Cosmopolis: public spaces, cosmopolitanism, and democracy.

What is the role of public spaces in contemporary cities? Despite the growing interest in the theme of public spaces in the last decades, a significant number of authors appeal, directly or indirectly, to ideas of the "regression", "decay", and "crisis" of public life, public sphere, and public spaces. Without disregarding this hegemonic point of view, in the present article we would like to consider other perspectives, which recognize the importance of public spaces, public sociability, and cosmopolitanism for the democratic societies in the context of the contemporary city, the cosmopolis. We therefore propose a bibliographic review that deals with the political nature of public spaces, the dimension of contestation within public sociability, the advent of virtual public spaces, and the geography of cosmopolitan encounters. The article concludes that urban public spaces remain essential for the existence and functioning of democratic societies and institutions.

Examining young Chinese consumers' engagement in restaurant food waste mitigation from the perspective of cultural values and information publicity.

Food waste is a serious problem with regard to social equity and environmental challenges across the world. In recent decades, a dramatic growth of restaurant food waste has been seen in China. This study integrated the norm activation model (NAM), Chinese cultural values (i.e. face saving and group conformity) and information publicity to examine young Chinese consumers' food waste behaviors in a dining-out context. By drawing data from 311 respondents from Shenyang, Northeast China, this research finds that Chinese cultural values significantly influence personal norms and food waste practices. Meanwhile, publicized information could effectively shape cultural values and food waste behaviors. This study advances our understanding of young Chinese consumers' food waste behaviors from the perspective of cultural values and information publicity, which sheds light on how to mitigate the food waste challenge for policy makers, relevant NGOs, food service providers and even individuals.

Are you a water saver? Discovering people's water-saving intention by extending the theory of planned behavior.

Saving water is a common responsibility of all humanity, which is essential for achieving sustainable use of global water resources. The aim of this study is to discover the determinants of an individual's intention to save water. Based on the theory of planned behavior, a novel comprehensive framework has been developed by extending environmental concern, perceived risk, and information publicity. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to perform an empirical analysis with data from questionnaire of 265 residents in Jinan, the famous Chinese "Spring City". The findings indicate that residents have a strong environmental concern and water-saving intention with mean values of 6.78 and 6.67, respectively. Attitude and information publicity are the most important antecedents of water-saving intention, followed by subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. Environmental concern and perceived risk indirectly affect the intention to save water through attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The role of environmental concern is more important than the role of perceived risk. Interestingly, a high level of information publicity may strengthen the impact of attitude on water-saving intention but weaken the impact of perceived behavioral control. This study strongly supplements current knowledge on water-saving behavior. Moreover, these findings provide insights for policymakers to motivate people to save water.

Research on the variations in individual waste separation behavior due to different information strategies-Mediating effects of psychological distance.

Although information intervention can guide individual behavior, there are variations in information interpretation and processing results caused by different psychological distances. This study explored the explanation mechanism underlying individual psychological distances and their effects on different information intervention strategies that aim to improve waste separation behavior. The survey sample data obtained from large-scale field intervention experiments were analyzed using regression analysis, a difference-in-difference test, and T-tests. The results showed that (1) psychological distance has a significant mediating effect on the interaction between the cognition of separation and waste separation behavior; (2) modeling is a form of information intervention effectively promotes individual waste separation behavior and the waste separation behavior relationship; (3) among groups with different cognitions of separation, modeling can significantly promote the waste separation behavior of the group with low-level concerns as it improves their habit and citizen dimensions. The publicity and education strategies can positively promote the habit dimension of the group with low-level concerns, but it has a negative effect on the waste separation behavior of the high-level concerns group; (4) among groups with different psychological distances towards waste separation, modeling can significantly promote the waste separation behavior of the group with a closer expected distance. The research results provide effective theoretical support and practical significance for promoting individual waste separation behavior and realizing waste recycling and reduction.

[Publicity campaign rheuma2025 of the Union for Rheumatology]. / Öffentlichkeitskampagne "rheuma2025" des Bündnisses für Rheumatologie.

