RESUMEN
Coping with the COVID-19 pandemic has required measures to contain the contagion, including social isolation. However, this and other factors have caused mental health problems, both in patients and health professionals and in family members or asymptomatic population. Religious support can be an ally for this type of confrontation. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, spiritual/religious care has been restricted and insufficient. When accessible to patients and frontline professionals, they are offered by virtual means, almost always by recorded media and made available in bulk. This essay argues, based on references in the areas of psychology, psychoneuroimmunology, biosafety, and military, that the face-to-face and personalized relationship between religious leaders, patients, health professionals, family members, and faith communities is as essential as possible for the dignified treatment victims, referral to spiritual needs and resilience of society, in addition to contributing to the improvement of the immune response of all. Practical examples are cited in the areas of military chaplaincy and hospital civilian chaplaincy. The essay also proposes the adoption of protocols already published by WHO and other safety measures such as the use of robotics and the recruitment/training of mass chaplains. In addition to contributing to the improvement of COVID-19 pandemic coping processes, the study also contributes to improving the delivery of spiritual/religious care as an ally to physical and mental, individual, and collective health.
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COVID-19 , Trastornos Mentales , Religión y Psicología , Aislamiento Social , COVID-19/psicología , Humanos , Trastornos Mentales/prevención & control , Aislamiento Social/psicologíaRESUMEN
Lobomycosis is a disease that is endemic to the Amazon rainforest and is caused by the still uncultured fungus Lacazia loboi. This disease occurs in loggers, farmers, miners, fishermen, and persons living near coastal rivers of this region. We report 6 soldiers in Colombia in whom lobomycosis developed after military service in the Amazon area. The patients had nodular and keloid-like lesions on the face, neck, trunk, and limbs. The duration of illness ranged from 2 years to 15 years. The initial diagnosis was leishmaniasis on the basis of clinical manifestations and direct smear results, but biopsies confirmed the final diagnosis of lobomycosis. Treatment with surgical excision, itraconazole and clofazimine was satisfactory. However, the follow-up time was short. Healthcare professionals responsible for the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases need to be able to recognize the clinical signs of lobomycosis and differentiate them from those of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Lacazia , Lobomicosis/diagnóstico , Lobomicosis/microbiología , Personal Militar , Adulto , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Biopsia , Humanos , Lobomicosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Lobomicosis/epidemiología , Masculino , Piel/microbiología , Piel/patología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Department of Defense lands are essential for providing important habitat for threatened, endangered, and at-risk species (TER-S). However, there is little information on the effects of military-related contaminants on TER-S on these lands in field situations. Thus, this study examined genotoxicity and oxidative stress in gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) on Camp Shelby, MS-the largest known population of this species, which is listed as an "endangered species" in Mississippi and a "threatened species" by the U.S. government. Blood was collected from tortoises at 19 different sites on the base with different levels of habitat quality (high-quality and low-quality habitat) and military activity (high, low, and no military activity). Oxidative stress was quantified as lipid peroxidation and GSSG/GSH ratios, while DNA damage was determined using flow cytometry. Our results suggest that: (1) for tortoises residing in low-quality habitats, oxidative stress and DNA damage increased with increasing military activity, while in high-quality habitats, oxidative stress and DNA damage decreased with increasing military activity; (2) in the absence of military activity, tortoises in high-quality habitat had higher levels of oxidative stress and DNA damage than those in low-quality habitat, and (3) there were interactions between military activity, habitat quality, and landuse in terms of the amount of observable DNA damage and oxidative stress. In particular, on high-quality habitat, tortoises from areas with high levels of military activity had lower levels of oxidative stress and DNA damage biomarkers than on reference sites. This may represent a compensatory or hormetic response. Conversely, on low-quality habitats, the level of oxidative stress and DNA damage was lower on the reference sites. Thus, tortoises on higher-quality habitats may have a greater capacity for compensatory responses. In terms of management implications, it is suggested that low quality habitats should be a higher priority for remediation, and lower priority for conducting military activities.
