Multifocal giant apocrine cystadenomas in a miniature poodle.

Apocrine cystadenomas have rarely been reported in dogs. Herein, a dog with multiple, large (1.0-7.0 cm) fluctuant and cystic skin masses on the right pelvic limb and chest is described. Histopathological evaluation revealed cystic cavities lined by single to multiple layers of apocrine epithelium with papillary projections, consistent with apocrine cystadenoma.

Les cystadénomes apocrines ont rarement été décrits chez le chien. Ici, un chien avec de multiples masses cutanées larges (1.0-7.0 cm), kystiques et fluctuantes sur le membre pelvien et le thorax, est décrit. L'évaluation histopathologique a montré des cavités kystiques entourées de couches simples à multiples d'épithélium apocrine avec projections papillaires, compatible avec un cystadénome apocrine.

Raramente se describen cistoadenomas apocrinos en perros. En este artículo se describe el caso de un perro con masas cutáneas múltiples, grandes (1,0 a 7,0 cm) fluctuantes y quísticas en la extremidad pélvica derecha y el pecho. La evaluación histopatológica reveló cavidades quísticas revestidas por capas individuales o múltiples de epitelio apocrino con proyecciones papilares, compatibles con cistoadenoma apocrino.

Os cistadenomas apócrinos já foram raramente descritos em cães. Descreve-se aqui o caso de um cão com múltiplas massas cutâneas grandes (1,0-7,0 cm), flutuantes e císticas no membro pélvico direito e no tórax. A avaliação histopatológica revelou cavidades císticas revestidas por uma a várias camadas de epitélio apócrino com projeções papilares, consistentes com cistadenoma apócrino.

Non-functional thyroid cystadenoma in three boxer dogs.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid neoplasia is a common endocrine neoplasm in dogs. The boxer is one of the reported breeds predisposed to malignant thyroid neoplasia. However, the association between thyroid neoplasia, malignancy and breed should be considered with caution. CASES PRESENTATION: This article describes the presentation, clinical pathological findings, computed tomographic (CT) imaging findings and histopathological features of benign cystic thyroid tumour (cystadenoma) diagnosed in three boxers. These three dogs were presented for investigation of unilateral (n = 2) or bilateral (n = 1) cervical masses with no associated clinical signs of thyroid dysfunction. In each case, post-contrast CT scan identified a large, lateralised, non-invasive, well-defined homogeneous cystic structure with a hyperattenuating contrast-enhancing capsule of suspected thyroid origin displacing the surrounding cervical tissues. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of the cysts yielded fluid with a high thyroxine concentration in each case. Histopathology was consistent with thyroid cystadenoma in all cases. One dog was concurrently diagnosed with oral melanoma and euthanased. Two dogs underwent surgical excision with one lost to follow-up after 36 months and the other euthanased after 16 months following diagnosis of mast cell tumour. CONCLUSIONS: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first detailed report of non-functional benign thyroid cystadenoma in dogs and provides relevant information about case management for this type of tumour. The presence of a large cystic structure associated with benign non-functional thyroid neoplasia may be a condition to which boxer dogs are predisposed.

DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF A UNILATERAL RENAL CYSTADENOMA IN AN AFRICAN LION (PANTHERA LEO).

A renal tubular cystadenoma was diagnosed in a 14-yr-old male African lion (Panthera leo). During a routine health evaluation, a left renal mass was identified via physical examination, radiographs, and abdominal ultrasonography. The mass was 30 × 15 cm in size and had a thin capsule with central hypoechoic fluid, suggestive of a perirenal cyst. An exploratory celiotomy with partial nephrectomy was performed without complications. Histologically, the tumor was characterized by a thick fibrous capsule surrounding multiple, variable-sized cysts that markedly compressed the adjacent fibrotic and atrophied renal cortex. Immunohistochemical labeling for Aquaporin-1 and Tamm-Horsfall protein was consistent with a renal tubular cystadenoma of proximal tubule origin. Renal cystadenomas are an uncommon benign epithelial neoplasm. There are only two documented case reports in domestic cats. This report represents the first documentation, to the authors' knowledge, of a renal cystadenoma in a lion.

