Quantitative measurement of dural ectasia: associations with clinical and genetic characteristics in Marfan syndrome.

PURPOSE: Dural ectasia (DE) may significantly impact Marfan syndrome (MFS) patients' quality of life due to chronic lower back pain, postural headache and urinary disorders. We aimed to evaluate the association of quantitative measurements of DE, and their evolution over time, with demographic, clinical and genetic characteristics in a cohort of MFS patients. METHODS: We retrospectively included 88 consecutive patients (39% females, mean age 37.1 ± 14.2 years) with genetically confirmed MFS who underwent at least one MRI or CT examination of the lumbosacral spine. Vertebral scalloping (VS) and dural sac ratio (DSR) were calculated from L3 to S3. Likely pathogenic or pathogenic FBN1 variants were categorized as either protein-truncating or in-frame. The latter were further classified according to their impact on the cysteine content of fibrillin-1. RESULTS: Higher values of the systemic score (revised Ghent criteria) were associated with greater DSR at lumbar (p < 0.001) and sacral (p = 0.021) levels. Patients with protein-truncating variants exhibited a greater annual increase in lumbar (p = 0.039) and sacral (p = 0.048) DSR. Mutations affecting fibrillin-1 cysteine content were linked to higher VS (p = 0.009) and DSR (p = 0.038) at S1, along with a faster increase in VS (p = 0.032) and DSR (p = 0.001) in the lumbar region. CONCLUSION: Our study shed further light on the relationship between genotype, dural pathology, and the overall clinical spectrum of MFS. The identification of protein-truncating variants and those impacting cysteine content may therefore suggest closer patient monitoring, in order to address potential complications associated with DE.

Comparative Gene-Expression Analysis of the Ligamentum Flavum of Patients with Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis: Comparison between the Dural and Dorsal Sides of the Thickened Ligamentum Flavum.

Thickening of the ligamentum flavum is the main factor in the development of lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). Although previous studies have reported factors related to ligamentum flavum thickening, its etiology has not been clarified. Furthermore, it is often difficult to set proper controls to investigate the pathologies of thickening due to differences in patient characteristics, such as age, sex, obesity, and comorbidities. This study aimed to elucidate the pathologies of ligamentum flavum thickening by comparing the dural and dorsal sides of the thickened ligamentum flavum in patients with LSCS. Ligamentum flavum samples were collected from 19 patients with LSCS. The samples were divided into the dural and dorsal sides. The dural side was used as a control to assess the pathologies occurring on the dorsal side. Elastic Masson staining was used to assess the elastic fibres. Gene expression levels were comprehensively assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and DNA microarray analyses. Gene ontology analysis was used to identify biological processes associated with differentially expressed genes. The elastic fibres were significantly decreased on the dorsal side of the thickened ligamentum flavum. Genes related to fibrosis, inflammation, tissue repair, remodeling, and chondrometaplasia, such as COL1A2, COL3A1, COL5A1, TGFB1, VEGFA, TNFA, MMP2, COL10A1, and ADAMTS4, were highly expressed on the dorsal side of the thickened ligamentum flavum. The biological processes occurring on the dorsal side of the thickened ligamentum flavum were extracellular matrix organization, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix disassembly, and proteolysis.These are considered important pathologies of ligamentum flavum thickening.

Automatic segmentation of dura for quantitative analysis of lumbar stenosis: A deep learning study with 518 CT myelograms.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) can be challenging because radicular pain is not often present in the culprit-level localization. Accurate segmentation and quantitative analysis of the lumbar dura on radiographic images are key to the accurate differential diagnosis of LSS. The aim of this study is to develop an automatic dura-contouring tool for radiographic quantification on computed tomography myelogram (CTM) for patients with LSS. METHODS: A total of 518 CTM cases with or without lumbar stenosis were included in this study. A deep learning (DL) segmentation algorithm 3-dimensional (3D) U-Net was deployed. A total of 210 labeled cases were used to develop the dura-contouring tool, with the ratio of the training, independent testing, and external validation datasets being 150:30:30. The Dice score (DCS) was the primary measure to evaluate the segmentation performance of the 3D U-Net, which was subsequently developed as the dura-contouring tool to segment another unlabeled 308 CTM cases with LSS. Automatic masks of 446 slices on the stenotic levels were then meticulously reviewed and revised by human experts, and the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the dura was compared. RESULTS: The mean DCS of the 3D U-Net were 0.905 ± 0.080, 0.933 ± 0.018, and 0.928 ± 0.034 in the five-fold cross-validation, the independent testing, and the external validation datasets, respectively. The segmentation performance of the dura-contouring tool was also comparable to that of the second observer (the human expert). With the dura-contouring tool, only 59.0% (263/446) of the automatic masks of the stenotic slices needed to be revised. In the revised cases, there were no significant differences in the dura CSA between automatic masks and corresponding revised masks (p = 0.652). Additionally, a strong correlation of dura CSA was found between the automatic masks and corresponding revised masks (r = 0.805). CONCLUSIONS: A dura-contouring tool was developed that could automatically segment the dural sac on CTM, and it demonstrated high accuracy and generalization ability. Additionally, the dura-contouring tool has the potential to be applied in patients with LSS because it facilitates the quantification of the dural CSA on stenotic slices.