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Daño del ADN , Ecosistema , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Estrés Oxidativo , Tortugas/fisiología , Animales , Especies en Peligro de Extinción , Personal MilitarRESUMEN
The urgency of protecting ecosystems and their recovery from contamination has been highlighted in several recent European strategies because Europe's biodiversity and landscapes are declining rapidly due to different human pressures. Despite the existence of EU and national laws addressing environmental contamination, practical procedures are often missing. For example, competent authorities must deal promptly and effectively with environmental accidents, noncompliance, and criminal offenses but relevant tools that facilitate these processes are often lacking. For example, thorough planning is crucial for effective investigation and assessment to improve environmental damage assessments in line with the European Environmental Liability Directive (ELD, 2004/35/EC). With regard to soils, a specific European legislation for their protection, the European Soil Monitoring Law, is currently being developed. However, it is crucial that this law bridges the gaps between existing chemical regulations and that it aligns with current European strategies for environmental protection and sustainability. Continuous feedback of soil monitoring results to regulatory frameworks will be essential. This feedback loop ensures that chemical regulations are relevant and effective in protecting soil health. In this context, development and sharing of effective and practical procedures for recovering ecosystems from contamination are crucial. This was the case at the RemTech Europe meeting, which was held online and onsite in Ferrara, Italy, in September 2022. The discussion covered all aspects of environmental contaminants. It ranged from the basic understanding of these contaminants to the various types that pose a threat to organisms, studies of their environmental fate, detection methods, and sustainable practices for contaminant management. The special series dedicated to RemTech Europe 2022 is particularly relevant to these purposes and resulted in six articles that were selected from oral presentations. The articles emphasize the need for integrated approaches to risk management and remediation to address the problems of soil, sediment, and groundwater contamination. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-5. © 2024 The Author(s). Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Conflictos Armados , Suicidio , Humanos , China , Depresión/epidemiología , Emigración e Inmigración , Internet , Taiwán/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to analyze the morphological and functional changes in military recruits after twelve weeks of physical training. The sample consisted of 130 volunteer recruits aged 18-19 years. Anthropometric variables were assessed (body weight, height, body mass index, arm, waist, and hip circumference, waist/hip ratio, skinfold thickness of the triceps, suprailiac, and abdomen, and body fat percentage) and the sit-up test (1 minute), push-up test, and 12-minute running test. The physical training protocol involved running workouts, strength, agility, and flexibility. Descriptive statistical procedures were performed with mean, standard deviation, variance, and percentage and the comparison between the two moments was performed using the Student t test for dependent samples. The significance level was set at p <0.05. The results demonstrated a decrease in the sum of the three skinfolds (42.7±25.2mm to 33.9±17.7mm), a decrease in fat percentage (14.1±7.3% to 11.8±6.1%), an increase in lean mass (57.6±6.0kg to 58.6±8.0kg), and decreased fat mass (10.1±6.4kg to 8.3±5.2kg). They also showed improvements in push-up test (21.3±9.0 to 33.5±8.9), sit-up test (35.2±8.3 to 49.8±7.4), the 12 minute test (2212±316m to 2760±214m), and VÌO2max (35.2±8.3ml.kg-1.min-1 to 49.8±7.4 ml.kg-1.min-1). No differences were observed in body mass, height, body mass index, or hip circumference. According to the above, it was found that the methodology adopted in the physical training was effective in reducing the percentage of fat and increasing cardiorespiratory fitness, improving the physical capacity and health of the military recruits.
RESUMEN
RESUMEN: La Bioimpedancia Eléctrica (BIA), al ser una técnica no invasiva pero de elevada precisión, se ha convertido en la actualidad en una herramienta valiosa para determinar la composición corporal en militares, facilitado el control de las distintas variables que se asocian a cada especialidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir el perfil de composición corporal en militares de elite al momento de finalizar un curso de especialización. Participaron 11 militares con un rango de edad entre 22 y 29 años. Se evalúo la composición corporal a través de BIA, inmediatamente después de finalizado un curso de especialización para militares de élite. Las evaluaciones en los militares sobre las variables de la composición corporal a través de BIA mostraron: peso corporal de 84,3 ± 4,52 kg, talla 1,78 ± 0,06 m, índice de masa corporal (IMC) 26,5 ± 1,09, tejido adiposo de 13,7 ± 3,65 %, tejido muscular 49,5 ± 2,34 %, masa libre de grasa 72,7 ± 5,23 kg y 53,2 ± 3,78 l de agua corporal total. Conclusiones: Los militares de elite presentaron elevados niveles de masa libre de grasa, tejido muscular y bajos niveles de tejido adiposo lo que favorece el desarrollo de las actividades militares especializadas y disminuye el riesgo de lesiones. Los datos aquí recogidos sirven como marco de referencia para futuros estudios.
