Cadaver surgical training in Japan: its past, present, and ideal future perspectives.

The framework for cadaver surgical training (CST) in Japan was established in 2012, based on the "Guidelines for Cadaver Dissection in Education and Research of Clinical Medicine" of the Japan Surgical Society (JSS) and the Japanese Association of Anatomists. Subsequently, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare allocated funding from its budget for CST. By 2019, CST was being practiced in 33 medical schools and universities. Currently, the CST Promotion Committee of the JSS reviews each CST report submitted by medical schools and universities and provides guidance based on professional autonomy. This paper outlines the history of CST in Japan and presents a plan for its future. To sustain and oversee CST implementation, an operating organization, funded by stakeholders, such as government agencies, academic societies, and private companies, is needed.

@AACAnatomy twitter account goes live: A sustainable social media model for professional societies.

Social media, with its capabilities of fast, global information sharing, provides a useful medium for professional development, connecting and collaborating with peers, and outreach. The goals of this study were to describe a new, sustainable model for Twitter use by professional societies, and analyze its impact on @AACAnatomy, the Twitter account of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists. Under supervision of an Association committee member, an anatomy graduate student developed a protocol for publishing daily tweets for @AACAnatomy. Five tweet categories were used: Research, Announcements, Replies, Engagement, and Community. Analytics from the 6-month pilot phase were used to assess the impact of the new model. @AACAnatomy had a steady average growth of 33 new followers per month, with less than 10% likely representing Association members. Research tweets, based on Clinical Anatomy articles with an abstract link, were the most shared, averaging 5,451 impressions, 31 link clicks, and nine #ClinAnat hashtag clicks per month. However, tweets from non-Research categories accounted for the highest impression and engagement metrics in four out of six months. For all tweet categories, monthly averages show consistent interaction of followers with the account. Daily tweet publication resulted in a 103% follower increase. An active Twitter account successfully facilitated regular engagement with @AACAnatomy followers and the promotion of clinical anatomy topics within a broad community. This Twitter model has the potential for implementation by other societies as a sustainable medium for outreach, networking, collaboration, and member engagement. Clin. Anat. 31:566-575, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Fate of abstracts presented at the annual meetings of the American association of clinical anatomists.

A recent study examined the rate of full-length research paper publication following abstract presentation at the British association of clinical anatomists (BACA) annual meetings. The accepted standard for research dissemination is peer-reviewed publication following presentation at a national or international meeting. The study objectives were quantitative assessment of the abstracts presented at the American Association of Clinical Anatomists' (AACA) annual meetings with regards to the rate of subsequent full-length publication and comparison to BACA publication rates. All abstracts presented at the AACA annual meetings between 2003 and 2010 were analysed. MEDLINE was searched to identify peer-reviewed publications arising from each presented abstract. In total, 1,120 abstracts were presented with 22.9% (n = 257) subsequently published as full-length research papers. The mean number of abstracts presented each year was 140.0 ± 35.9. The median time to publication was 16 months. Chi-squared analysis showed the publication rate of abstracts presented at AACA (22.9%) was not statistically significantly different to BACA (20.4%) (P = 0.09). A total of 11.3% (n = 29) of the articles were published as full-length research articles before presentation as an abstract at an AACA meeting compared to 5.4% of abstracts presented at a BACA meeting. These rates are lower but comparable to those of surgical specialty meetings. Further work should try to identify any concerning reasons for the reduced rate of abstract publication in anatomical research. Clin. Anat. 30:140-144, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Publication fate of abstracts presented at British association of clinical anatomists annual meetings.

Dissemination of research is an integral part of the scientific process. Failure to disseminate research limits the scope for critical appraisal and potentially wastes valuable resources. The gold standard for dissemination of research is peer-reviewed publication following presentation at a national meeting. The primary objective of this study was quantitative assessment of the abstracts presented at British Association of Clinical Anatomists (BACA) summer and winter meetings with regards to the rates of subsequent publication and comparison to other medical specialties. Published abstracts from the summer and winter meetings of BACA between the years of 2000 and 2014 were analyzed. MEDLINE was searched to identify peer-reviewed publications arising from each presented abstract. In total, 1,807 abstracts were presented between the years of 2000 and 2014. The mean number of abstracts presented each year was 60.2, (range 26-157). In total, 20.4% of abstracts were subsequently published in MEDLINE-indexed journals with a median publication time of 19 months. The mean number of cadaveric prosections was 45.2 ± 78.8, (range 1-960). Analysis of abstracts focusing on radiographic imaging found the mean number of scans was 224.4 ± 807.1, (range 1-6,439). Biannual meetings of BACA are a forum for the presentation of high-quality anatomical research. BACA meeting abstracts have generally reduced publication rates compared to some surgical specialty meetings; however, there is no analysis available for an equivalent anatomical meeting. Further work should try to identify reasons that may hinder or limit subsequent publication of the anatomy abstracts presented at BACA. Clin. Anat. 30:133-139, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

[The Eastern Quebec telepathology network: a real collective project]. / Le réseau de télépathologie de l'Est du Québec - Un véritable projet collectif.

The aim of the Eastern Québec telepathology network is to provide uniform diagnostic telepathology services across a huge geographic region with a low population density. This project is intended to provide surgeons and pathologists with frozen section and second opinion services anywhere and at any time across the entire region, in order to avoid unnecessary patient transfer. The project has been implemented in 21 sites, each equipped with a whole slide scanner, a macroscopy station, a videoconferencing device and a viewer/case management and collaboration solution. Of the 21 sites, 6 are devoid of a pathology laboratory, two have no pathologist and 5 have only one pathologist on site. Signs of improvement of medical care in this region are already apparent since the Eastern Québec telepathology network has been implemented. However, it is important not to underestimate the challenges related to change management in the course of implementation of such a new technology.

