[Survival analysis of malignant tumors in cancer registration areas of Hubei province in China, 2013 to 2015].

Objective: To analyze the survival of newly diagnosed malignant tumors in cancer registration areas of Hubei Province from 2013 to 2015. Methods: From January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015, all newly diagnosed malignant tumors were collected from cancer registration areas in Hubei Province, and patients were followed up using a combination of active and passive methods. Cancer survival was analyzed using the strs package in Stata software. Observed and expected survival were calculated using the life table and Ederer Ⅱ methods, and the difference in survival rate of patients with different sex, age, urban and rural areas and different cancer species was compared. Results: From 2013 to 2015, 83 987 new malignant tumors were diagnosed in cancer registration areas in Hubei Province, including 45 742 males (54.46%) and 38245 females (45.54%). The overall 5-year relative survival rate was 41.46%, 34.43% for men and 49.63% for women. With the increase of age, the observed survival rate and relative survival rate of patients of different genders showed a decreasing trend. The 5-year relative survival rate of patients with malignant tumors was 47.58% in urban areas and 26.58% in rural areas. The observed survival rate and relative survival rate in rural areas were significantly lower than those in urban areas. The overall 5-year relative survival rates for common malignancies were 20.61% for lung cancer, 15.36% for liver cancer, 22.89% for esophageal cancer, 34.92% for gastric cancer, and 54.87% for colorectal cancer. In addition, the 5-year relative survival rates of common malignant tumors in women were 78.65% for breast cancer and 52.55% for cervical cancer. Conclusions: In Hubei Province, the survival rate of malignant tumors is different among different genders, regions, age groups and cancer species. Prevention and treatment and health education should be strengthened for malignant tumor patients in rural areas and those with high incidence and low survival rate such as liver cancer and lung cancer, and relevant strategies should be formulated according to the gender and age distribution characteristics of different cancer species.

Analysis and Prediction of the Survival Trends of Patients with Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Model-Based Period Analysis, 2001-2015.

BACKGROUND: Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide whose poor prognosis results in a serious disease burden on patients. The changing trend of the long-term relative survival rates (RSRs) of patients with ccRCC was analyzed in this study to evaluate their treatment results over a 15-year period. METHODS: This study is a retrospective study, which assessed and predicted the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of patients with ccRCC during 2001-2005, 2006-2010, 2011-2015, and 2016-2020 using data extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Period analysis was used in this study to analyze the data from the SEER database and to assess survival differences according to age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status (SES) during the 15-year study period by comparing Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS: During 2001-2015, the 5-year RSR of patients with ccRCC increased from 78.4% to 83.0%, and the generalized linear model predicted that the 5-year RSR increased to 85.7% during 2016-2020. The RSR of patients with ccRCC differed significantly with SES, race, sex, and age. Compared with male patients, the survival advantage of female patients decreased as their age increased. The RSR of all patients with ccRCC was also lower in patients with a lower SES and of black race. CONCLUSION: This study found an improvement in the RSR of patients with ccRCC during 2001-2020. Understanding the change trend of the survival rate of patients with ccRCC is helpful to improve the design of clinical trials. It also provides basic data and a scientific basis for evaluating the harm of ccRCC on the health of affected patients and the effect of cancer prevention, and developing cancer prevention plans.

Impact of Age on Long-Term Survival in Patients with Esophageal Cancer Who Underwent Transthoracic Esophagectomy.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Esophagectomy, which is one of the most invasive operations among gastrointestinal surgeries, deteriorates the physical condition of patients. Such deterioration may be severe in elderly patients and advanced age may negatively affect long-term survival. However, elderly patients are more likely to die from cancer-unrelated causes than younger patients. Therefore, when comparing the survival of elderly patients after cancer surgery with that of younger patients, it is necessary to control the influence of cancer-unrelated death. To address this problem, we calculated the relative survival and applied the excess hazard model to control the influence of competing risk of death from cancer. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 505 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy. Prognostic information was followed up to 10 years after surgery or until death in all patients. Prognostic information of patients lost to follow-up was retrieved from the Osaka Cancer Registry's database. First, we identified prognostic variables as confounders of age by univariate and multivariate analysis. Then, we estimated age effects using the excess hazard model including the prognostic variables as confounders. RESULTS: Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that clinical stage, residual tumor, and postoperative complications (p < 0.1) were confounders of age. Multivariate excess hazard model revealed that age was not a significant prognostic factor at any cutoff point. However, the excess hazard ratio of death tended to increase continuously in patients aged 70 years or older. CONCLUSIONS: When clinicians offer esophagectomy for esophageal cancer, age per se should not be a limiting factor. Strict evaluation of patients should be performed before surgery, especially in the elderly.