Bilateral ovarian cystadenoma in a geriatric African elephant (Loxodonta africana).

A 59-yr-old, captive female African elephant (Loxodonta africana) died of a cardiovascular collapse. Necropsy revealed bilateral replacement of the ovarian tissue by multiple cystic formations of up to 10 cm in diameter. The cysts were thin walled and filled with clear watery fluid. Smaller solid masses with an irregular surface projected from the wall of a few of the cysts. Histologically, the cystic structures were characterized by a single layer of well-differentiated cuboidal epithelial cells resting on a basement membrane. Occasionally the cysts contained nodular proliferations of single-layered, well-differentiated cuboidal epithelial cells forming anastomosing tubules and occasional papillary projections. The ovarian neoplasia was diagnosed as a bilateral multilocular serous ovarian cystadenoma. The nulliparous status and the advanced age may have contributed to the ovarian pathology.

Air Sac Cystadenoma in a Pet Chicken.

A 2-yr-old female Brahma chicken was presented to the Poultry Mobile Clinic of the College of Veterinary Medicine at North Carolina State University with a 3-wk onset of a wet sneeze that progressed to wheezing with a whistle-type sound. Upon observation, a cyst was found above the left clavicle in the area around the crop. The bird was euthanatized due to the progressive and chronic nature of the symptoms. Postmortem examination revealed an ovoid, soft to fluctuant, smooth, pale brown mass (2 × 0.9 × 0.8 cm), encased within the cranial membrane of the left cervical air sac. Histologically, focally expanding the left cervical air sac was a pedunculated, nonencapsulated, well-demarcated, moderately cellular neoplasm that consisted of cuboidal cells predominantly arranged in variably sized cystic structures lined by a single layer of cells. Neoplastic cells have strong cytoplasmic immunolabeling against cytokeratin AE1/AE3. Gross and histologic findings were consistent with an air sac cystadenoma. Primary respiratory neoplasia in birds is infrequent. Air sac carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and cystadenocarcinomas have been described in Psittaciformes, Columbiformes, Falconiformes, and Cuculiformes. Benign air sac tumors are poorly documented, and detailed descriptions of this neoplasm in poultry literature are lacking.

Reporte de caso- Cistadenoma en los sacos aéreos de un pollo mascota. Una gallina Brahma de dos años fue remitida al Servicio Ambulatorio de Avicultura de traspatio de la Universidad Estatal de Carolina del Norte debido a la presentación de un cuadro clínico de estornudos que progresó a la emisión de ruidos respiratorios tipo silbido en el curso de tres semanas. Se observó un quiste de 2-3 cm de diámetro en el área de la clavícula izquierda alrededor del buche. A dicha ave se le practicó la eutanasia debido a la naturaleza progresiva de los signos. El examen post mortem reveló una masa, ovalada, suave y fluctuante, de color café pálido, de 2 cm × 0.9 cm × 0.8 cm, contenida en la membrana craneal del saco aéreo cervical izquierdo. Histológicamente la pared del saco aéreo cervical izquierdo estaba reemplazada por una neoplasia no encapsulada, pedunculada, bien demarcada, compuesta de células cuboidales organizadas en múltiples estructuras quísticas de tamaño variable y recubiertas por una monocapa celular. Las células neoplásicas poseían una fuerte immunorreactividad citoplasmática para citoqueratina AE1/AE3. Los hallazgos macroscópicos y microscópicos son consistentes con un cistoadenoma de sacos aéreos. En aves, las neoplasias primarias de origen respiratorio son infrecuentes. Carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, y cistoadenocarcinomas de sacos aéreos se han reportado en Psitaciformes, Columbiformes, Falconiformes y Cuculiformes. Los tumores benignos de sacos aéreos han sido escasamente documentados y se carece de descripciones detalladas de estas neoplasias en gallináceas en la literatura.

Cystadenocarcinoma of the intrahepatic bile duct in a dog.