The publicity campaign "rheuma2025", initiated by the Union for Rheumatology, aims at improvement of patient-centered care. For this the number of positions for trainees in rheumatology needs to increase to a level which matches the public needs. Students in medical school must have even more interest for the discipline and they must be recruited. Regulatory constraints in the approval by the authorities for opening a private rheumatology practice must become much more flexible. The possibilities for in-patient acute care of patients in specialized hospitals have to be strengthened. Finally, the public image of rheumatology per se must be sharpened. To achieve these goals a homepage for the campaign was created ( https://rheuma2025.de ), which provides a toolkit of items for the public, for physicians and students. Various media channels for rheuma2025 were established with specific contents for each target group.

Data analytics of social media publicity to enhance household waste management.

Household waste segregation and recycling is ranked at a high priority of the waste management hierarchy. Its management remains a great challenge due to the high dependency on social behaviours. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and subscription accounts on social media platforms related to household waste management could be an effective and environmentally friendly publicity approach than traditional publicity via posters and newspapers. However, there is a paucity of literature on measuring social media publicity in household waste management, which brings challenges for practitioners to characterise and improve this publicity pathway. In this study, under an integrated framework, data mining approaches are employed or extended for multidimensional publicity analytics using the data of online footprints of propagandist and users. A real-world case study based on a subscription account on the WeChat platform, Shanghai Green Account, is analysed to reveal useful insights for personalised improvements of household waste management. This study suggests that the current publicity related to household waste management leans towards propagandist-centred in both timing and topic dimensions. The identified timing, which has high user engagement, is 12:00-13:00 and 21:00-22:00 on Thursday. The overall relative publicity quality of historical posts is calculated as 0.95. Average user engagement under the macro policy in Shanghai was elevated by 138.5% from 2018 to 2019, during which the collections of biodegradable food waste and recyclable waste were elevated by 88.8% and 431.8%. Intelligent decision support by publicity analytics could enhance household waste management through effective communication.

Systematic review of publicity interventions to increase awareness amongst healthcare professionals and the public to promote earlier diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children and young people.

BACKGROUND: Children with new onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at risk of developing the life-threatening condition ketoacidosis if they have a delayed diagnosis. The rate of children presenting in ketoacidosis remains high in a number of countries worldwide. To ensure interventions to raise awareness of symptoms are effective a systematic review was conducted to evaluate previous publicity campaigns. METHODS: A range of databases was searched using search terms relating to T1D, publicity campaigns, and symptom awareness. Identified articles were checked against the inclusion criteria, ensuring interventions were designed to target individuals prior to diagnosis of T1D. Papers were independently assessed under the criteria specified within the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. RESULTS: The initial search retrieved 1537 papers and following screening 20 were identified for full consideration. Thirteen did not meet the inclusion criteria, leaving 7 to be assessed. Of these 7, 2 observational case-control studies reported a reduction in the rate of ketoacidosis following a publicity campaign using posters and providing glucose testing equipment to primary healthcare professionals. Four observational cohort studies, utilized posters, and media campaigns; 2 reported a reduction in the rate of ketoacidosis and 2 reported no difference following their interventions. A feasibility study, not designed to evaluate effectiveness, reported some anecdotal evidence of a more timely diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Due to the methodological limitations of the studies identified, it is not possible to make a definitive conclusion on the effectiveness of the interventions reported.