Recombinant baculovirus BacCarassius-D4ORFs has potential as a live vector vaccine against CyHV-2.

Cyprinid herpesvirus II (CyHV-2) is highly contagious and pathogenic to Carassius auratus gibelio (gibel carp), causing enormous economic losses in aquaculture in Yancheng city, Jiangsu province, China; however, to date, there is no effective way to protect C. auratus gibelio from CyHV-2 infection. In this study, a recombinant baculovirus vector vaccine, BacCarassius-D4ORFs, containing a fused codon-optimized sequence D4ORFs comprising the ORF72 (region 1-186 nt), ORF66 (region 993-1197 nt), ORF81 (region 603-783 nt) and ORF82 (region 85-186 nt) genes of CyHV-2, driven by a Megalobrama amblycephala ß-actin promoter, was constructed. Then, qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence assays showed that the fused gene D4ORFs was successfully delivered and expressed in fish cells or tissues by transduction with BacCarassius-D4ORFs. The fused gene D4ORFs could not be detected by PCR in the C. auratus gibelio injected with BacCarassius-D4ORFs after 7 weeks. Specific antibody against ORF72 could be detected in the serum of vaccinated C. auratus gibelio by injection with BacCarassius-D4ORFs. Furthermore, when C. auratus gibelio were vaccinated with BacCarassius-D4ORFs via the oral or injection route, followed by challenge with CyHV-2, the relative survival rate of immunized C. auratus gibelio reached 59.3% and 80.01%, respectively. These results suggested that BacCarassius-D4ORFs has the potential to be used as a vector-based vaccine for the prevention and treatment of disease caused by CyHV-2 infection.

Long-Term Survival Trend of Gynecological Cancer: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Cancer Registration Data.

Gynecological cancer significantly affect the health of women. This review aimed to describe the global patterns and trends in the survival of patients with gynecological cancers. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SinoMed, and SEER for survival analyses of cancer registration data of cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers published between 1980 and 2022. Globally, the highest 5-year observed survival rate for cervical cancer was 76.5% in Anshan, Liaoning, China (2008-2017). The 5-year observed survival rates of endometrial and ovarian cancers were higher in Finland (1995-1999, 82.5%) and Singapore (1988-1992, 62.0%). The 5-year relative survival rate of cervical cancer patients was higher in Haining, Zhejiang, China (2011-2014, 85.8%). Korea ranked first at 89.0% and 64.5% for endometrial and ovarian cancers, respectively. Survival rates have improved for cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. Patients aged ≥ 75 years and those with advanced-stage disease had the worst 5-year survival rates. Survival rates were better for squamous cell carcinoma in cervical cancer, for endometrial carcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma in endometrial cancer, and for germ cell and sex-cord stromal tumors in ovarian cancer. Over the past four decades, the survival rates of gynecological cancers have increased globally, with notable increases in cervical and endometrial cancers. Survival rates are higher in developed countries, with a slow-growing trend. Future studies should focus on improving survival, especially in ovarian cancer patients.

Observed and relative survival trends of lung cancer: A systematic review of population-based cancer registration data.

