RESUMEN
UNLABELLED: AIM/ BACKGROUND: beta-Fluoroethyl acetate (FEA), a derivative of sodium fluoroacetate (Compound 1080, FA), is one of the high-potency toxic chemicals, and it has been used against rats and wild animals. Human casualties from FA or FEA poisoning, accidental or suicidal, have been reported. Survivors of the poisoning are extremely rare. The objective of this study is to present survivors of FEA poisoning. METHOD: Data on the survivors were collected at the Department of Neurology over the past 20 years. Reviews of the medical record and brain imaging were performed. RESULTS: A total of 10 survivors of FEA poisoning were found. All of the cases were suicide attempts. The amount of FEA ingested varied from 600 to 1800 mg with a mean of 1200 mg, which is close to the lethal dose of FEA. Immediately after ingestion, all of the patients had an altered mental status. On awakening, all of the patients had severe cerebellar dysfunction, such as ataxic gait, dysarthria and intention tremor. The cerebellar dysfunction usually improved gradually over the years after the event, but this improvement eventually plateaued, resulting in residual and persistent cerebellar dysfunction. Serial imaging showed swelling in the posterior fossa during the acute phase and progressive cerebellar atrophy on follow-up. CONCLUSION: In summary, FEA poisoning causes a selective cerebellar syndrome in its survivors. The pathomechanism underlying the selective cerebellar toxicity of FEA remains to be elucidated. The selective involvement of the cerebellum might provide a useful model for cerebellar degeneration.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/envenenamiento , Enfermedades Cerebelosas/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades Cerebelosas/patología , Síndromes de Neurotoxicidad/patología , Rodenticidas/envenenamiento , Adulto , Encéfalo/patología , Enfermedades Cerebelosas/psicología , Cerebelo/patología , Coma/inducido químicamente , Coma/psicología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Trastornos Neurológicos de la Marcha/inducido químicamente , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndromes de Neurotoxicidad/psicología , Intento de Suicidio , Sobrevivientes , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The alkoxyacetic acids (AAAs) are urinary metabolites of alkoxyethanol solvents. It is well documented that these chemicals can cause acute hemolytic anemia in humans and laboratory animals. There are scarce data on the relative hemolytic activity of these acids. Likewise, information is lacking on the relationship between their hemolytic activity and physicochemical properties. The aim of this study was to compare the hemolytic activity of five AAAs in red blood cells (RBCs) derived from donors' blood and male Wistar rats. Moreover, the possible relationship between lipophilic and hemolytic activity of AAAs was also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The RBCs washed in TRIS buffer, pH 7.4, were adjusted to a packed cell volume (PCV) of about 20% and incubated in a water bath at 37 degrees C for 0-3 h in the presence of different concentrations of AAAs. The hemolytic effects, in terms of the changes in RBCs, PCV, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and free hemoglobin (HGBfree) in incubation medium, were evaluated. Based on the dose-response relationship for RBCs, PCV and MCV, the effective concentration values (EC50) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. The octanol-water partition coefficient (log P) and distribution coefficient (log D) of AAAs were computed using PALLAS software. The correlation between log P and log D values for AAAs at pH 7.4 and their EC50 was analyzed. RESULTS: Human RBCs were 1.9-3.1 times more resistant to the hemolytic activity of AAAs than rat erythrocytes. Also, the hemolytic activity of individual AAAs did not differ considerably; the maximum differences ranging from 2.0 to 3.3. The EC50 values of AAAs highly correlated with their log P and log D values. CONCLUSIONS: The relatively small differences between the hemolytic effects of AAAs on rat and human erythrocytes may be associated with the strong acidity and relatively similar lipophilicity of these chemicals.