A Subdural Dissection of Cerebrospinal Fluid Causing Cauda Equina Centralization After Durotomy: A Case Report.

CASE: A 61-year-old woman with recurrent left L5 radiculopathy underwent revision L4-5 decompression complicated by incidental durotomy requiring primary repair. Postoperative course was complicated by wound drainage and headache. Repeat magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated cerebrospinal fluid dissecting a plane deep to the dura mater but superficial to the arachnoid, with the collection compressing the cauda equina in an atypical horizontal and linear fashion. Nonoperative treatment was ineffective, and she required revision decompression and dural repair. CONCLUSION: Spine surgeons should recognize this finding on postoperative imaging as a potential sign of an incomplete dural repair necessitating return to the operating room.

Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor: An Important Focal Player in Chronic Subdural Hematoma?

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) development involves inflammatory, angiogenetic, and fibrinolytic mechanisms, several components of which are now unraveled through intensive research. The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) is part of the plasminogen activator system and possesses inflammatory, angiogenetic, and fibrinolytic capabilities. As a first, this study aims to identify uPAR in the hematoma fluid, hematoma membrane, dura mater, and systemic blood from patients with CSDH and, if present, to investigate if the uPAR level at the time of surgery may be a predictor for later developing recurrent CSDH. uPAR expression in the hematoma membrane and dura mater was analyzed using immunohistochemistry and presented as the H-score of the positive immunostaining. The uPAR levels in the hematoma fluid and systemic blood were determined using a multiplex antibody bead kit (Luminex). Samples were collected at the time of the first CSDH surgery, and in the case of recurrent CSDH within 90 days, the samples were again collected at reoperation. A comparison of uPAR expression between the hematoma membrane and dura mater, as well as uPAR levels in systemic blood and hematoma fluid, was performed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. We included 112 patients, 26 of whom had recurrent CSDH. The median hematoma uPAR level was 22,125 (14,845-33,237) and significantly higher than the median systemic blood level of 789 pg/L (465-2,088) (p < 0.001). Similarly, the uPAR level of the hematoma membrane was 14.3 (7.54-44.8) and significantly higher than the dural uPAR level of 0.81 (0.3-1.98) (p < 0.001). For the first time, we identified uPAR in the subdural fluid, hematoma membrane, dura mater, and systemic blood from patients with CSDH. The high expression of uPAR in the subdural fluid and hematoma membrane indicates that the mechanisms of CSDH are predominantly in the subdural fluid collection and surrounding hematoma membrane.

Occipital Sinus-Sparing Linear Paramedian Dural Incision: A Technical Note and Case Series for Median Suboccipital Approach.

BACKGROUND: Durotomies, traditionally used during the midline suboccipital approach, involve sacrificing the occipital sinus (OS) with consequent shrinking of the dura, risk of venous complications, difficulty performing watertight closure, and a higher rate of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. The present technical note describes the OS-sparing linear paramedian dural incision, which leads to a decrease in the risk of complications during the median suboccipital approach in our case series. METHODS: The OS-sparing linear incision technique involves a dural incision placed 1 cm lateral to the OS. The angle of view of the microscope is frequently changed to overcome the narrowed exposure of the linear durotomy. Copious irrigation with saline prevents drying of the dura. A running watertight closure of the dura is performed. The overall results of 5 cases are reviewed. RESULTS: The cases were 3 tumors and 2 cavernomas. The OS was preserved in all 5, and no duraplasty was needed. The average dura closure time was 16.8 minutes. No CSF leak occurred, and no wound complications were observed. A gross total resection of the lesion was achieved in all the patients. The mean follow-up was 10.2 months, and there were no late complications related to the dura closure. CONCLUSIONS: In comparison to the types of durotomies conventionally used for the midline suboccipital approach, the OS-sparing linear paramedian dural incision entails lower risks of bleeding, venous complications, CSF leaks, and infections by avoiding duraplasty. Validation of this technical note on a larger patient cohort is needed.