A 14-year-old spayed female Shih-Tzu was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Konkuk University for evaluation of an abdominal mass. In diagnostic imaging, two large cystic masses were identified. The affected liver lobes were surgically resected, and the specimens were submitted for histopathological evaluation and immunohistochemical staining. The two cystic lesions were diagnosed as biliary cystadenocarcinoma (BCAC). Recurrence and regional invasion were identified on ultrasonography 36 days postoperatively. The patient died on postoperative day 271. To the best of our knowledge, previously reported case studies of BCAC in dogs presented limited clinical information. In this report, we present a detailed picture comprising a range of clinical information and histopathological examination of BCAC in a dog.

Pituitary cystadenoma, enterolipidosis, and cutaneous mycosis in an Everglades ratsnake (Elaphe obsoleta rossalleni).

An 11-yr-old captive-born male Everglades ratsnake (Elaphe obsoleta rosalleni) presented with dysecdysis, hyperkeratosis, and inappetance. Two skin biopsies demonstrated a diffuse hyperkeratosis with both a bacterial and fungal epidermitis. Fusarium oxysporum was cultured from both biopsies and considered an opportunistic infection rather than a primary pathogen. Medical management was unsuccessful, and the snake was euthanized. Histologic findings included a pituitary cystadenoma arising from the pars intermedia, severe intestinal lipidosis, generalized epidermal hyperkeratosis, and lesions consistent with sepsis. It is hypothesized that endocrine derangements from the pituitary tumor may have caused the skin and intestinal lesions.

Bilateral Polycystic Kidneys and Focal Renal Cystadenoma in a Pygmy Sperm Whale ( Kogia breviceps).

An adult male pygmy sperm whale ( Kogia breviceps) stranded alive at a beach in Florida, US, in 2016. Main postmortem examination findings included bilateral multifocal variably sized renal cysts, focal renal cystadenoma, and mild dilation of the renal pelvises. The role of these renal lesions in the stranding of this whale is unknown.

Renal mucus gland cystadenomas in a horse.

A 35-year-old horse was submitted to the necropsy service at the University of Kentucky Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center. At necropsy, multiple 1-4-cm-diameter cystic structures were incidentally identified unilaterally in the right renal medulla and the cortex. On histologic examination, the cystic structures compressed the normal renal architecture, were lined by tall columnar epithelium that formed occasional papillary projections, and contained large amounts of mucicarmine and periodic acid-Schiff-positive mucinous material. The masses were diagnosed as renal mucus-gland cystadenomas. This tumor should be considered as a differential diagnosis when cystic structures are identified in the equine kidney.

Renal cystadenoma in a domestic shorthair.

An 11-year-old domestic shorthair was examined after an enlarged left kidney was palpated by the referring veterinarian. No abnormalities were noted on complete blood count, serum biochemical profile and total thyroxine concentration, and the urine specific gravity was 1.039. An abdominal ultrasound identified the presence of a large cystic structure on the caudal pole of the left kidney. No abnormalities of the right kidney were seen. A left ureteronephrectomy was performed, and the cat recovered uneventfully from the procedure and was discharged from the hospital 5 days after surgery. The cat remains clinically normal 16 months postoperatively. Histopathology of the removed kidney demonstrated the presence of a renal cystadenoma. This report describes the successful surgical treatment of a renal cystadenoma. Renal cystadenoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis when renomegaly is noted. To the author's knowledge, a renal cystadenoma has not been previously reported in a cat.

Lacrimal cystadenoma in a Chinese box turtle (Cuora flavomarginata).

An adult male Chinese box turtle (Cuora flavomarginata) presented to the Avian and Exotic Pet Service of the Animal Medical Center for periorbital swelling of the right eye. The swelling had failed to respond to nutritional supplementation and parenteral administration of vitamin A. What had initially presented as periorbital swelling developed into a growth ventral to the globe that impeded vision and was frequently traumatized by forelimb movements of the turtle. Twenty-six months after initial presentation, the turtle was anesthetized and the bulk of the mass was surgically removed. Histopathologic examination determined the mass to be a benign lacrimal cystadenoma.

Biliary cystadenoma associated with Opisthorchis viverrini infection in a domestic cat (Felis catus).