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/toxicidad , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Acetatos/envenenamiento , Animales , Hemólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) has been associated with a variety of infective as well as non-infective causes. HUS as a toxic manifestation of exposure to herbicides/pesticides has not been reported so far in literature. We report a subject who presented with clinical features of features of HUS after intentional suicidal ingestion of the herbicidal agent monochloroacetic acid (MCA). A 55-year-old farmer was admitted with a history of consumption of monochloroacetic acid with vomiting, hematochezia and oligo-anuria. Our investigations revealed severe renal failure, metabolic acidosis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia with evidence of intravascular hemolysis. He was treated for HUS with plasma transfusions and haemodialysis in view of renal failure. During the course of hospital admission he developed acute antero-septal myocardial infarction and subsequently succumbed to the disease. MCA is used as an herbicidal agent and also a bleaching agent for silkworm cocoons. The toxicity of MCA has included metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis and renal failure; however HUS has not been described in the literature. Extra -renal manifestations of HUS such as cardiomyopathy have also been infrequently described. This case is presented to highlight an as yet unknown toxicity of MCA.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/envenenamiento , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urémico/inducido químicamente , Herbicidas/envenenamiento , Intento de Suicidio , Transfusión de Componentes Sanguíneos , Resultado Fatal , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urémico/patología , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urémico/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio , Diálisis Renal , Insuficiencia Renal/inducido químicamente , Insuficiencia Renal/patología , Insuficiencia Renal/terapiaRESUMEN
The tissue distribution of ethyl acetate and ethanol in a case of acute intoxication by ethyl acetate is presented. The victim was a 39-year-old man who was found dead lying on his abdomen in the interior of a tank containing ethyl acetate. Confirmation of ethyl acetate was obtained with static headspace gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. In blood, rapid biotransformation of ethyl acetate occurs by plasma esterases resulting in acetic acid and ethanol. Quantitation of ethyl acetate and ethanol in the postmortem samples was performed using static headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. N-butanol was used as internal standard. Separation of the compounds was obtained on a Supelcowaxtrade mark-10 Fused Silica capillary column. The method was linear over the specific ranges investigated and showed a within-run accuracy of 99.8 and 101.0% and a precision of 0.5 and 2.0% for ethanol and ethyl acetate, respectively. The postmortem samples were analyzed in duplicate or triplicate. Coefficients of variation were < or =4.51% for ethyl acetate and < or =0.52% for ethanol. The low ratios of the ethyl acetate concentration to the ethanol concentration found in the postmortem tissue samples confirmed the rapid in vivo biotransformation of ethyl acetate. The highest concentration of ethyl acetate was found in the testis indicating that postmortem percutane absorption may have occurred. To our knowledge, this is the first reported tissue distribution study of ethyl acetate and ethanol in a case of acute intoxication by ethyl acetate.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes de Trabajo , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/farmacocinética , Etanol/farmacocinética , Acetatos/sangre , Acetatos/envenenamiento , Adulto , Biotransformación , Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/sangre , Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/envenenamiento , Esterasas/sangre , Etanol/sangre , Etanol/envenenamiento , Ionización de Llama , Medicina Legal , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Humanos , Hipoxia/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
Epidemiologic studies of disinfection by-products have traditionally focused on total trihalomethane (TTHM) concentration as a surrogate for maternal exposure during pregnancy. We used birth certificate data on 196,000 infants to examine the effect of third-trimester exposures on various indices of fetal development. We examined the effect of town-average concentrations of TTHM and additional exposure metrics in relation to mean birth weight, mean gestational age, small for gestational age (SGA) infancy, and preterm delivery. Trihalomethane data (TTHM, chloroform, and bromodichloromethane) from 1995-1998 were available for 109 towns in Massachusetts. Data from 1997-1998 on haloacetic acid (total haloacetic acids, dichloroacetic acid, and trichloroacetic acid), 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5- hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX), and mutagenicity were available for a limited number of towns. We observed reductions in mean birth weight (12-18 g) for maternal trihalomethane exposures > the 90th percentile compared with those < the 50th percentile. Birth weight reductions were detected for chloroform exposures > 20 microg/L and TTHM exposures > 40 microg/L. Elevated trihalomethanes were associated with increases