SUMMARY: Electrical bioimpedance (BIA), being a non- invasive technique but with high precision, has become a valuable tool for determining body composition in the military, facilitating the control of the different variables associated with each specialty. The aim of the present study was to describe the body composition profile of elite military personnel at the end of a specialization course. Eleven military personnel between 22 and 29 years of age participated in the study. Body composition was assessed by BIA immediately after completion of a specialization course for elite military personnel. Assessments in the military on body composition variables through BIA showed: body weight of 84.3 ± 4.52 kg, height 1.78 ± 0.06 m, body mass index (BMI) 26.5 ± 1.09, adipose tissue of 13.7 ± 3.65 %, muscle tissue 49.5 ± 2.34 %, fat free mass 72.7 ± 5.23 kg and 53.2 ± 3.78 l of total body water. Conclusions: Elite military personnel presented high levels of fat free mass, muscle tissue and low levels of adipose tissue which favors the development of specialized military activities and decreases the risk of injury. The data collected here serve as a frame of reference for future studies.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Composición Corporal , Personal Militar , Índice de Masa Corporal , Chile , Tejido Adiposo , Impedancia Eléctrica , Estado de Hidratación del OrganismoRESUMEN
Investigar o nível de atividade física (AF) e fatores associados de jovens alistados nas forças armadas da Grande Florianópolis, no ano de 2014. A amostra foi composta por 2503 jovens acima de 18 anos da grande Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil alistados nas forças armadas. O nível de atividade física foi mensurado por meio de questionário IPAQ versão longa sessão lazer e exercício, auto aplicado e considerado fisicamente ativo se ≥ 150 minutos/semana. As variáveis dependentes foram: escolaridade, trabalho, classe econômica, Índice de Massa Corporal (massa corporal e estatura) e estado de saúde, cor da pele e tabagismo. A razão de prevalência foi utilizada como medida de associação, estimada por meio da regressão de Poisson com nível de significância < 0,05. Foi observado que a maior parte dos participantes eram insuficientemente ativos considerando a prática de AF atual de 72% (70,24 73,76). Considerando a razão de prevalência bruta, os fatores diretamente associados à prática de AF são: estar estudando, ter peso normal, auto percepção de saúde positiva, proximidade de local para a prática de AF. Os fatores inversamente associados a prática de AF são: Fumar e ser insuficientemente ativo na AF pregressa. Na análise da razão de prevalência ajustada, possuir condição de saúde positiva foi diretamente associada a prática de AF, ser insuficientemente ativo na AF pregressa e ser fumante foram inversamente associadas a prática de AF. Identificou-se no presente estudo que os fatores associados à prática de AF foram a percepção de saúde e a prática de AF pregressa.
Investigate the level of physical activity (PA) and associated factors of young people enlisted in the armed forces of Florianópolis, in 2014. The sample consisted of 2503 young people over 18 years of Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil enlisted in the military. The level of physical activity was measured by IPAQ long version leisure session and exercise, self-applied, were considered physically active if ≥ 150 minutes / week. The dependent variables were: education, employment, economic status, body mass index (body weight and height) and health status, skin color and smoking. The prevalence ratio was used as a measure of association, estimated by Poisson regression with significance level <0.05. It was observed that most participants were insufficiently active considering the current PA practice, 72% (70.24 - 73.76). Considering the prevalence ratio, the factors directly associated with the practice of PA are to be studying, have normal weight, self-perception of positive health, local proximity to PA practice. The inversely associated factors with PA practice are: Smoking and being insufficiently active in the past PA. In the seasonally adjusted prevalence ratio, have positive health condition was directly associated with PA practice, be insufficiently active in the past PA and be smokers were inversely associated with PA practice. It was identified in this study that the factors associated with PA practice were the perception of health and the practice of past PA.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adolescente , Actividad Motora , Estudios TransversalesRESUMEN
Ecological impacts of military bombing activities in Puerto Rico have often been described as minimal, with recurrent allegations of confounding effects by hurricanes, coral diseases and local anthropogenic stressors. Reef craters, though isolated, are associated with major colony fragmentation and framework pulverization, with a net permanent loss of reef bio-construction. In contrast, adjacent non-bombarded reef sections have significantly higher benthic spatial relief and biodiversity. We compared benthic communities on 35-50 year-old bomb-cratered coral reefs at Culebra and Vieques Islands, with adjacent non-impacted sites; 2) coral recruit density and fish community structure within and outside craters; and 3) early effects of a rehabilitation effort using low-tech Staghorn coral Acropora cervicornis farming. Reef craters ranged in size from approximately 50 to 400m² and were largely dominated by heavily fragmented, flattened benthos, with coral cover usually below 2% and dominance by non-reef building taxa (i.e., filamentous algal turfs, macroalgae). Benthic spatial heterogeneity was lower within craters which also resulted in a lowered functional value as fish nursery ground. Fish species richness, abundance and biomass, and coral recruit density were lower within craters. Low-tech, community-based approaches to culture, harvest and transplant A. cervicornis into formerly bombarded grounds have proved successful in increasing percent coral cover, benthic spatial heterogeneity, and helping rehabilitate nursery ground functions.
