Rio Grande do Norte. Método: investigación documental a partir del análisis de tres Proyectos Pedagógicos de Carreras Universitarias con enfoque cuantitativo. Los datos se extrajeron con la ayuda de un instrumento adaptado, se los procesó en el programa de software Iramuteq, se presentaron en forma de cuadros y de dendrograma y se los analizó por categorías temáticas y en forma interpretativa. Resultados: el corpus de texto se elaboró a partir de organizar toda la información en el instrumento adaptado e, inmediatamente después, se lo analizó en Iramuteq por medio de Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente. Se identificaron dos clases principales: a Clase 3, que se subdividió en las clases 1 y 2; y Clase 4. A partir de las palabras clave presentes en el dendrograma de cada Clase y su similitud estadística, fue posible organizar las clases en categorías de análisis, a saber: Clase 3 - Educación interprofesional: Actores, contextos y estrategias; y Clase 4 - Estrategias metodológicas y evaluativas para desarrollar competencias y habilidades interprofesionales. A través de los Proyectos Pedagógicos de Carreras Universitarias, se señala un proceso formativo que valoriza el desarrollo de competencias para trabajo en equipo, interprofesional y cuidado integral, a partir de principios guía de la educación interprofesional. Conclusión: los proyectos pedagógicos se esfuerzan por indicar el camino a un plan de estudios integrado y fundamentado en la Educación Interprofesional, puesto que incluyen principios fundamentales para desarrollar el proceso de en enseñanza-aprendizaje en su marco teórico.

RESUMO Objetivo: examinar os elementos da educação interprofissional presentes nos currículos integrados das Residências Multiprofissionais em Saúde nas cidades do interior do Rio Grande do Norte. Método: pesquisa documental a partir da análise de três Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados de novembro de 2022 a janeiro de 2023 e extraídos com auxílio de um instrumento adaptado, processados no software Iramuteq, apresentados em quadros, dendograma e analisados por categorias temáticas e interpretativamente. Resultados: o corpus textual foi construído a partir da organização das informações através do instrumento adaptado e, logo após, analisado no Iramuteq por meio de Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Identificou-se o surgimento de duas classes principais: a Classe 3, que se subdividiu em classe 1 e 2; e a Classe 4. A partir das palavras-chaves presentes no dendrograma de cada Classe e sua similaridade estatística, foi possível organizar as classes em categorias de análises, sendo: Classe 3 - Educação interprofissional: Atores, contextos e estratégias; e Classe 4 - Estratégias metodológicas e avaliativas para a construção de competências e habilidades interprofissionais. Indica-se, através dos Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso, um processo formativo que valoriza a construção de competências para um trabalho em equipe, interprofissional e cuidado integral, a partir de princípios norteadores da educação interprofissional. Conclusão: há um esforço dos projetos pedagógicos em apontar para um currículo integrado fundamentado em Educação Interprofissional, visto que trazem, em seu arcabouço teórico, princípios fundamentais para o desenvolvimento do processo ensino-aprendizagem.

Autoeficácia e síndrome do impostor em pós-graduandos: um retrato da pandemia da covid-19 / Self-efficacy and impostor syndrome in graduate students: a portrayal of covid-19 pandemic

O isolamento social recomendado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, durante o período de pandemia da COVID-19, pode elevar os níveis de ansiedade e estresse nos estudantes, afetando assim sua produtividade. O objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em avaliar os níveis de autoeficácia e de Síndrome do Impostor em estudantes de Pós-Graduação stricto sensu, durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Tratou-se de um estudo de caráter quantitativo no qual 200 estudantes de Pós-graduação stricto sensu responderam um formulário online que contemplava: um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala Síndrome do Impostor de Clance e a Escala de Autoeficácia no Ensino Superior. Verificou-se que as duas escalas apresentaram correlação estatisticamente significante e inversamente proporcional, ou seja, quanto maiores os níveis de Autoeficácia, menores os níveis da Síndrome do Impostor. Os pós-graduandos, em relação à Autoeficácia, se autoavaliaram em níveis altos a elevados, em sua maioria. Por sua vez, na Síndrome do Impostor, os respondentes avaliaram-se nos níveis alto ou moderado.