BACKGROUND: Using the published survival statistics from cancer registration or population-based studies, we aimed to describe the global pattern and trend of lung cancer survival. METHODS: By searching SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and SEER, all survival analyses from cancer registration or population-based studies of lung cancer were collected by the end of November 2022. The survival rates were extracted by sex, period, and country. The observed, relative, and net survival rates of lung cancer were applied to describe the pattern and time changes from the late 1990s to the early 21st century. RESULTS: Age-standardized 5-year relative/net survival rate of lung cancer was typically low, with 10%-20% for most regions. The highest age-standardized relative/net survival rate was observed in Japan (32.9%, 2010-2014), and the lowest was in India (3.7%, 2010-2014). In most countries, the five-year age-standardized relative/net survival rates of lung cancer were higher in females and younger people. The patients with adenocarcinoma had a better prognosis than other groups. In China, the highest 5-year overall relative/net survival rates were 27.90% and 31.62% in men and women in Jiangyin (2012-2013). CONCLUSION: Over the past decades, the prognosis of lung cancer has gradually improved, but significant variations were also observed globally. Worldwide, a better prognosis of lung cancer can be observed in females and younger patients. It is essential to compare and evaluate the histological or stage-specific survival rates of lung cancer between different regions in the future.

Descriptive epidemiology of bile duct carcinoma in Osaka.

OBJECTIVE: An outbreak of bile duct carcinoma has been reported among workers in a certain printing company in Osaka, Japan, where there was no descriptive epidemiological study. We conducted descriptive studies of bile duct carcinoma in Osaka. METHODS: Based on the data from the Osaka Cancer Registry, the incidence and survival rate of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas, gallbladder carcinomas and hepatocellular carcinomas were analyzed. The study period was between 1975 and 2007, and total 108 407 incidents were retrieved from the Osaka Cancer Registry. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates and age-standardized incidence rates were calculated. Standardized incidence ratios were evaluated for each municipality in Osaka prefecture. Relative 5-year survival rates were also calculated for the cases diagnosed between 1993 and 2005. RESULTS: Age-standardized incidence rates of bile duct carcinomas increased distinctly from the middle of the 1970s to the early 1980s in males and the 1990s in females. However, no distinct increase in the incidence rates was observed in 2000. Standardized incidence ratios of those did not exceed the unity significantly in males between 1992 and 2007. In females, standardized incidence ratios exceeded the unity significantly in a few regions without any relation to the location of the printing company where the outbreak was reported. The relative 5-year survival rate is generally poor; however, patients who were diagnosed with localized disease at the age of 25-49 years showed a better survival. CONCLUSION: Neither change in trend nor regional accumulation of bile duct carcinoma was confirmed in Osaka, corresponding to the outbreak reported in the printing company.

Five-Year Overall Survival and Prognostic Factors in Patients with Lung Cancer: Results from the Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry (KALC-R) 2015.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to provide the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and 5-year relative survival rates of lung cancer diagnosed in 2015. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The demographic risk factors of lung cancer were calculated using the KALC-R (Korean Association of Lung Cancer Registry) cohort in 2015, with survival follow-up until December 31, 2020. The 5-year relative survival rates were estimated using Ederer II methods, and the general population data used the death rate adjusted for sex and age published by the Korea Statistical Information Service from 2015 to 2020. RESULTS: We enrolled 2,657 patients with lung cancer who were diagnosed in South Korea in 2015. Of all patients, 2,098 (79.0%) were diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 345 (13.0%) were diagnosed with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), respectively. Old age, poor performance status, and advanced clinical stage were independent risk factors for both NSCLC and SCLC. In addition, the 5-year relative survival rate declined with advanced stage in both NSCLC (82%, 59%, 16%, 10% as the stage progressed) and SCLC (16%, 4% as the stage progressed). In patients with stage IV adenocarcinoma, the 5-year relative survival rate was higher in the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (19% vs. 11%) or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation (38% vs. 11%). CONCLUSION: In this Korean nationwide survey, the 5-year relative survival rates of NSCLC were 82% at stage I, 59% at stage II, 16% at stage III, and 10% at stage IV, and the 5-year relative survival rates of SCLC were 16% in cases with limited disease, and 4% in cases with extensive disease.

Relative survival analysis of gynecological cancers in an urban district of Shanghai during 2002-2013.