in gestational duration and a reduced risk of preterm delivery. We found evidence of an exposure-response effect of trihalomethanes on risk of SGA, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.09 to 1.23 for bromodichloromethane exposures > 5 microg/L. Elevated mutagenic activity was associated with SGA [OR = 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04 to 1.51] and mean birth weight (-27 g; 95% CI, -54 to -1). Although smaller in magnitude, our findings are consistent with previous studies reporting associations between trihalomethanes and SGA. These data also suggest a relationship between fetal development indices and mutagenic activity independent of exposure to trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and MX.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/envenenamiento , Certificado de Nacimiento , Desinfección , Furanos/envenenamiento , Recién Nacido Pequeño para la Edad Gestacional , Mutágenos/envenenamiento , Resultado del Embarazo , Trihalometanos/envenenamiento , Adolescente , Adulto , Peso al Nacer , Daño del ADN , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Estudios Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Trabajo de Parto Prematuro , Oportunidad Relativa , Embarazo , Tercer Trimestre del Embarazo , Medición de Riesgo , Purificación del AguaRESUMEN
A major challenge in studies that examine the association between disinfection byproducts in drinking water and pregnancy outcomes is the accurate representation of a subject's exposure. We used household water samples and questionnaire information on water-use behavior to examine several aspects of exposure assessment: (i) the distribution and correlation of specific disinfection byproducts, (ii) spatial distribution system and temporal variation in byproduct levels, and (iii) the contribution of individual water-use behavior. The level of specific trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) was determined for 360 household water samples in Eastern Ontario and Nova Scotia. Subjects were interviewed regarding tap water ingestion and showering and bathing practices. In both provinces, total THMs correlated highly with chloroform (correlation coefficient (r) >0.95) and less so with total HAAs (r = 0.74 in Nova Scotia and r = 0.52 in Ontario). The correlation between total THMs and bromodichloromethane was high in Nova Scotia (r = 0.63), but low in Ontario (r = 0.26). The correlation was between THM level in individual household samples, and the mean THM level during the same time period from several distribution system samples was 0.63, while a higher correlation in THM level was observed for samples taken at the same location 1 year apart (r = 0.87). A correlation of 0.73 was found between household THM level and a total exposure measure incorporating ingestion, showering, and bathing behaviors. These results point to the importance of: measurement of different classes of byproducts; household rather than distribution system sampling; and, incorporation of subject behaviors in exposure assessment in epidemiologic studies of disinfection byproducts and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/análisis , Acetatos/envenenamiento , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Resultado del Embarazo , Trihalometanos/análisis , Trihalometanos/envenenamiento , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/envenenamiento , Abastecimiento de Agua , Adulto , Canadá/epidemiología , Recolección de Datos , Desinfección , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Estudios Epidemiológicos , Monitoreo Epidemiológico , Femenino , Humanos , Higiene , Embarazo , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
A large number of passerine birds, mainly greenfinches, were found dead or dying in a hedgerow close to a field of onions recently sprayed with sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA). An analytical method is described for isolating monochloroacetic acid from bird tissues, as its potassium salt, by ion exchange chromatography. The ion exchange eluate is evaporated to dryness, acidified, extracted with ether and the ethereal extract methylated with diazomethane. The concentration of the methyl ester of monochloroacetic acid is determined using the Mass Selective Detector in the selected ion mode. Chemical analysis confirmed the exposure of the birds to SMCA. It is calculated that 50 microliter of spray contained the lethal dose of SMCA for a greenfinch.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/envenenamiento , Enfermedades de las Aves/inducido químicamente , Acetatos/análisis , Aerosoles , Animales , Enfermedades de las Aves/patología , Aves , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Espectrometría de Masas , Intoxicación/patología , Intoxicación/veterinariaRESUMEN