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue of the dura mimicking meningioma: a case report and literature review.

MALT lymphoma of the dura is a very rare type of low-grade B-cell lymphoma. Little more than 100 cases have been reported in the literature to date. We report a 43-year-old woman who was referred to hospital because of a series of three tonic-clonic seizures on the day of admission. Neurological examination revealed confusion and aphasia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a contrast-enhanced, broad-based lesion along the dura in the left parieto-occipital area. The suspicion of an en plaque meningioma was raised. The tumour invaded the brain parenchyma with visible extension into the brain sulci. There was a marked brain oedema surrounding the lesion and causing the midline shift 8 mm to the right. After stabilization of neurological condition (intravenous diuretics and steroids), the operation was performed. The diagnosis of dural MALT lymphoma was established. During the pathological examination, it was especially problematic to distinguish MALT lymphoma from follicular lymphoma, but the final diagnosis was MALT lymphoma. Surgical partial removal with additional R-CVP immunochemotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone) resulted in complete remission. The follow-up period is 1 year. Our presented case of a MALT lymphoma highlights the fact that surgical partial removal with additional immunochemotherapy is an available option in these rare intracranial tumours.

Peptidomics insights: neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) related to the chronic subdural hemorrhage.

Chronic subdural hemorrhage (CSDH) refers to a hematoma with an envelope between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane and is more common among the elderly. It was reported that the dura mater, which is highly vascularized with capillary beds, precapillary arterioles and postcapillary venules play an important role in the protection of the central nervous system (CNS). Numerous evidences suggests that peptides play an important role in neuroprotection of CNS. However, whether dura mater derived endogenous peptides participate in the pathogenesis of CSDH remains undetermined. In the current study, the peptidomic profiles were performed in human dura of CSDH (three patients) and the relative control group (three non-CSDH samples) by LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry). The results suggested that a total of 569 peptides were differentially expressed in the dura matter of CSDH compared with relative controls, including 217 up-regulated peptides and 352 down-regulated peptides. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis demonstrated that the precursor proteins of those differentially expressed peptides were involved in the various biological processes. Interestingly, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis suggested that NETs participated in the pathogenies of CSDH. Further investigate showed that H3Cit was significantly elevated in the dural and hematoma membranes of patients with CSDH compared to patients without CSDH. Taken together, our results showed the differentially expressed peptides in human dura mater of CSDH and demonstrated that NETs formation in the dural and hematoma membranes might be involved in the pathogenesis of CSDH. It is worth noting that pharmacological inhibition of NETs may have potential therapeutic implications for CSDH.

Ectasia dural e hipotensión endocraneal en síndrome de Marfán / Dural ectasia and intracranial hypotension in Marfan syndrome

INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de Marfán es un trastorno multisistémico del tejido conectivo de herencia autosómica dominante, de expresión variable. La ectasia dural es un compromiso frecuente, pero poco conocido, que puede asociarse a síndrome de hipotensión endocraneana (SHE). OBJETIVO: Pre sentar un caso de cefalea invalidante secundario a SHE, para advertir de esta rara complicación, que debe tenerse presente en niños portadores de conectivopatías, en especial síndrome de Marfán. CASO CLÍNICO: Adolescente femenina de 13 años, portadora de sindrome de Marfán, de diagnóstico clínico según criterios de Ghent 2010, que consultó por cefalea ortostatica invalidante de 6 meses de evolución. La Resonancia Magnetica (RM) de cerebro mostró múltiples signos de hipotensión endocraneana, mientras que la RM de columna total mostró una ectasia dural que determinó la dilatación del saco tecal y remodelación posterior de los cuerpos vertebrales, especialmente a nivel del sacro. Se realizó tratamiento con parche sanguíneo autólogo epidural con buena respuesta clínica. CONCLUSIONES: La ectasia dural, frecuente en el sindrome de Marfán, es una causa predisponente a fuga de líquido cefaloraquideo (LCR), que podría causar cefalea ortostática segundaria al SHE.