OBJECTIVE: Appraisal of cancer survival is essential for cancer control, but studies related to gynecological cancer are scarce. Using cancer registration data, we conducted an in-depth survival analysis of cervical, uterine corpus, and ovarian cancers in an urban district of Shanghai during 2002-2013. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The follow-up data of gynecological cancer from the Changning District of Shanghai, China, were used to estimate the 1-5-year observed survival rate (OSR) and relative survival rate (RSR) by time periods and age groups during 2002-2013. Age-standardized relative survival rates estimated by the international cancer survival standards were calculated during 2002-2013 to describe the prognosis of cervical, uterine corpus, and ovarian cancers among women in the district. RESULTS: In total, 1307 gynecological cancer cases were included in the survival analysis in the district during 2002-2013. Among gynecological cancers, the 5-year OSRs and RSRs of uterine corpus cancer were highest (5-year OSR 84.40%, 5-year RSR 87.67%), followed by those of cervical cancer (5-year OSR 73.58%, 5-year RSR 75.91%), and those of ovarian cancer (5-year OSR 53.89%, 5-year RSR 55.90%). After age adjustment, the 5-year relative survival rates of three gynecological cancers were 71.23%, 80.11%, and 43.27%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The 5-year relative survival rate did not show a systematic temporal trend in cervical cancer, uterine cancer, or ovarian cancer. The prognosis in elderly patients was not optimistic, and this needs a more advanced strategy for early diagnosis and treatment. The age structure of gynecological cancer patients in the district tended to be younger than the standardized age, which implies that more attention to the guidance and health education for the younger generation is needed.

Analysis and prediction of 5-year survival in patients with cutaneous melanoma: a model-based period analysis.

Background: The survival and prognosis of patients are significantly threatened by cutaneous melanoma (CM), which is a highly aggressive disease. It is therefore crucial to determine the most recent survival rate of CM. This study used population-based cancer registry data to examine the 5-year relative survival rate of CM in the US. Methods: Period analysis was used to assess the relative survival rate and trends of patients with CM in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database during 2004-2018. And based on the data stratified by age, gender, race and subtype in the SEER database, a generalized linear model was 12established to predict the 5-year relative survival rate of CM patients from 2019 to 2023. Results: The 5-year relative survival increased to various degrees for both total CM and CM subtypes during the observation period. The improvement was greatest for amelanotic melanoma, increasing from 69.0% to 81.5%. The 5-year overall relative survival rates of CM were 92.9%, 93.5%, and 95.6% for 2004-2008, 2009-2013, and 2014-2018, respectively. Females had a marginally higher survival rate than males for almost all subtypes, older people had lower survival rates than younger people, white patients had higher survival rates than nonwhite ones, and urban locations had higher rates of survival from CM than rural locations did. The survival rate of CM was significantly lower for distant metastasis. Conclusion: The survival rate of patients with CM gradually improved overall during 2004-2018. With the predicted survival rate of 96.7% for 2019-2023, this trend will still be present. Assessing the changes experienced by patients with CM over the previous 15 years can help in predicting the future course of CM. It also provides a scientific foundation that associated departments can use to develop efficient tumor prevention and control strategies.

Cancer incidence, mortality, and survivorship in African women: a comparative analysis (2016-2020).

Objectives: This research aims to provide concrete insight into cancer incidence, mortality, and survivorship dynamics among African women between 2016 and 2020. Methods: The study computes the Mortality-to-Incidence Ratio (MIR) for 53 countries in Africa with available mortality and incidence data. It uses relevant Life Tables to obtain the 5-year Relative Survival rate for women in different age cohorts based on General Survival Rate and 5-year Cancer Prevalence data from the World Health Organization (WHO). The study performs an analysis of variance tests. Results: The results of the initial data analysis show that women in the top economies in Africa have the highest cancer incidence and mortality. The study also finds that women in Northern and Southern African countries have higher relative survival rates and lower MIR than other African regions. ANOVA results confirm statistically significant differences in 5-year relative survival across the African regions. The relative survival at 5 years was an average of 45% across all age groups within the continent although relative survival is highest among females aged 5-19 and 80-84. The lowest relative survival rates are seen for infants (0-4), adolescents and young adults (25-29), and the very elderly (85+). Conclusion: The study concludes that while cancer incidence in Africa is linked to affluence, survival is very challenging, especially for the least developed economies in Western, Eastern, and Central Africa. The results indicate the need for crucial intervention in the continent concerning awareness, research, and data collection methodology.