Chemical burns can be complicated by the absorption of some of the toxic products through the skin and a subsequent systemic toxicity. We report here the case of a 3-year-old child who was accidentally exposed to monochloroacetic acid and sent to our burn unit with second-degree burn wounds. Regardless of the entry route, monochloroacetic is rapidly and very effectively absorbed and induces a severe toxic syndrome. In the case of skin resorption, the severity of the intoxication is directly related to the area of the contaminated skin contaminated with fatalities when the exposure level reaches more than 5% of the body surface. In the case of a chemical burn with a suspicion of systemic toxicity or in case of burn with an unusual product, the correct attitude is to contact a poison information center, to immediately wash the exposed skin, and to start treating the systemic toxicity as soon as possible. The availability of specific antidotes in the case of unusual poisoning can be a problem.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/envenenamiento , Quemaduras Químicas/etiología , Accidentes , Acetatos/farmacocinética , Acetatos/uso terapéutico , Acidosis/etiología , Adsorción , Quemaduras Químicas/patología , Niño , Preescolar , Resultado Fatal , Humanos , Errores de Medicación , Molusco Contagioso/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
A retrospective study was done on corrosive oesophageal burns to ascertain the preventive effect of corticosteroids on stricture development. Within the last 12 years 351 children were admitted to our medical centre with a history of corrosive agent ingestion. In 235 of these the diagnosis of oesophageal burn was confirmed by means of oesophagoscopy. Children admitted within the first 48 hours received steroid, antibiotic and fluid therapy while fluid and antibiotics were given, if needed, in the rest. Forty-six of the children were lost to follow-up. The type of corrosive agent, the admission period, the degree of the burn and the stricture development were used as parameters. Stricture development was found statistically significant in late admitted patients vs. early admissions. This retrospective study suggests the effectiveness of corticosteroid treatment in preventing the stricture development.
Asunto(s)
Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Quemaduras Químicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Estenosis Esofágica/inducido químicamente , Acetatos/envenenamiento , Niño , Estenosis Esofágica/prevención & control , Humanos , Ácido Clorhídrico/envenenamiento , Nitratos/envenenamiento , Estudios Retrospectivos , Hidróxido de Sodio/envenenamiento , Hipoclorito de Sodio/envenenamiento , Ácidos Sulfúricos/envenenamiento , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Two separate incidents of poisoning, one involving the death of 10 cattle and the other four sheep following the use of sodium monochloroacetate, were investigated. The cattle drank from a farmyard drain overflow which undissolved herbicide entered. Sheep had access to spilt herbicide by a standpipe. Sodium monochloroacetate appears to be equally toxic to both sheep and cattle. The need to follow the manufacturers' instructions is emphasised.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/envenenamiento , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/inducido químicamente , Animales , Bovinos , Femenino , Masculino , OvinosRESUMEN
Two patients admitted after ingestion of 80% acetic acid are described. Only the first patient developed haemolysis, slight intravascular coagulation and oliguric kidney insufficiency. They were treated with a nasogastric tube and total parenteral feeding. During the first week after admission urinary excretion of beta 2-microglobulin, alanine-aminopeptidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase was significantly increased. The patients remained haemodynamically stable and did not develop fever. The above-mentioned elevated excretions returned to normal levels. Both patients showed similar patterns of tubular proteinuria. The observations in the second patient suggest a direct toxic effect of acetic acid on the proximal tubule of the kidney.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/envenenamiento , Lesión Renal Aguda/inducido químicamente , Túbulos Renales/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Acético , Acetilglucosaminidasa/orina , Adolescente , Adulto , Aminopeptidasas/orina , Antígenos CD13 , Esofagitis/inducido químicamente , Femenino , Gastritis/inducido químicamente , Hemólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Microglobulina beta-2/orinaRESUMEN