The social isolation recommended by the World Health Organization, during the COVID-19 pandemic, can raise levels of anxiety and stress in students, which affect their productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of self-efficacy and the Impostor Syndrome in stricto sensu graduate students, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was a quantitative study that had as participants a convenience sample comprised of 200 stricto sensu graduate students. The participants answered an online form that included a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale, and the Self-efficacy Scale in higher education. It was verified that the two scales presented statistically significant and inversely proportional correlation, that is, the higher the levels of Self-efficacy, the lower the levels of Impostor Syndrome. Postgraduates, in relation to Self-efficacy, assessed themselves at high to higher levels, mostly. In turn, in Impostor Syndrome, the respondents evaluated themselves at high or moderate levels.

Travel as a Transformational Spiritual Event.

There is a philosophical connection between elements of travel and elements of spirituality. Nurses can develop spiritual intelligence, hone transcultural skills, and develop cultural humility through travel. Concepts of spiritual intelligence are incorporated to distinguish spirituality from religion. This discussion is to describe the spiritual attributes of travel through exploration of unique cultural sameness and differences, stepping out of one's routine, experiences of solitude, and the application to nursing. Venues such as study abroad, mission trips, cultural exchange opportunities, and service learning projects all can provide meaningful times of transformation, spiritual growth, learning new ways of doing things, and of being in the world. Nurses who integrate these practices into the care they provide daily will be enriched personally and rewarded with improved outcomes.

Affirmative action for Brazilian graduate programs: patterns of institutional change / Acción afirmativa en programas de posgrado en Brasil: patrones de cambio institucional / Ação afirmativa em programas de pós-graduação no Brasil: padrões de mudança institucional

Abstract Since 2002, some Brazilian public universities have started adopting affirmative action for admission in graduate programs. This article explains how affirmative action changed admission processes in graduate processes based on (a) an analysis of the selection notices of graduate programs offered in public universities published until January 2018, (b) documents from the programs, and (c) semi-structured interviews with coordinators of graduate programs. The results show that, in most programs, admission processes did not change based on affirmative action. Some programs recognized the obstacles faced by vulnerable groups in accessing graduate programs and altered their procedures. Based on the institutional change typology of Mahoney and Thelen (2010), the analysis points out that more profound change is due to endogenous and incremental processes. The main factor contributing to the modification of the admission criteria is the program's field of knowledge.

Resumen Desde 2002, los programas de posgrado en las universidades públicas brasileñas han comenzado a adoptar acciones afirmativas para sus procesos de admisión. Este artículo tiene como objetivo explicar cómo la creación de acciones afirmativas resultó en un cambio en los procesos de selección de candidatos. Este artículo utilizará (a) un análisis de los anuncios de selección de programas académicos de posgrado de universidades públicas publicados hasta enero de 2018, (b) documentos puestos a disposición por los programas y (c) entrevistas semiestructuradas con los coordinadores del programa. En la mayoría de los programas, la creación de acciones afirmativas no resultó en un cambio en el proceso de selección. Algunos programas consideraron los obstáculos que enfrentan los grupos vulnerables para acceder a la escuela de posgrado y modificaron sus procedimientos. Basado en el tipo de cambio institucional de Mahoney y Thelen (2010), el análisis señala que los cambios más profundos se deben a procesos endógenos e incrementales. El principal factor que contribuyó a la modificación de los criterios de admisión es el área de conocimiento de los programas.