A 12-year-old, female, domestic cat (Felis catus) presented with dehydration, emaciation, anorexia, and lethargy. The cat was unresponsive to medical treatment and euthanized; the carcass was submitted for pathological diagnosis. Necropsy revealed icteric mucous membranes. The liver was enlarged, with multinodular, cystic, white masses, 0.5-4.0 cm in diameter, scattered throughout. Microscopically, the biliary epithelium presented with a proliferation of multifocal cystic masses, occasionally with periodic acid-Schiff-positive fluid within the cysts. Simple cuboidal epithelial cells showed small, round to oval, vesicular nuclei and rare mitotic figures. There were also multifocal trematode-like parasites situated within the biliary tracts. Immunohistochemistry of the cystic masses was positive for pan-cytokeratin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, while negative for vimentin. Molecular analysis and gene sequencing of the parasite indicated that it was Opisthorchis viverrini. Based on the pathological findings and molecular analysis, the cat was diagnosed with biliary cystadenoma related to O. viverrini infection. This report described an unusual case of O. viverrini infection associated with biliary tumor in a cat, and raises the possibility of domestic cats as a reservoir host of the human liver fluke.

Thyroid Cysts in Cats: A Retrospective Study of 40 Cases.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid cysts are rare in cats and poorly documented. OBJECTIVES: To report distinguishing clinical features and treatment responses of cats with thyroid cysts. ANIMALS: Forty client-owned cats. METHODS: Retrospective review of medical records for cats with thyroid cysts confirmed by scintigraphy, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, or necropsy at 4 referral centers between 2005 and 2016. Signalment, clinical findings, diagnostic testing, treatment, and outcome were recorded. RESULTS: Cats ranged in age from 8 to 20 years with no apparent breed or sex predilection. 37 of 40 (93%) cats were hyperthyroid (duration, 1-96 months). Clinical findings included palpable neck mass (40/40, 100%), weight loss (15/40, 38%), dysphagia (8/40, 20%), decreased appetite (5/40, 13%), and dyspnea (4/40, 10%). Cysts were classified as small (≤8 cm3 ) in 16 (40%) and large (>8 cm3 ) in 24 (60%) cats. Of 25 cats treated with radioiodine, hyperthyroidism resolved in 23 (92%), whereas thyroid cysts resolved in 12 (50%). Radioiodine treatment resolved small cysts in 8 of 13 (62%) cats and large cysts in 4 of 11 (36%) cats. Eight cats, including 2 euthyroid cats, underwent thyroid-cystectomy; 3 with bilateral thyroid involvement were euthanized postoperatively for hypocalcemia. Excised cystic thyroid masses were identified as cystadenoma (4) and carcinoma (4). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Thyroid cysts are encountered in hyperthyroid and euthyroid cats with benign and malignant thyroid tumors. Radioiodine treatment alone inconsistently resolved thyroid cysts. Thyroid-cystectomy could be considered in cats with unilateral thyroid disease or when symptomatic cysts persist despite successful radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Diethylnitrosamine-induced pancreatic neoplasms in the fish Rivulus ocellatus marmoratus.

Diethylnitrosamine [(DEN) CAS: 55-18-5] caused neoplasms of the exocrine pancreas in rivulus, Rivulus ocellatus marmoratus, a self-fertilizing hermaphroditic fish, after a single exposure to 810, 270, or 130 mg DEN/liter or after a continuous exposure to 50, 17, or 9 mg DEN/liter. Rivulus developed pancreatic adenomas after a single exposure. After continuous exposure, pancreatic adenomas, cystadenomas, and adenocarcinomas developed. Adenocarcinoma developed in fish first exposed as larvae but not in those first exposed as juveniles. Adenocarcinoma of pancreatic or biliary origin invaded the intestinal muscularis layer and mucosa. Dedifferentiation of acinar cells preceded the formation of adenomas, and atypical acinar cells formed parts of some of the ductlike structures in the pancreatic neoplasms.

The human Bosniak model applied to a cat with renal cystadenoma. A classification to differentiate benign and malignant cystic renal masses via computed tomography and ultrasound.