Ultra-processed food product brands on Facebook pages: highly accessed by Brazilians through their marketing techniques.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the content and extent of marketing of ultra-processed food products (UPP) and their brand pages on Facebook, which are highly accessed by Brazilians. DESIGN: Descriptive. SETTING: Sixteen UPP brand pages on Facebook were selected from 250 pages that were the most liked by Brazilians in October 2015. SUBJECTS: We analysed the frequency of 'likes' and members 'talking about' each one of the pages, in addition to fifteen marketing techniques used in the previous year (September 2014 to October 2015). The number of posts, likes, 'shares' and 'commentaries', and the mean number of likes, shares and commentaries per post, were collected for one month, from 23 September to 23 October 2015. RESULTS: The two most liked pages were: Coke® (93 673 979 likes) and McDonald's® (59 749 819 likes). Regarding the number of people talking about the pages, McDonald's led with 555 891 commentaries, followed by Coke (287 274), Burger King® (246 148) and Kibon® (244 523). All pages used marketing techniques, which included photos, user conversations, presence of brand elements and links. Videos were observed on 93·8 % of the pages; promotions on 68·8 %; and celebrities on 62·5 %. In one month, Garoto®, Outback® and Coke were brands that published more than one post per day. Kibon achieved the highest ratio of likes per post (285 845·50) and Burger King had the highest mean shares per post (10 083·93), including commentaries per post (7958·13). CONCLUSIONS: UPP marketing is extensively used on Facebook pages and is highly accessed by Brazilians, with UPP companies employing a diversity of marketing strategies.

Mapping the landscape of urology: A new media-based cross-sectional analysis of public versus academic interest.

OBJECTIVES: To quantify public and academic interest in the urological field using a novel new media-based methodology. METHODS: We systematically measured public and academic interest in 56 urological keywords and combined in nine subspecialties. Public interest was quantified as video views on YouTube. Academic interest was quantified as article citations using Microsoft Academic Search. The public-to-academic interest ratio was calculated for a comparison of subspecialties as well as for diseases and treatments. RESULTS: For the selected 56 urological keywords, we found 226 617 591 video views on YouTube and 2 146 287 citations in the academic literature. The public-to-academic interest ratio was highest for the subspecialties robotic urology (ratio 6.3) and andrological urology (ratio 4.6). Prostate cancer was the central urological disease combining both a high public (20% of all video views) and academic interest (26% of all citations, ratio 0.8). Further diseases/treatments of high public interest were premature ejaculation (ratio 54.4), testicular cancer (ratio 11.4), erectile dysfunction (ratio 5.5) and kidney transplant (ratio 3.7). Urological treatments had a higher public-to-academic interest ratio (median ratio 0.25) than diseases (median ratio 0.05; P = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: A quantification of academic and public interest in the urological field is feasible using a novel new media-based methodology. We found several mismatches in public versus academic interest in urological diseases and treatments, which has implications for research strategies, conference planning and patient information projects. Regular re-assessments of the public and academic interest landscape can contribute to detecting and proving trends in the field of urology.

Using evidence-informed policies to tackle overweight and obesity in Chile.

Overweight and obesity are a global epidemic with rates having risen to alarming levels in both developed and developing countries. Chile has been no exemption, with sharp increases in obesity prevalence, especially among school-age children. This paper describes the policy actions and strategies implemented to tackle this major public health concern in Chile over the last 10 years, and highlights the main challenges and nuances of the process. Chile has taken policy action that includes front-of-package labelling, advertising regulations, and school-food restrictions. New policies focus on the social determinants of health as they relate to food environments and people's behavior. These actions are not only suitable to the current context in Chile, but are also supported by the best available scientific evidence. Moreover, the implementation of these policies has produced a broad debate involving public institutions and the food industry, with discussions issues ranging from property rights to trade barriers. Despite some differences among stakeholders, a valuable political consensus has been achieved, and several international organizations are eager to evaluate the impact of these pioneer initiatives in Latin America.