Recent estimates and predictions of 5-year survival rate in patients with pancreatic cancer: A model-based period analysis.

Background: The 5-year survival rate for pancreatic cancer (PC) is incredibly low, resulting in this often being a fatal disease. Timely and accurate assessment of the survival rate and prognosis of patients with PC is of great significance for the development of new programs for prevention, monitoring, and treatment. Methods: Period analysis and further stratified analysis were used to determine the 5-year relative survival rate (RSR) of patients with PC from 2002 to 2016 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) project database of the National Cancer Institute. Based on this, a generalized linear model was created to predict the survival rate of patients from 2017 to 2021. Result: During 2002-2016, the 5-year RSR of patients with PC increased from 7.9 to 23.7%. The generalized linear model predicted that the survival rate had increased to 33.9% during 2017-2021, and hence, it was still unacceptably low. The survival rate of patients aged ≥75 years at diagnosis was the lowest among all age groups and was predicted to be only 21.4% during 2017-2021. Notably, the survival rate of patients with differentiation grade III at diagnosis remains particularly low at 7.6%. Conclusion: The survival rates of patients with PC, although slightly improved, remain extremely low. Timely assessment of the trend of survival rate changes in patients with PC further improves the prognosis of tumor patients and provides data support for relevant medical works to formulate effective tumor prevention and control policies.

Trends of stomach cancer survival: A systematic review of survival rates from population-based cancer registration.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe the pattern and time trends of survival from stomach cancer worldwide from population-based cancer registers. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, SEER and SinoMed for articles published up to 31 December 2020 was conducted. All eligible survival analyses of stomach cancer were collected and evaluated by countries or regions, periods, sex and age groups. RESULTS: Our review included 76 articles on stomach cancer survival rates and found that these rates had improved globally with time, although this increase was unremarkable. The highest 5-year survival rate of 72.1% was observed in Japan (2004-2007). The 5-year relative and net survival, rates were relatively high in Korea and Japan, while they were fairly poor in Africa and India. Sex-specific survival rates were higher in women than in men in America, Europe and Oceania, whereas they were relatively low in Asia. The poorest age-specific 5-year relative and net survival rates were observed in patients aged over 75 years. CONCLUSIONS: Over the past decades, patient prognosis of stomach cancer has gradually improved worldwide and survival rates in developed regions were higher than those in developing regions. White men and Asian women had a poorer survival than white women and Asian men. Younger patients had better survival rates than those aged over 75 years globally.

Analysis and prediction of relative survival trends in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in the United States using a model-based period analysis method.

Background: Survival rates are usually used to evaluate the effect of cancer treatment and prevention. This study aims to analyze the 5-year relative survival of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in United States using population-based cancer registry data. Methods: A period analysis was used to evaluate the improvement in long-term prognosis of patients with NHL from 2004 to 2018, and a generalized linear model was developed to predict the 5-year relative survival rates of patients during 2019-2023 based on data from the SEER database stratified by age, sex, race and subtype. Results: In this study, relative survival improved for all NHL, although the extent of improvement varied by sex, age group and lymphoma subtype. Survival improvement was also noted for NHL subtypes, although the extent varied, with marginal-zone lymphoma having the highest 5-year relative survival rate (92.5%) followed by follicular lymphoma (91.6%) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (87.3%). Across all subtypes, survival rates were slightly higher in females than in males. Survival rates are lower in the elderly than in the young. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that black patients had lower NHL survival rates than white patients. Survival rates for NHL were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Patients with extra-nodal NHL had a higher survival rate than patients with nodal NHL. Conclusion: Overall, patient survival rates for NHL gradually improved during 2004-2018. The trend continues with a survival rate of 75.2% for the period 2019-2023. Analysis by NHL subtype and subgroups indicating that etiology and risk factors may differ by subtype. Identification of population-specific prevention strategies and treatments for each subtype can be aided by understanding these variations.

New use for old drug: Local delivery of puerarin facilitates critical-size defect repair in rats by promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis.