Resumo Desde 2002, programas de pós-graduação de universidades públicas brasileiras começaram a adotar ações afirmativas para seus processos de admissão. Este artigo tem como objetivo explicar como a criação de ações afirmativas resultou na mudança nos processos seletivos de candidatos. Este artigo utilizará (a) uma análise dos editais de seleção de programas de pós-graduação acadêmicos de universidades públicas publicados até janeiro de 2018, (b) documentos disponibilizados pelos programas e (c) entrevistas semiestruturadas com os coordenadores dos programas. Na maioria dos programas, a criação de ação afirmativa não resultou em alteração no processo seletivo. Alguns programas consideraram os obstáculos enfrentados pelos grupos vulneráveis no acesso à pós-graduação e alteraram seus procedimentos. Com base na tipologia de mudança institucional de Mahoney e Thelen (2010), a análise aponta que mudanças mais profundas se devem a processos endógenos e incrementais. O principal fator que contribuiu para a modificação dos critérios de admissão é a área do conhecimento dos programas.

Política de ação afirmativa na pós-graduação: o caso das universidades públicas / Política de acción afirmativa en el postgrado: el caso de las universidades públicas / Politique daction positive dans les deuxième et troisième cycles: le cas des universités publiques / Affirmative action policy in graduate studies: the case of public universities

Resumo A pós-graduação brasileira é marcada por intensas desigualdades regionais, étnico-raciais e econômicas, o que ensejou a criação de ações afirmativas em prol de estudantes pertencentes a grupos dela historicamente excluídos. O artigo apresenta resultados do processo de criação de ações afirmativas em cursos de pós-graduação acadêmicos (mestrado e doutorado) de universidades públicas. A pesquisa baseou-se na análise dos editais de seleção de 2.763 programas de pós-graduação acadêmicos de universidades públicas divulgados de janeiro de 2002 a janeiro de 2018. Os dados coletados apontam para uma difusão significativa desse tipo de política nos últimos quatro anos, com 26,4% dos programas tendo algum tipo de ação afirmativa em janeiro de 2018.

Resumen El postgrado en Brasil se caracteriza por intensas desigualdades regionales, étnico-raciales y económicas, lo que llevó a la creación de acciones afirmativas en pro de los estudiantes que pertenecen a grupos históricamente excluidos del mismo. El artículo presenta resultados del proceso de creación de acciones afirmativas en cursos de postgrado académicos (maestría y doctorado) de universidades públicas. La investigación se basó en el análisis de los edictos de selección de 2.763 programas de postgrado académicos de universidades públicas divulgados desde enero de 2002 a enero de 2018. Los datos recogidos señalan una significativa difusión de este tipo de política durante los últimos cuatro años, en los cuales un 26,4% de los programas pasó a poseer algún tipo de acción afirmativa en enero de 2018.

Résumé Les deuxième et troisième cycles brésiliens sont marqués par de fortes inégalités régionales, ethniques/raciales et économiques ayant conduit à la mise en oeuvre d'actions positives en faveur d'étudiants appartenant à des groupes qui en étaient historiquement exclus. Cet article présente les résultats du processus de mise en place d'actions positives au niveau master et doctorat dans des universités publiques. La recherche s'est appuyée sur l'analyse des appels à candidatures pour 2.763 programmes de deuxième et troisièmes cycles d'universités publiques, publiés entre janvier 2002 et janvier 2018. Les données recueillies indiquent une expansion importante de ce type de politique au cours des quatre dernières années, avec 26,4% des programmes engagés dans une forme d'action positive en janvier 2018.

Abstract Brazilian graduate studies are marked by intense regional, ethnic-racial and economic inequalities, which led to the creation of affirmative action programs for students belonging to historically excluded groups. This paper analyses the process of creation of affirmative action in graduate courses (master's and doctorate) from public universities. The database was made of the application guides published by 2,763 academic graduate programs in public universities, from January 2002 to January 2018. We found a significant diffusion of these policies in the last 4 years. As of January, 2018, 26.4% of the graduate programs had some kind of affirmative action program.