El sobrepeso y la obesidad son una epidemia mundial, en la que se registran tasas que han aumentado hasta niveles alarmantes tanto en los países desarrollados como en los países en desarrollo. Chile no ha sido una excepción, con aumentos pronunciados de la prevalencia de la obesidad, especialmente en los niños en edad escolar. En este documento se describen las políticas y estrategias aplicadas para luchar contra este grave problema de salud pública en Chile durante los 10 últimos años, y se resaltan los principales retos y matices del proceso. Chile ha tomado medidas de política que incluyen el etiquetado frontal de los envases, la reglamentación de la publicidad y restricciones en cuanto a la alimentación en las escuelas. Las nuevas políticas se centran en los determinantes sociales de la salud pues guardan relación con el entorno en cuanto a la alimentación y el comportamiento de las personas. Estas medidas no solo son apropiadas para el contexto actual de Chile, sino que también se basan en las mejores pruebas científicas de que se dispone. Por otro lado, la aplicación de estas políticas ha generado un amplio debate con las instituciones públicas y la industria alimentaria, cuyos temas de discusión abarcan desde derechos de propiedad hasta barreras comerciales. A pesar de algunas diferencias entre los interesados directos, se ha logrado un valioso consenso político y varias organizaciones internacionales están dispuestas a evaluar la repercusión de estas iniciativas pioneras en América Latina.

O sobrepeso e a obesidade constituem uma epidemia global atingindo níveis alarmantes nos países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. O Chile não é exceção: o país tem registrado uma elevação acentuada da prevalência de obesidade, sobretudo em crianças em idade escolar. Este artigo descreve as medidas envolvendo políticas e estratégias implantadas no Chile na última década para combater este importante problema de saúde pública e destaca os principais desafios e as particularidades do processo. O país adotou políticas para rotulagem nutricional na parte da frente da embalagem dos produtos alimentícios, regulamentação da publicidade e restrições aos alimentos servidos em escolas. As novas políticas são direcionadas aos determinantes sociais da saúde por estarem associados aos ambientes e aos comportamentos alimentares da população. Além de serem adaptadas ao contexto atual do Chile, estas medidas se embasam nas melhores evidências científicas. A execução destas políticas deu início a um amplo debate entre as instituições públicas e a indústria de produtos alimentícios envolvendo de questões sobre direitos de propriedade às barreiras comerciais. Apesar das suas posições divergentes sobre alguns aspectos, os interessados diretos chegaram a um consenso político importante. As organizações internacionais esperam agora conhecer o resultado da avaliação do impacto dessas iniciativas pioneiras na América Latina.

Neural pathways of embarrassment and their modulation by social anxiety.

While being in the center of attention and exposed to other's evaluations humans are prone to experience embarrassment. To characterize the neural underpinnings of such aversive moments, we induced genuine experiences of embarrassment during person-group interactions in a functional neuroimaging study. Using a mock-up scenario with three confederates, we examined how the presence of an audience affected physiological and neural responses and the reported emotional experiences of failures and achievements. The results indicated that publicity induced activations in mentalizing areas and failures led to activations in arousal processing systems. Mentalizing activity as well as attention towards the audience were increased in socially anxious participants. The converging integration of information from mentalizing areas and arousal processing systems within the ventral anterior insula and amygdala forms the neural pathways of embarrassment. Targeting these neural markers of embarrassment in the (para-)limbic system provides new perspectives for developing treatment strategies for social anxiety disorders.

Addressing Library Anxiety (LA) in student nurses: a study in an NHS Foundation Trust Hospital library and information service.

Library anxiety is a concept which has been recognised in academic library circles since the early 1990s. It can result in students actively avoiding the library for the duration of their studies. Madeleine Still is Trust Librarian at North Tees & Hartlepool NHS Foundation Trust and while studying for an MSc, recognised that some student nurses were exhibiting signs of library anxiety. She decided to make it the focus of her MSc dissertation, and this article discusses her research project as well as highlighting the measures she has taken to address the issues she uncovered. Madeleine graduated in July 2013 with an MSc in Information & Library Studies from Robert Gordon University.

Can hospital promotional activities be more ethical?

At present, there exist a lot of violations of medical ethics in advertising and promotional activities, which have been infringing the rights of patients. Therefore, the ethical criteria should be established as soon as possible to regulate the hospital promotional activities, to regain the trust of people.