Objectives: Large bone defect repair is a challenging clinical problem due to limited self-repair ability. A well-designed bone filling product should possess the ability to induce tissue in-growth and facilitate neovascularization and new bone formation. Puerarin has been used in clinics for a long time, and recently it was found to be able to promote osteogenesis. This study aimed to investigate a puerarin-based drug/delivery combination implant for promoting large bone defect repair. Methods: Puerarin was incorporated into the poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/ß-calcium phosphate (PLGA/TCP, PT) to form a porous PLGA/TCP/Puerarin (PTP) composite scaffold by low-temperature rapid prototyping technology. Its structural and degradation were analyzed in vitro. Then we employed a rat calvarial critical size defect model to assess the potency of the PTP scaffold. MC3T3-E1 cells and EA. hy 926 â€‹cells were used to investigate the underlying mechanism. Results: PTP scaffold inherited all advantages of PT scaffold in structural, mechanical, and biodegradation, meanwhile puerarin stably and continuously released from PTP scaffold and lasted for 5 months in vitro. At 8 weeks after implantation, the PTP scaffold triggered new bone formation in the macro-pores of the scaffold and inside the scaffold accompanied by the degrading materials. The underlying mechanism revealed that the PTP scaffold induced vascular infiltration and recruit repair cells through stimulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) expressions to promote angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Conclusion: Puerarin-enriched porous PTP scaffold was a promising local delivery system with sustained release of puerarin for facilitating defect repair through getting synergistic angiogenic and osteogenic effects. The Translational Potential of this Article: The PTP scaffold presents a potential drug/device combination medical implant for large bone defect repair, which also provides a new and innovative application for the "old drug" puerarin.

Survival patterns of invasive lobular and invasive ductal breast cancer in a large population-based cohort with two decades of follow up.

BACKGROUND: Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) comprises 8-15 % of all invasive breast cancers and large population-based studies with >10 years of follow-up are rare. Whether ILC has a long-time prognosis different from that of invasive ductal carcinoma, (IDC) remains controversial. PURPOSE: To investigate the excess mortality rate ratio (EMRR) of patients with ILC and IDC and to correlate survival with clinical parameters in a large population-based cohort. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1989 through 2006, we identified 17,481 patients diagnosed with IDC (n = 14,583) or ILC (n = 2898), younger than 76 years from two Swedish Regional Cancer Registries. Relative survival (RS) during 20 years of follow up was analysed. RESULTS: ILC was significantly associated with older age, larger tumours, ER positivity and well differentiated tumours. We noticed an improved survival for patients with ILC during the first five years, excess mortality rate ratio (EMRR) 0.64 (CI 95 % 0.53-0.77). This was shifted to a significant decreased survival 10-15 years after diagnosis (EMRR 1.49, CI 95 % 1.16-1.93). After 20 years the relative survival rates were similar, 0.72 for ILC and 0.73 for IDC. CONCLUSIONS: During the first five years after surgery, the EMRR was lower for patients with ILC as compared to patients with IDC, but during the years 10-15 after surgery, we observed an increased EMRR for patients with ILC as compared to IDC. These EMRR between ILC and IDC were statistically significant but the absolute difference in excess mortality between the two groups was small.

Survival Trends of Metastatic Lung Cancer in California by Age at Diagnosis, Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Histology, 1990-2014.

BACKGROUND: We analyzed the survival trends for patients with metastatic lung cancer in California. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified patients first diagnosed with primary lung cancer at distant (metastatic) stage in the California Cancer Registry between 1990 and 2014, with follow-up through end of 2015. Race/ethnicity was categorized into non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander. One-year and 5-year relative survival rates were calculated overall and by age at diagnosis, gender, race/ethnicity, and histology during the study period. Joinpoint regression was used to evaluate the trends and to calculate the annual percentage changes (APCs). RESULTS: A total of 186,156 adults were identified for analysis. Between 1990 and 2014, 1-year relative survival significantly improved from 18.4% to 29.4%, with most improvement observed between 1993 and 2012 (APC, 2.60%; 95% confidence interval, 2.41-2.79; P < .01). Five-year relative survival significantly improved from 2.2% to 5.0%, with an APC of 4.05% (95% confidence interval, 3.47-4.64; P < .01). All age groups experienced an improvement in survival rates. The greatest increases in relative survival were observed among females, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and patients with adenocarcinoma. Yearly survival rates increased for all histologic types over the study period, with adenocarcinoma having the most improvement after 2000. CONCLUSIONS: Survival for patients with metastatic lung cancer in California steadily improved during the 1990 to 2014 period, before the era of lung cancer screening and cancer immunotherapy. The greatest increase in relative survival was observed in those patients who have the most clinical benefit from the history- and biomarker-based precision oncology drugs during the study period.