Los impactos ecológicos de las actividades militares de bombardeos en Puerto Rico se han descrito a menudo como mínimos, con recurrentes denuncias al confundir efectos por huracanes, enfermedades de corales y estresores antropogénicos locales. Los cráteres de arrecife, aunque aislados, están relacionados con una alta fragmentación de la colonia y pulverización del contorno, con una pérdida neta permanente de arrecife en bio-construcción. En contraste, secciones adyacentes de arrecife no bombardeado tienen mayor biodiversidad y mayor relieve espacial bentónico. Comparamos las comunidades bentónicas en cráteres-bomba de arrecifes de coral con 35-50 años de antigüedad en las islas de Vieques, Puerto Rico, en comparación con los sitios adyacentes no impactados; 2) la densidad de reclutamiento de coral y estructura de la comunidad de peces dentro y fuera de los cráteres; y 3) impactos preliminares de un esfuerzo de rehabilitación basado en la comunidad arrecifal usando tecnología simple con el cultivo del coral Staghorn Acropora cervicornis. Los cráteres de arrecife se distancian en tamaño de aproximadamente 50 a 400m² y fueron dominados ampliamente por fragmentos de bentos aplanado, con una cubierta de coral generalmente por debajo de 2% y el predominio de taxones no constructores de arrecifes (es decir, tapetes de algas filamentosas, macroalgas). La heterogeneidad espacial bentónica fue significativamente menor dentro de cráteres que también resultaron en un reducido valor funcional como tierra de vivero de peces. La riqueza de especies de peces, abundancia y biomasa y densidad coral recluta fueron significativamente menores dentro de cráteres. Tecnología simple, basada en los enfoques de cultivo de comunidad, la cosecha y transplante de A. cervicornis en terrenos anteriormente bombardeados han demostrado un éxito al aumentar el porcentaje de cobertura de coral, la heterogeneidad espacial bentónica y ayudando a rehabilitar funcionalmente la tierra para vivero.
Asunto(s)
Fauna Béntica/análisis , Biodiversidad , Arrecifes de Coral , Geología/estadística & datos numéricos , Puerto RicoRESUMEN
This study reviewed the outbreak and prevalence of cattle plague around Byeongjahoran from the perspective of international war in East Asia. First of all, the epidemiological characteristics of cattle plague in Manchuria where the outbreak of cattle plague was first reported around Byeongjahoran were analyzed. From the study, it was found the military activities that Sarhu (Qing) had made during the growth into Empire promoted the exchanges of various germs which became naturalized in the regions in Northeast Asia, and that such extreme situation as war made various diseases taken place and dispersed. In particular, because of military activities of Sarhu (Qing), various contagious diseases including smallpox which was prevalent in Inner-Mongolia and Shanxi became prevalent in Manchuria. During the contacts with Chosun after Jeongmyohoran, pathogen occurring Rinderpest was introduced into Manchuria. Favorable conditions for the interactions with various pathogens were provided by frequent contacts with wild animals through hunting and various cultivation groups composed of Manchurians, Mongolians, Han-Chinese and Chosun people. Rinderpest breaking in Chosun around Byeongjahoran was originated in Shenyang in 1636. It was transmitted to cattle in the Korean Peninsula and expanded to Kansai Region. At that time Rinderpest occurred and rapidly expanded in a specific area due to the interactions of pathogens, hosts and environments, and suddenly disappeared because of the extinction and the separation of hosts. It is consistent with the symptoms of modern times 'Rinderpest.' In Chosun it occurred in Pyeongan-do 4 months before the outbreak of Byeongjahoran and gave great damage on the capital area and northern Gyeonggi region. Because of the large scale migration of militaries after Byeongjahoran, Rindpest was expanded to Hasamdo and was terminated in February to April leaving big damages. The damages of Byeongjahoran were very severe. From the statistical records, it was found that the mortality rate in Gyenggi-do was around 2/3, around 50% in Jeju area. The mortality rate of infected cattle was around 75%. In some records based on individual cases, 80-100% of mortality rate was addressed. It is comparable to 25% of mortality in 1627, and is near or less than the mortality rate of Rinderpest in the 19th and 20the century. When analyzing the expansion of Rinderpest from the perspective of place, the most damaged places were areas near the busy roads or the places with dense population. Therefore, the remote places far from busy roads or separated from the affected places right after the outbreak did not have much damage. Additionally, rich stock-feeders had relatively small damages and poor households with 1 or 2 stokes were badly affected. The prevention and supply of medication by government made considerably positive effects on the prevention and treatment of Finderpest.