The kidneys of 118 patients who had perished because of vinegar acid poisoning were studied morphologically in periods from 2 hours to 26 days. Comparisons of morphological findings and clinical patterns and different methods of treatment of this kind of intoxication were made. Lesions of the kidneys in vinegar acid poisoning were similar to those in acute hemoglobinuric nephrosis. A characteristic morphological feature of acute renal insufficiency was ruptures of distal tubules. Some peculiar features of the morphology of the kidneys in acute renal insufficiency associated with treatment methods (stimulation of osmotic diuresis, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialyses) were revealed. It was established that early intensive complex therapy changed essentially the morphological picture of acute hemoglobinuric nephrosis and could prevent irreversible lesions--ruptures of distal tubules.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/envenenamiento , Lesión Renal Aguda/inducido químicamente , Riñón/patología , Lesión Renal Aguda/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Humanos , Túbulos Renales Distales/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Diálisis Peritoneal , Diálisis RenalRESUMEN
Acute renal insufficiency (ARI) -- one of the most frequent manifestations of many exogenous intoxications. On the ground of a morphological investigation of 625 kidneys in poisoning with various poisons, the authors have come to the conclusion that the acute nephrotic syndrome is the basis of ARI in a "toxic" kidney". A morphological classification of the nephrotic syndrome is given: necrotic nephrosis hydropic nephrosis (glycolic nephrosis), cortical necrosis of the kidney, excretory nephrosis, acute lipid nephrosis. Morphological characteristics of the nephrotic syndrome forms referred to above are presented. Lesions of the kidney in exogenous intoxications are caused first of all by the direct toxic action of a poison. Toxic shock is an important factor in the development of ARI.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Intoxicación/complicaciones , Acetatos/envenenamiento , Lesión Renal Aguda/inducido químicamente , Lesión Renal Aguda/clasificación , Glicoles de Etileno/envenenamiento , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/complicaciones , Humanos , Hidrocarburos Clorados/envenenamiento , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/envenenamiento , Insecticidas/envenenamiento , Metales/envenenamiento , Intoxicación por Setas/complicaciones , Compuestos OrganofosforadosRESUMEN
The functional condition of the heart in exotoxic shock, the most severe complication in the early toxicogenic form of acute poisoning, was studied in 230 patients in whom shock had developed on the background of severe acute poisoning with fluid caustics, dichloroethane, organophosphoric insecticides or soporifics. The results of the studies show that in the phase of compensated shock the revealed disorders are mainly due to the compensatory intensification of the cardiac activity in response to the "chemical trauma". Affection of the contractile myocardium in this period of shock does not play any noticeable role in the development of hemodynamic disorders, the only exception are cases in which the preparation that had caused the poisoning possesses a specific cardiotoxic effect ("primary specific cardiotoxic effect"). The increase of the general phenomena of disorders of microcirculation and hypoxia leads to diminution of the enzyme control of metabolic processes in the myocardium and the development of secondary dystrophic changes in the myocardial fibre ("secondary nonspecific cardiotoxic effect").
Asunto(s)
Cardiopatías/inducido químicamente , Intoxicación/complicaciones , Choque Séptico/complicaciones , Acetatos/envenenamiento , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Dicloruros de Etileno/envenenamiento , Femenino , Cardiopatías/fisiopatología , Hemodinámica , Humanos , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/envenenamiento , Insecticidas/envenenamiento , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Contracción Miocárdica/efectos de los fármacos , Miocardio/patología , Compuestos Organofosforados , Resistencia Vascular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Assay of the clinical course of poisoning with acetic acid, dichloroethane, carbophos, chlorophos, phenobarbital and sodium etaminal in 2538 patients made it possible to define, with the use of the probit analysis, the 25, 50, 75 and 95% concentration thresholds of the lethality in acute poisonings with acetic acid, carbophos and dichloroethane. It was established that under exposure to the toxic substances undergoing different chemical changes in the body, the increase of the lethality risk varied in different age groups. The differences in the structure of outcomes in patients of different age groups formed the basis for making up a classification of the toxicity of the chemical compounds. The differences revealed require a differential approach to the determination of the scope of intensive care of poisonings in terms of the age-associated features.