Similaridades e diferenças entre o Mestrado Acadêmico e o Mestrado Profissional enquanto política pública de formação no campo da Saúde Pública / Similarities and diferences between Academic and Professional Master Programs as Educational Public Policy in the field of Public Health

Resumo Ao buscar uma especificidade para o Mestrado Profissional (MP) em Saúde Pública, interrogamos, o que ele, ao se instituir, procurou do ponto de vista de seus meios e finalidades, conservar ou romper com os modelos de formação dos Mestrados Acadêmicos (MA). No campo da Saúde Pública, o tema ganha outros temperos se considerarmos que tanto o MP quanto o MA preservam na finalidade a formação para o Sistema Único de Saúde. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa buscou investigar a vocação heurística e inovadora do MP face ao MA como uma política pública de formação. Em uma perspectiva comparada, analisamos as principais características dos cursos de MP em saúde pública, frente ao processo de flexibilização da pós-graduação brasileira que o diferencia do MA, e discutimos se essas características tornam o MP uma política pública de formação. Na análise dos dados utilizamos o método da Análise de Conteúdo. Concluímos que as instituições de ensino tendem a reproduzir o modelo de formação do MA no MP e a expectativa de tornar o serviço de saúde matéria e motivo para a formação não é suficiente para distinguir ambas modalidades.

Abstract In the attempt to find a specificity for the Professional Master Program in Public Health (PM), we asked, what is, from the point of view of its means and purposes, kept or broke from the training models of the Academic (traditional) Masters Program (AM). In the public health field, this discussion possess an extra "flavor", as both program aim, in Brazil, to prepare health professionals to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS). Therefore, this research sought to investigate the heuristic and innovative vocation of the PM vis-à-vis the AM as an education public policy. From a comparative approach, we analyzed the main characteristics and differences among AM and PM, face the flexibilization process of graduate programs in Brazil, and discussed if these features would characterize the PM into an educational public policy. Data was analyzed by the Content Analysis method. We conclude that educational institutions tend to reproduce the AM training model in the PM and the expectation of making the health service matter and reason for training is not sufficient to distinguish both modes.

Promoting palliative care worldwide through international nursing education.

Many challenges exist when providing international education to those who care for people at the end of life. Though issues related to culture and language may vary, the one commonality that crosses all nations is that its people die. In general, societies seek to provide the best care they are trained to give. Many have few resources to provide this care well. Traditions of the past influence norms and dictate policies and procedures of the present. Since its inception in 2000, the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium Project has provided palliative care education to nurses and other members of the interdisciplinary team in six of the seven continents. This article describes the efforts of this project to improve education around the globe, with the goal of providing excellent, compassionate palliative care, irrespective of location, financial status, political views, religion, race, and/or ethnicity.

Desenvolvimento científico e desafios da Psicologia do Trabalho e das Organizações no Brasil / Scientific development and challenges of Work and Organizational Psychology in Brazil / Desarrollo Científico y desafíos de la Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones en Brasil

Discorre-se sobre o desenvolvimento brasileiro da psicologia do trabalho e das organizações, com o foco na sua formação pós-graduada e produção científica. Inicia-se pela demarcação conceitual. Na seção subsequente, argumenta-se a favor da relação entre o crescimento e a diversificação da subárea e também a expansão da pós-graduação no Brasil. Segue um panorama das revisões de literatura nacionais, visando ressaltar a diversidade na prática de pesquisa. Finaliza-se com considerações sobre os desafios para alcançar níveis mais elevados de amadurecimento científico.(AU)

This article aims to describe the Brazilian development of work and organizational psychology, with a focus on its graduate training and scientific production. It begins by defining concepts. The following section argues in favor of the relationship between growth and diversification of the subarea and the expansion of graduate programs in Brazil. An overview of the national scientific reviews follows, in order to mark the diversity in research practices. Finally, the chapter discusses challenges to achieve higher levels of scientific maturity.(AU)

Se aborda el desarrollo brasileño de la psicología del trabajo y de las organizaciones, con el foco en su formación en el posgrado y producción científica. Se inicia por la demarcación conceptual. En la sección posterior, se argumenta a favor de la relación entre el crecimiento y la diversificación del sub-área y también la expansión del posgrado en el Brasil. Se propone un panorama de las revisiones de literatura nacionales, con vistas a resaltar la diversidad en la práctica de investigación. Se concluye con consideraciones sobre los desafíos para alcanzar niveles más elevados de madurez científica.(AU)