Application effect of diversified health-promoting models on rehabilitation exercises for cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

BACKGROUND: With improving living standards, the incidence of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) has become increasingly high. OBJECTIVE: The study aims to explore the effect of diversified health-promoting models on rehabilitation exercises in patients with CSM after an operation. METHOD: This was a randomized controlled trial, wherein 107 patients with CSM treated by neurosurgery were selected as the subjects. Of those, 52 patients in the control group adopted the conventional health-promoting model, while the remaining 55 patients in the intervention group adopted diversified health-promoting models. The effect of rehabilitation exercises in the two groups was evaluated according to the self-efficacy rehabilitation outcome scale, grip strength measurement of the affected limb, and Barthel index. RESULTS: At Day 3 post-operation and before discharge, the self-efficacy management of rehabilitation exercises in the intervention group was better than that of the control group (P< 0.05). The grip strength measurement of the affected limb, Japanese Orthopedic Association score of the cervical vertebra, and Barthel index of the two groups at Day 3 post-operation were lower than before the intervention and were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). However, these three items before discharge were improved when compared with those of before intervention and were statistically significant (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Postoperative rehabilitation exercises guided by the diversified health-promoting models for patients with CSM can improve the patients' self-efficacy management ability in rehabilitation exercises, help improve grip strength, and promote the recovery of cervical vertebra function, thereby improving the patients' quality of life.

Why bioprinting in regenerative medicine should adopt a rational technology readiness assessment.

Bioprinting is an annex of additive manufacturing, as defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards, characterized by the automated deposition of living cells and biomaterials. The tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TE&RM) community has eagerly adopted bioprinting, while review articles regularly herald its imminent translation to the clinic as functional tissues and organs. Here we argue that such proclamations are premature and counterproductive; they place emphasis on technological progress while typically ignoring the critical stage-gates that must be passed through to bring a technology to market. We suggest the technology readiness level (TRL) scale as a valuable metric for gauging the relative maturity of a bioprinting technology in relation to how it has passed a series of key milestones. We suggest guidelines for a bioprinting-oriented scale and use this to discuss the state-of-the-art of bioprinting in regenerative medicine (BRM) today. Finally, we make corresponding recommendations for improvements to BRM research that would support its progression to clinical translation.

Use of metadiscourse for identity construction in tourist city publicity：A comparative study of Chinese and Australian social media discourse.

Social media publicity has become an important way for the official tourism agency to promote the city image and interact with the public. In order to explore the linguistic devices that support tourist city publicity, a corpus-based comparative study is conducted on the use of metadiscourse and identity construction in Facebook posts on the public pages of the city Xiamen in China and Sydney in Australia. The corpus consists of 344 posts with a total of 12, 175 words on the page of Xiamen and 315 posts with a total of 12, 319 words on the page of Sydney collected over the same 1-year time span. Combining the statistical results of metadiscourse use and identity types with the analysis of specific examples, it is concluded that both posters use three categories of metadiscourse to construct the identities of introducer, inviter and evaluator for the purpose of promoting good city image and forming good interaction with the public. The differences in the frequencies of metadicourse and identity occurrences in the two corpora suggest different focuses on city publicity. This study has implications for the writing of tourist city publicity posts as well as raising posters' awareness of employing metadiscourse to construct identity and build rapport with readers so as to enhance the impact of the tourist cities.

Impact of consumer information capability on green consumption intention: the role of green trust and media publicity.

In the context of the digital information era, consumers' information capability plays a crucial role in shaping their green consumption intention. To delve deeper into the dynamics of how information capability influences consumers' green consumption intention, this study constructs a theoretical model grounded in information asymmetry theory and cognitive bias theory. Additionally, the mediating role of green trust and the moderating role of media publicity are incorporated to comprehensively investigate the influence mechanism of information capability on consumers' green consumption intention. Empirical analysis is conducted based on data collected through a questionnaire survey. The findings of this study reveal that information capability exerts a partially mediating effect on consumers' green consumption intention. Specifically, information capability directly influences consumers' green consumption intention, and it also indirectly impacts their green consumption intention through its influence on green trust. Furthermore, media publicity positively moderates the relationship between information capability and consumers' green consumption intention. This research contributes to the existing literature by enhancing our understanding of the influence pathway leading to green consumption intention. Its insights offer valuable implications for promoting green consumption and advancing sustainable development initiatives.