INTRODUCTION: Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant, multi-systemic connective tissue di sorder of different presentations. Dural ectasia is a common, but little known complication that can be associated with intracranial hypotension syndrome (IHS). OBJECTIVE: To present a case of severe headache secondary to IHS in order to warn about this rare complication, which must be considered in children carriers of connective tissue diseases, especially Marfan syndrome. CLINICAL CASE: 13-year- old female carrier of Marfan syndrome, clinically diagnosed according to the 2010 Ghent criteria, who consulted due to a 6-months history of severe orthostatic headache. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple signs of intracranial hypotension, while whole-spine MRI showed dural ectasia that caused the thecal sac dilation and subsequent remodeling of vertebral bodies, es pecially the sacral ones. Treatment with an autologous epidural blood patch was administered with good clinical response. CONCLUSIONS: Dural ectasia, frequent in Marfan syndrome, is a predisposing cause of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, which could cause orthostatic headache secondary to IHS.

Concordancia radio-histológica en meningiomas intracraneales / Radio-histological concordance in intracranial meningiomas

INTRODUCCIÓN: los meningiomas suponen el 15-20% de las neoformaciones primarias del SNC en adultos. La mayoría son benignos, encontrando únicamente un 5% de tumores malignos. La RM los caracteriza pero el diagnóstico definitivo se confirma mediante histopatología. OBJETIVOS: determinar si la agresividad de los meningiomas intracraneales utilizando la RM es congruente con la agresividad que se demuestra en el estudio histopatológico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: se estudian 14 casos de meningiomas intracraneales con imagen de RM y estudio histopatológico comprendidos entre los años 2004 y 2016. Se analizan sus características radiológicas determinando su agresividad mediante RM e histopatología. RESULTADOS: 7 (50%) de los 14 meningiomas fueron agresivos en el estudio mediante RM, mientras que 4 (28,6%) lo hicieron mediante el estudio histopatológico. La sensibilidad de la RM fue del 100% y la especificidad 70%. Las únicas variables que consiguieron una p < 0,05 en el estudio de agresividad mediante RM fueron los márgenes irregulares y el realce heterogéneo. CONCLUSIONES: La RM es apta para su utilización como técnica de cribado inicial en el diagnóstico de agresividad de meningiomas intracraneales, siendo limitada para su diagnóstico confirmatorio. No se han encontrado evidencias significativas para determinar qué características radiológicas definen la agresividad tumoral

AIM: meningiomas account for 15-20% Central Nervous System primary neoplasms in adults. Many are benign, but the 5% of them are malignant. MRI characterizes them, describing a series of radiological findings suggestive of aggressiveness, although the diagnosis is confirmed by histopathology. OBJECTIVES: Determine if the aggressiveness of intracranial meningiomas using MRI is consistent with histopathology. Material and METHODOLOGY: 14 cases of meningiomas with MR imaging and histopathology ranging 2004 to 2016 were reported. Its radiological characteristics were analyzed by determining their aggressiveness by MRI and Histopathology, carried out a study of diagnostic tests. RESULTS: 7 (50%) of the 14 meningiomas were aggressive in the study by MRI, while 4 (28.6%) did so by histopathology. The sensibility of MRI was 100% and specificity 70%. The only variables that achieved p < 0.05 by studying aggression MRI were irregular borders and heterogeneous enhancement. CONCLUSIONS: MRI is suitable for use as initial screening in the diagnosis of intracranial meningiomas aggressiveness, being restricted for confirmatory diagnosis. We found no significant evidence to determine what radiological characteristics define tumor aggressiveness

Metástasis durales: una forma infrecuente de recurrencia en tumores nasosinusales malignos / Dural metastasis: an uncommon form of recurrence in malignant sinonasal tumours

Abstract: Dural metastases are an unusual form of spread in treated sinonasal malignancies. An analysis is presented of 20 cases of dural metastases diagnosed during imaging follow-up in a selection of cases in which anterior craniofacial resection was performed. They included 12 undifferentiated sinonasal carcinomas, 7 olfactory neuroblastomas, and 1 adenoid cystic carcinoma case. Dural metastases appeared on an average of 7.3 years after treatment in olfactory neuroblastoma. The maximum distance from malignancy to dural metastases was 14 cm for olfactory neuroblastoma, and 4.3 cm for undifferentiated sinonasal carcinoma. Dural metastases in the Burr holes were observed in 50% of undifferentiated sinonasal carcinoma, and 29% of olfactory neuroblastomas. Dural metastases presented as a nodular (60%), multinodular (10%), cystic (15%), and plaque (15%) pattern. These are suggestive of a local venous spread mechanism related to tumour rupture during surgery of anterior cranial fossa. Long-term follow-up with cranial inclusion would be indicated, given the possible late and distant presentation of dural metastases.