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Animales , Bovinos , Humanos , Animales Salvajes , Asia , China , Divorcio , Composición Familiar , Hipogonadismo , Personal Militar , Enfermedades Mitocondriales , Oftalmoplejía , Fenoles , Prevalencia , Peste Bovina , ViruelaRESUMEN
Relações interpessoais são interações entre o self e as pessoas que fazem parte do círculo social ao qual o indivíduo pertence. Determinados tipos de interação interpessoal são fontes de estresse. Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar como as interações interpessoais se relacionam com o estresse e investigar uma evidência de validade para o Checklist de Relações Interpessoais-II (CLOIT-II). Participaram 327 alunos dos cursos de Formação de Oficiais da Polícia Militar de um Estado brasileiro com idades entre 18 e 49 anos (M = 32 e DP=8). Os sujeitos responderam ao Inventário de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp e ao CLOIT-II. Os resultados apontaram correlações positivas significativas entre estresse e posições interpessoais baseadas em hostilidade e ausência de correlação com posições interpessoais amigáveis. Do ponto de vista teórico, esses resultados evidenciam validade para o CLOIT-II. Do ponto de vista prático, eles sugerem medidas para atenção institucional profilática.
Interpersonal relations are interactions between the self and people who are part of the individual's social circle. Certain types of interpersonal transactions are sources of stress. The goal of this study is to verify how interpersonal patterns are related to stress among military police personnel, and to verify evidence for the meaningfulness of the CLOIT-II. 327 students, who aged from 18 to 49 years old (M = 32 and DP=8), joined the officer's training at a Brazilian state military police force. They answered the ISSL (a stress questionnaire) and the CLOIT-II (an interpersonal inventory) as well. The results show significant correlations between stress and interpersonal locations based on Hostility and no correlation with Friendly locations on the interpersonal circle. On the theoretical level, these results support the face validity of the CLOIT-II. On the practical level, they suggest strategies for health prevention by institutional authorities.
Las relaciones interpersonales son interacciones entre el self y las personas que forman parte del círculo social del individuo. Ciertos tipos de relaciones interpersonales son fuentes de estrés. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron identificar cómo las interacciones interpersonales se relacionan con el estrés e investigar la validez del CLOIT-II. Asistieron a los cursos 327 estudiantes de formación de Oficiales de la Policía Militar de un estado brasileño, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 49 años (M = 32, SD = 8). Los sujetos respondieron al Inventario de síntomas de estrés de Lipp (ISSL) y al CLOIT II. Los resultados mostraron correlaciones positivas y significativas entre el estrés y las posiciones interpersonales hostiles y la falta de correlación con posiciones interpersonales amigables. Desde el punto de vista teórico, estos resultados proporcionan validez al CLOIT-II. Desde un punto de vista práctico, los resultados sugieren medidas para la atención institucional profiláctica.