University of Toronto's redesigned ophthalmology curriculum and eye dissection lab.

OBJECTIVE: To present a multifaceted approach to ophthalmology undergraduate medical education and to assess the efficacy of an eye dissection laboratory in enhancing medical student learning. DESIGN: Curriculum review, validation, and student feedback evaluations. PARTICIPANTS: Year 2 medical students enrolled in the University of Toronto's Doctor of Medicine Program. METHODS: Student feedback evaluations were compiled from the University of Toronto undergraduate medical education student surveys before 2012-2016 and following introduction of the redesigned foundations ophthalmology curriculum at the University of Toronto (2017-2018). Students who participated in the Eye Dissection Lab as part of the newly designed curriculum completed the pre- and postsession satisfaction and overall interest in ophthalmology questionnaires and a knowledge-based test. RESULTS: Analysis of 1640 student evaluations demonstrated an increase in ophthalmology curriculum rating following the launch of the foundations ophthalmology curriculum (p = 0.015). Among the 335 students who completed the eye dissection lab, there was a significant increase in the average scores for the satisfaction questionnaire, knowledge-based test, and level of interest in the field of ophthalmology from before and after the session, with improvements in scores noted in 91%, 42%, and 36% of the educational parameters of the participants, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The newly designed foundations ophthalmology curriculum and the eye dissection lab at the University of Toronto serve as effective means for enhancing ophthalmology teaching in medical schools across Canada.

[Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov: at the beginning (to the 220th anniversary of the greatest surgeon and anatomist birth)].

The article is concern with years of youth of the greatest Russian surgeon and anatomist Nikolay Ivanovich Pirogov, his education in Moscow and Derpt University. Formation of N.I. Pirogov as a surgeon of a new type following by the deepest anatomical knowledge is showed. There is a supposition that with the departure from Derpt to Saint-Petersburg Pirogov's initial phase of work ended and began his new, mature period of work.

[History of Japanese Committee for Anatomical Nomenclature].

This paper records a history of the Japanese Committee of Anatomical Nomenclature since 1990, as a supplement to the previous report (1991), explains a progressing of the edition of Japanese medical terms by the Japanese Association of Medical Sciences and the Ministry of Education, Sciences and Culture, and points out of some problems on terms in Japanese.

Scientific and organizational achievements of Professor of Anatomy Henryk Kadyi - Rector Vigilantissimus Universitatis Leopoliensis.

Henryk Kadyi (1851-1912) was educated in medicine at Jagiellonian and Vienna Universities, who deepened his studies in Leipzig to obtain associate professorship in descriptive anatomy at Alma Mater Cracoviensis, in 1878. He was elected Rector of Lvov University for years 1898-1899. Kadyi organized emerging Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Faculty of Medicine in Lvov. He equipped them with excellent anatomical facilities, e.g., remarkable collections of anatomical specimens. Kadyi worked out plans and such a detailed curriculum of higher studies in veterinary medicine, that it was raised to the ranks of academic discipline. He profoundly described accessory praehyoid and suprahyoid remnants of thyroid tissue and reasoned the anatomic term of arteria radicularis magna for artery of Adamkiewicz. Kadyi's social endeavors enabled women an access to higher education and university employment in 1895. His academic foresight, thrift and vigilance made Kadyi deserve a title of Rector Vigilantissimus.

Modifications to the delivery of a gross anatomy course during the COVID-19 pandemic at a Mexican medical school

The Coronavirus disease was declared a pandemic this year, causing an impact on medical education. Following the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendations, Universities around the world implemented social distancing and the use of online platforms. Anatomists lead medical students, most of which are part of Generation Z. Different technological tools have been used in the gross anatomy course in combination with face-to-face classes, but now are forced to move exclusively online. The Human Anatomy Department in the Medical School of the Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León (UANL) implemented asynchronous sessions as a short-term resolution, transformed to synchronous sessions as the pandemic progressed. It is important to consider the adaptability of the student, the near-peer teacher, and academic staff, with the creation of innovative ideas to facilitate the learning for the student and to maintain the quality of the course. Their role in this modality should be assessed, as it may change medical education and the way to teach in the future for the new generation of medical students. Professors' roles are changing and it is necessary to adapt to new situations

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[Management and results of the clinical-anatomical sector in Saint-Petersburg]. / Ob organizatsii i rezul'taty kliniko-anatomicheskoi raboty v Sankt-Peterburge.

A standard of diagnostics, namely, of divergence or coincidence (in %) between the clinical and the postmortem diagnoses as well as a category of such divergence (diagnostic error) is of primary importance within the system of final criteria-based evaluations of the medical care. City Morbid Anatomy Bureau (CMAB) was set up, 1989, in Saint Petersburg in order to coordinate the clinical and pathologoanatomic functions as well as to shape the unified approaches and to ensure equal opportunities of obtaining the unified information from all city patient-care facilities. A unified and formalized card, i.e. "card of the diseased", is filled in for all dead who were examined by the pathologist. The data, when processed by a special program, can be used to derive statistics on the mortality structure (in hospitals, at home, and in separate patient-care facilities), on complications (immediate death causes), as well as on a presence and nature of diagnostic errors (in different patient-care facilities, in cases of various nosological forms, and for certain age-and-sex categories etc.). This, in its turn, can be used to draw the annual reports for the city and, if necessary (e.g. upon a request from a medical institution), to compose the analytic reports. Finally, the paper contains the nosological structure of those who died in and outside the urban hospitals; there is also a dynamic analysis of the nature and reasons of diagnostic errors.