Asunto(s)
Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Intoxicación/terapia , Acetatos/envenenamiento , Ácido Acético , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Dicloruros de Etileno/envenenamiento , Hemoperfusión , Humanos , Malatión/envenenamiento , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pentobarbital/envenenamiento , Fenobarbital/envenenamiento , Diálisis RenalRESUMEN
Activities of both aldolases were distinctly decreased in acute kidney insufficiency, caused by administration of uranyl acetate. The decrease in the activity of fructose-1,6-diphosptate aldolase was more distinct which led to alteration in ratio between fructose -1,6-diphosphate and ketose-1-phosphate aldolases. The isozyme spectra of the enzymes were also altered. Isozymes of fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase AB2 and of ketose-1-phosphate aldolase form 22 possessed the same electrophoretic mobility but their relative activity was increased 2-3-fold under conditions of the acute kidney insufficiency. At the same time, the more electrophoretically mobile isozymes were not detected.
Asunto(s)
Aldehído-Liasas/metabolismo , Fructosa-Bifosfato Aldolasa/metabolismo , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Riñón/enzimología , Uranio/envenenamiento , Acetatos/envenenamiento , Enfermedad Aguda , Animales , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Túbulos Renales/enzimología , Masculino , Intoxicación/enzimología , Ratas , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Content of glucocorticoid receptors in cytosol of blood leukocytes, concentration of cortisol and amount of leukocytes in blood were studied in 20 patients with acute impairments within the second day of the disease. Content of receptors in cytosol of blood leukocytes was studied using 3H-triamcinolone acetonide. Distinct increase in amount of the leukocyte glucocorticoid receptors was found in patients with poisoning by dichlorethane and hypnotic drugs under conditions of acute myocardial infarction. In acute pancreatitis content of the leukocyte receptors was not altered as compared with controls. Concentration of endogenous cortisol was increased in blood of all the patients, except of the cases of acetate intoxication. Reverse correlation was observed between concentration of cortisol in blood and content of glucocorticoid receptors in leukocytes. But in the patients with acute pancreatitis the decrease in content of leukocyte glucocorticoid receptors was not observed although there was an increase in cortisol concentration in blood. The role of glucocorticoid receptors in immunological processes under conditions of purulent complications and possibility to regulate the metabolism in leukocytes are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Aguda , Glucocorticoides/sangre , Leucocitos/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Receptores de Esteroides/metabolismo , Acetatos/envenenamiento , Ácido Acético , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Dicloruros de Etileno/envenenamiento , Humanos , Hipnóticos y Sedantes/envenenamiento , Infarto del Miocardio/sangre , Pancreatitis/sangre , Heridas y Lesiones/sangreRESUMEN
Accumulation of zinc in epithelial cells of the digestive gland tubules of the fresh-water snail Lymnaea stagnalis after subacute intoxication with zinc acetate (strong increasing doses of the metal in short period of time) was histochemically examined using dithizone. Large zinc granules observed in medial and basal parts of calcium cells permitted to conclude that this metal is bound in cytoplasm mainly on granules built of calcium and magnesium phosphate. There were no smaller concentrations of zinc, that would be indicative for metal binding with cytoplasmatic metallothionein-like proteins. In calcium cells of the digestive gland tubules of snails infected with Digenea larvae accumulation of zinc was stronger, that would be an aspect of compensatory reaction.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/envenenamiento , Sistema Digestivo/metabolismo , Lymnaea , Trematodos/fisiología , Zinc/análisis , Ácido Acético , Animales , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Epitelio/química , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Larva/química , Lymnaea/química , Lymnaea/metabolismo , Lymnaea/parasitología , Trematodos/químicaRESUMEN
Exotoxic shock was simulated in non-linear rat males anesthetized with barbital after intragastric administration of 70% acetic acid at a dose of 4 ml/kg using a gastric tube. Energy metabolism and the rate of lipid peroxidation were studied in heart muscle during the decompensated and terminal periods of exotoxic shock. Sodium hydroxybutyrate (200 mg/kg) and gutimine (75 mg/kg), administered alone within 30 min after the poisoning, prolonged the period before manifestation of the decompensated and terminal steps of the shock; these drugs decreased the rate of metabolic impairments in the myocardium by decreasing the rates of adenine nucleotide catabolism, of glycolysis, lipolysis and lipid peroxidation.