A 13-year-old domestic shorthair cat was presented with weight loss and azotemia. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a large cystic space- occupying lesion with multiple septae in the left kidney. A core needle biopsy yielded a renal cystadenoma originating from the epithelial cells. This report describes the clinical, ultrasonographic and computed tomographic features and the growth progression of a renal cystadenoma. We describe the first attempt to apply the human Bosniak classification to a cat with renal cystic neoplasia to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. Cystadenoma should be a differential diagnosis in cases of renal cystic space-occupying lesions. Other differentials, imaging features to differentiate benign and malignant lesions and the risk of malignant transformation will be discussed.

Morphology of neoplastic lesions in the clitoral and prepucial gland of the F334 rat.

Three hundred fifty-nine neoplasms of the prepucial and clitoral glands of F344 rats were reviewed to classify the different types of tumors in relation to the normal anatomy and histology of the glands. Most tumors originated from the acinar of ductal cells, while only one tumor could be found originating from the mesenchymal tissue. They were classified as adenomas, adenocarcinomas, papillomas, squamous cell or basal cell carcinomas, and mixed cell carcinomas with different structural formations. Only one tumor metastasized to the lung.

Incidence and morphology of spontaneous thyroid tumours in different strains of rats.

The incidence and morphology of thyroid neoplasms in different strains and stocks of rats are reported. The frequency of thyroid tumours varied to a great extent between different strains of rats. Low incidences were observed in DA/Han (0.85 per cent) and BDII/Han rats (1.25 per cent), while somewhat higher incidences occurred in Han:WIST rats (7.3 per cent). The highest number of thyroid tumour-bearing rats was found in the Han:SPRD stock (55.5 per cent). Thyroid neoplasms were classified histologically as polymorphofollicular adenomas, papillary adenomas, cystadenomas, polymorphofollicular carcinomas, papillary carcinomas, C-cell adenomas and C-cell carcinomas (medullary carcinomas). C-cell neoplasms were predominant in Han:SPRD rats (93.0 per cent), while the majority of tumour-bearing Han:WIST rats (61.4 per cent) had follicular tumours.

Expression of cytokeratins and vimentin in normal and neoplastic tissue from the bovine female reproductive tract.

The distribution of cytokeratins (CKs) and vimentin in the normal genital tract of calves and cows at different stages of the oestrous cycle and in epithelial tumours of the tract was studied immunohistochemically. Few differences in CK and vimentin immunolabelling were detected in relation to age or stage of the oestrous cycle. Coexpression of CKs in simple epithelia and in basal cells of stratified epithelia was detected in the oviduct and endocervix; this coexpression was different from that previously described in women. The demonstration of CKs but not vimentin in the neoplastic cells of a serous superficial ovarian papilloma suggested an origin from the ovarian surface epithelium, while the coexpression of CKs and vimentin in serous papillary and mucinous cystadenomas pointed to a possible origin from the rete ovarii. Studies on three uterine adenocarcinomas and the ovarian metastases from two of these showed an endometrial-CK phenotype. The intermediate filament profile of normal endometrium, conserved in uterine adenocarcinomas and their ovarian metastases, may be useful in discriminating between ovarian metastases from endometrial carcinomas and those originating from primary carcinomas in other organs.

Common epithelial tumours of the ovary in cows.

A morphological study of the epithelial tumours diagnosed during examination of 1489 cows slaughtered in León, Spain was carried out. Epithelial neoplasms were observed in four animals which represents an incidence of 0.27 per cent. So far as the authors are aware it is the first time that two serous papillary cystadenomas and one serous superficial papilloma have been described in cows. The fourth neoplasm was a mucinous cystadenoma.

Ultrasound as an aid to diagnosis of granulosa cell tumour in the mare.

The ultrasonic appearance of seven cases of granulosa cell tumour is described, and compared with an ovarian haematoma and an ovarian serous cystadenoma. The granulosa cell tumours varied from being uniformly dense to having one or several large fluid filled cysts. Some tumours resembled the haematoma or cystadenoma and also, in some aspects, normal ovarian structures such as corpora haemorrhagica or follicles in early pregnancy. There was no typical ultrasonographic appearance of the granulosa cell tumours which enabled definitive diagnosis. However, ultrasound may be a diagnostic aid when used in conjunction with the history and findings on rectal palpation.