Asunto(s)
Relaciones Interpersonales , Policia , Estrés PsicológicoRESUMEN
Relações interpessoais são interações entre o self e as pessoas que fazem parte do círculo social ao qual o indivíduo pertence. Determinados tipos de interação interpessoal são fontes de estresse. Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar como as interações interpessoais se relacionam com o estresse e investigar uma evidência de validade para o Checklist de Relações Interpessoais-II (CLOIT-II). Participaram 327 alunos dos cursos de Formação de Oficiais da Polícia Militar de um Estado brasileiro com idades entre 18 e 49 anos (M = 32 e DP=8). Os sujeitos responderam ao Inventário de Sintomas de Stress de Lipp e ao CLOIT-II. Os resultados apontaram correlações positivas significativas entre estresse e posições interpessoais baseadas em hostilidade e ausência de correlação com posições interpessoais amigáveis. Do ponto de vista teórico, esses resultados evidenciam validade para o CLOIT-II. Do ponto de vista prático, eles sugerem medidas para atenção institucional profilática(AU)
Interpersonal relations are interactions between the self and people who are part of the individual's social circle. Certain types of interpersonal transactions are sources of stress. The goal of this study is to verify how interpersonal patterns are related to stress among military police personnel, and to verify evidence for the meaningfulness of the CLOIT-II. 327 students, who aged from 18 to 49 years old (M = 32 and DP=8), joined the officer's training at a Brazilian state military police force. They answered the ISSL (a stress questionnaire) and the CLOIT-II (an interpersonal inventory) as well. The results show significant correlations between stress and interpersonal locations based on Hostility and no correlation with Friendly locations on the interpersonal circle. On the theoretical level, these results support the face validity of the CLOIT-II. On the practical level, they suggest strategies for health prevention by institutional authorities(AU)
Las relaciones interpersonales son interacciones entre el self y las personas que forman parte del círculo social del individuo. Ciertos tipos de relaciones interpersonales son fuentes de estrés. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron identificar cómo las interacciones interpersonales se relacionan con el estrés e investigar la validez del CLOIT-II. Asistieron a los cursos 327 estudiantes de formación de Oficiales de la Policía Militar de un estado brasileño, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 49 años (M = 32, SD = 8). Los sujetos respondieron al Inventario de síntomas de estrés de Lipp (ISSL) y al CLOIT II. Los resultados mostraron correlaciones positivas y significativas entre el estrés y las posiciones interpersonales hostiles y la falta de correlación con posiciones interpersonales amigables. Desde el punto de vista teórico, estos resultados proporcionan validez al CLOIT-II. Desde un punto de vista práctico, los resultados sugieren medidas para la atención institucional profiláctica(AU)
Asunto(s)
Relaciones Interpersonales , Policia , Estrés Psicológico , Ciencia MilitarRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Conhecer o significado do processo de envelhecimento para militares que serviram por 30 anos ou mais no Exército brasileiro. MÉTODOS: Estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 18 militares; o mais novo tinha 48 anos e o mais velho, 72 anos de idade. Na análise, emergiram três categorias: envelhecimento e velhice; a reserva no Exército brasileiro; preparação para a reserva. RESULTADOS: Os principais resultados mostraram que para os militares a perda da capacidade funcional, a adaptação da vida fora dos quartéis e a reinvenção do convívio contínuo com os familiares são questões fundamentais no contexto de passagem da ativa para a reserva. CONCLUSÃO: Esperamos que este estudo possibilite a ampliação de reflexões a respeito do envelhecimento no mundo militar, no sentido de implementar ações para a preparação para a vida na reserva - trabalhando não apenas com os militares, mas também com suas famílias.
OBJECTIVE: To know the meaning of the aging process for military personnel who served for 30 years or more in the Brazilian army. METHODS: A qualitative exploratory study. Interviews were conducted with 18 soldiers, the youngest was 48 years and the oldest was 72 years of age. The analysis revealed three categories: aging and old age; retirement from the Brazilian army; preparing for the retirement. RESULTS: The principle results showed that for those in the military the loss of functional capacity, the adaptation to life outside the barracks, and continuous reinvention of living with family members are fundamental questions in the context of transition from active to retired. CONCLUSION: We hope this study will enable the expansion of reflections about aging in the military, to implement actions to prepare for life in retirement - working not only with the military, but also with their families.
OBJETIVO: Conocer el significado del proceso de envejecimiento para militares que sirvieron por 30 años o más en el Ejército brasileño. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio exploratorio de naturaleza cualitativa. Se realizaron entrevistas a 18 militares; el más joven tenía 48 años y el más viejo, 72 años de edad. En el análisis, emergieron tres categorías: envejecimiento y vejez; la reserva en el Ejército brasileño; preparación para la reserva. RESULTADOS: Los principales resultados mostraron que para los militares la pérdida de la capacidad funcional, la adaptación a la vida fuera de los cuarteles y la reinvención de la convivencia continua con los familiares son cuestiones fundamentales en el contexto del paso de la actividad a la reserva. CONCLUSIÓN: Esperamos que este estudio posibilite la ampliación de reflexiones respecto al envejecimiento en el mundo militar, en el sentido de implementar acciones para la preparación para la vida en la reserva - trabajando no sólo con los militares, sino también con sus familias.