Recent survival trends in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma--Have we made any progress beyond rituximab?

BACKGROUND: Population-based studies previously showed an improvement in overall survival (OS) for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who received chemoimmunotherapy with rituximab. However, there is limited data (especially at the population level) that show a similar trend in OS improvement, in the most recent time period. We hypothesized that survival for DLBCL patients diagnosed in the United States has continued to improve in recent years and intended to measure outcome improvements. METHODS: Using the SEER-18 registries, we compared the incidence and relative survival rates (RSRs) of DLBCL patients between 2002-2007 and 2008-2013 (availability of novel agents, broader use of autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation and improvement in supportive care). Multivariable Cox regression models were used to assess associations between the year of diagnosis and OS while controlling for age, gender, stage, and ethnicity. RESULTS: There were a total of 53 439 patients with DLBCL who were diagnosed between 2002 and 2013. Of these, 25 810 were diagnosed during time period-1 and 27 629 diagnosed during time period-2. There was a slight decline in incidence of DLBCL (time period-1 vs time period-2), 7.75 (95% CI = 7.66-7.84) vs 7.43 (95% CI = 7.34-7.52) cases per 100 000 persons, respectively (P < .0001). Overall, there was a modest improvement in DLBCL RSRs, with 5-year RSR improving from 61% (time period-1) to 64% (time period-2) and the improvement was noted across all subsets of patients. On multivariable analysis, patients diagnosed in time period-2 had lower mortality relative to time period-1 (HR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.85-0.89). CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows an improvement in the outcomes of DLBCL patients beyond the introduction of rituximab, although the magnitude of improvement is small. It will be interesting to see the impact of chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapy translating to population-level survival in the next 5 years.

Survival analysis of malignant tumors in cancer registration areas of Hubei province in China, 2013 to 2015 / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To analyze the survival of newly diagnosed malignant tumors in cancer registration areas of Hubei Province from 2013 to 2015. Methods: From January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015, all newly diagnosed malignant tumors were collected from cancer registration areas in Hubei Province, and patients were followed up using a combination of active and passive methods. Cancer survival was analyzed using the strs package in Stata software. Observed and expected survival were calculated using the life table and Ederer Ⅱ methods, and the difference in survival rate of patients with different sex, age, urban and rural areas and different cancer species was compared. Results: From 2013 to 2015, 83 987 new malignant tumors were diagnosed in cancer registration areas in Hubei Province, including 45 742 males (54.46%) and 38245 females (45.54%). The overall 5-year relative survival rate was 41.46%, 34.43% for men and 49.63% for women. With the increase of age, the observed survival rate and relative survival rate of patients of different genders showed a decreasing trend. The 5-year relative survival rate of patients with malignant tumors was 47.58% in urban areas and 26.58% in rural areas. The observed survival rate and relative survival rate in rural areas were significantly lower than those in urban areas. The overall 5-year relative survival rates for common malignancies were 20.61% for lung cancer, 15.36% for liver cancer, 22.89% for esophageal cancer, 34.92% for gastric cancer, and 54.87% for colorectal cancer. In addition, the 5-year relative survival rates of common malignant tumors in women were 78.65% for breast cancer and 52.55% for cervical cancer. Conclusions: In Hubei Province, the survival rate of malignant tumors is different among different genders, regions, age groups and cancer species. Prevention and treatment and health education should be strengthened for malignant tumor patients in rural areas and those with high incidence and low survival rate such as liver cancer and lung cancer, and relevant strategies should be formulated according to the gender and age distribution characteristics of different cancer species.