Improving the effectiveness of watershed environmental management-dynamic coordination through government pollution control and resident participation.

To improve the effectiveness of envir onmental management of watersheds and improve the environmental management mechanism of cross-administrative watersheds, we develop a neoliberal framework for action using incentives, examine the cooperative strategies of local governments in watershed treatment and people-oriented environmental protection under central government subsidies, and analyze the cost effectiveness of multiple strategies in a dynamic perspective, and we have the following important findings: (1) Compared to vertical ecological compensation, the introduction of horizontal cost-sharing contracts is more effective in enhancing inter-local cooperative environmental governance. (2) When the marginal benefit of the downstream local government is greater than half of the upstream marginal benefit, the upstream local government's pollution control investment and the effect of pollution control are improved, and the Pareto improvement of the environmental governance benefit of the watershed is realized, i.e., the cost-sharing contract driven by the downstream can achieve a win-win situation for both environmental and government governance benefits. (3) When the marginal benefit of downstream environmental advocacy is between 0.5 and 1.5 times the marginal benefit of upstream government, the cost-sharing contract is more effective in improving downstream benefits. Conversely, when the marginal benefit of downstream is greater than 1.5 times, the marginal benefit of upstream, the more effective the cost-sharing contract is in improving the marginal benefit of downstream. The results of the study provide useful insights for the government to develop reasonable pollution management cooperation mechanisms to improve environmental management performance and thus enhance the sustainable development of the watershed.

Problems and suggested improvement plans for occupational health service in Korea.

The purpose of this paper was to review the problems relating to Korea's occupational health services and suggest ways to improve them. Korea can be classified as a welfare state type of conservative corporatism partially interwoven with liberalism. While experiencing compressed economic growth, the economic sectors of developed (excess areas) and developing (deficient areas) countries are interwoven. Therefore, it is necessary to perfect conservative corporatism along with a complementary reinforcement of liberal contents and to apply a multilayered approach focusing on complementing the deficient areas. It is essential to form a national representative indicator related to occupational health, and a strategy for selection and concentration is needed. The proposed central indicator is the occupational health coverage rate (OHCR), which is the number of workers who have applied for mandatory occupational health services under the Occupational Safety and Health Act in the numerator with the total working population in the denominator. This paper proposes ways to raise the OHCR, which is currently at the level of 25%-40%, to 70%-80%, which is the level of Japan, Germany, and France. To achieve this target, it is necessary to focus on small businesses and vulnerable workers. This is an area of market failure and requires the active input of community-oriented public resources. For access to larger workplaces, the marketability of services should be strengthened and personal intervention using digital health resources should be actively attempted. Taking a national perspective, work environment improvement committees with tripartite (labor, management, and government) participation for improvement of the working environment need to be established at the center and in the regions. Through this, prevention funds linked to industrial accident compensation and prevention could be used efficiently. A national chemical substance management system must be established to monitor the health of workers and the general public.

Do information publicity and moral norms trigger waste-sorting intention among households? A sequential mediation analysis.

Introduction: The quick pace of technological advancement and urbanization has led to a significant increase in waste production, severely damaging environmental quality and human health. The sorting of waste is a viable option to reduce environmental hazards and attain high recovery rates in the cities. This research extended the theory of planned behavior (TPB) by integrating information publicity (IP) and moral norms (MNs). Methods: A conceptual model has been developed to explore the predictors of waste-sorting intention of households. The data from 361 Pakistani households have been collected using the purposive sampling method and analyzed via PLS-SEM. Results and discussion: The study's results revealed that IP is important in creating awareness and establishing moral norms regarding waste sorting among households. The findings further confirm that MN, attitude (ATD), subjective norms (SNs), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) sequentially mediate between IP and WSI. The findings of the current study provides useful practical implications to the practitioners and academicians to combat environmental pollution.