RESUMEN
O estudo das altas frequências vem demonstrando sua importância para detecção de danos na orelha interna. Em alguns casos, as frequências convencionais não são sensíveis a alterações da orelha interna em seu estágio inicial. OBJETIVO: Analisar os resultados dos limiares das altas frequências de indivíduos expostos ao ruído com audiometria convencional normal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte transversal retrospectivo com 47 combatentes do Corpo de Bombeiros do Rio de Janeiro alocados no aeroporto Santos Dumont e 33 militares sem exposição ao ruído. Os grupos foram divididos em duas faixas etárias: 30-39 anos e 40-49 anos. Imediatamente após a audiometria tonal e vocal eram testadas as altas frequências. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mais significativos ocorreram na faixa de 40 a 49 anos, onde o grupo experimental apresentou limiar significativamente maior que o grupo controle 14000Hz (p = 0,008) e 16000Hz (p = 0,0001). CONCLUSÕES: Concluiu-se que o ruído interferiu nos limiares das altas frequências, onde todas as médias encontradas no grupo experimental foram maiores do que as do grupo controle. Sugeriu-se que esses dados reforçariam a importância da pesquisa das altas frequências, mesmo com a audiometria convencional normal, no diagnóstico precoce da perda auditiva induzida pela exposição ao ruído.
The study of high frequencies has proven its importance for detecting inner ear damage. In some cases, conventional frequencies are not sensitive enough to pick up early changes to the inner ear. AIM: To analyze the results of threshold high frequency analysis of individuals exposed to noise with normal conventional audiometry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional cohort study, in which we studied 47 firefighters of the Fire Department of Rio de Janeiro, based on Santos Dumont airport and 33 military men without noise exposure. They were broken down into two age groups: 30-39years and 40-49years. The high frequencies were studied immediately after conventional audiometry. RESULTS: The results were most significant in the 40 to 49 years of age range, where the experimental group showed significantly higher threshold values than the control group 14000Hz (p = 0.008) and 16,000Hz (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that noise interfered with high frequency thresholds, where all the mean values found in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group. We suggest that these data reinforce the importance of studying high frequencies, even with normal conventional audiometry in the early detection of noise-induced hearing loss.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Audiometría/métodos , Umbral Auditivo/fisiología , Pérdida Auditiva de Alta Frecuencia/diagnóstico , Personal Militar , Ruido en el Ambiente de Trabajo/efectos adversos , Factores de Edad , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios de Cohortes , Oído/fisiopatología , Salud Laboral , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
As atividades de tiro, de fuzil e de artilharia, promovem níveis elevados de ruído, que podem provocar alterações no sistema auditivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi medir o nível de ruído a que os militares estão expostos durante o tiro de fuzil e identificar possíveis motivos para que o militar não utilize a proteção auditiva durante essa atividade e no tiro de artilharia. O presente estudo caracteriza-se como transversal. Utilizou-se (a) questionário auto-aplicável, com o objetivo de mapear o perfil dos informantes e os motivos que os levavam a utilizar ou não a proteção auditiva nas atividades de tiro; (b) medição do nível de pressão sonora, para dimensionar o risco ocupacional da atividade de tiro; (c) observação sistemática, para mapear o processo de trabalho e (d) entrevista semi-estruturada, para verificar outras percepções de risco relacionados com a atividade de tiro, além da relativa à audição. Durante as atividades de tiro de fuzil e de artilharia, os militares estão expostos a um nível de pressão sonora mínimo de 147 dB, com indícios da possibilidade de que esse valor possa atingir 188 dB. Foi constatado que, no tiro de fuzil, 44 militares (55,7 por cento) não utilizam proteção auditiva e, no tiro de artilharia, esse número aumentou para 65 militares (82,3 por cento). Os fatores que contribuem para que os militares negligenciem sua segurança auditiva nas atividades de tiro são: a falta de informação quanto ao real risco da exposição aos ruídos dos tiros; a falta da disponibilidade do equipamento de proteção auditiva no local de trabalho; e a falta de treinamento, orientação e fiscalização no uso de equipamento de proteção individual por parte dos responsáveis por essas atividades.