Resumen: Presentamos las metástasis durales como forma inusual de diseminación de tumores nasosinusales malignos tratados; se revisan 20 casos diagnosticados durante el seguimiento imagenológico a un grupo tratado con resección craneofacial anterior. Evaluamos metástasis durales en 12 carcinomas nasosinusales indiferenciados, 7 neuroblastomas olfatorios y un carcinoma adenoquístico. En neuroblastomas olfatorios aparecieron metástasis durales en promedio 7,3 años postratamiento. La distancia máxima del tumor a la metástasis fue de 14 cm para neuroblastoma olfatorio y de 4,3 cm para carcinoma nasosinusal indiferenciado. Observamos metástasis durales en los agujeros de trepanación en el 50% de los carcinomas nasosinusales indiferenciados y en el 29% de los neuroblastomas olfatorios. Las metástasis durales presentaron patrón nodular (60%), multinodular (10%), quístico (15%) y en placa (15%). Proponemos un mecanismo venoso local de diseminación relacionado a disrupción tumoral o quirúrgica de la fosa craneal anterior. El seguimiento a largo plazo con inclusión craneal estaría indicado por la posible presentación tardía y distante de metástasis durales.

Surgical Treatment for Falcotentorial Meningiomas

Among intracranial meningiomas, falcotentorial meningiomas, occurring at the junction of the falx cerebri and tentorial dural folds, are extremely rare. Because of their deep location, they are surrounded by critical structures, and have been regarded as one of the most challenging lesions for surgical treatment. In this study, we describe our surgical strategy for falcotentorial meningiomas and provide a review of our experience.

Histological analysis of the repair of dural lesions with silicone mesh in rats subjected to experimental lesions / Análise histológica do reparo de lesões da dura com tela de silicone em ratos submetidos à lesão experimental

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate inflammatory reaction, fibrosis and neovascularization in dural repairs in Wistar rats using four techniques: simple suture, bovine collagen membrane, silicon mesh and silicon mesh with suture. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomized in five groups: the first was the control group, submitted to dural tear only. The others underwent durotomy and simple suture, bovine collagen membrane, silicon mesh and silicon mesh with suture. Animals were euthanized and the spine was submitted to histological evaluation with a score system (ranging from zero to 3) for inflammation, neovascularization and fibrosis. Results Fibrosis was significantly different between simple suture and silicon mesh (p=0.005) and between simple suture and mesh with suture (p=0.015), showing that fibrosis is more intense when a foreign body is used in the repair. Bovine membrane was significantly different from mesh plus suture (p=0.011) regarding vascularization. Inflammation was significantly different between simple suture and bovine collagen membrane. Conclusion Silicon mesh, compared to other commercial products available, is a possible alternative for dural repair. More studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

RESUMO Objetivo : Avaliar reação inflamatória, fibrose e neovascularização da reparação da lesão dural em ratos Wistar, comparando quatro diferentes técnicas: pontos simples, membrana de colágeno bovino, tela de silicone e tela de silicone associada a pontos simples. Métodos : Trinta ratos Wistar foram randomizados em cinco grupos: o primeiro foi um grupo controle, submetido somente à durotomia. Os outros também foram submetidos à durotomia, porém sofreram sutura simples, reparo com membrana de colágeno bovino, tela de silicone e tela de silicone com sutura. Os animais foram sacrificados, e a coluna foi submetida à avaliação histológica com um escore (variando de zero a 3) para inflamação, neovascularização e fibrose. Resultados : A fibrose foi significativamente diferente, comparando-se sutura simples e tela de silicone (p=0,005) e sutura simples e tela com fio de sutura (p=0,015), demonstrando que a fibrose foi mais intensa quando um corpo estranho foi utilizado na reparação. Membrana bovina foi significativamente diferente da tela mais sutura (p=0,011) em relação à vascularização. A inflamação foi significativamente diferente entre os grupos submetidos à sutura simples e ao reparo com membrana de colágeno bovino. Conclusão : A tela de silicone, comparada com produtos similares com disponibilidade comercial, é uma possível alternativa como protetor de dura-máter. Mais estudos são necessários para comprovar esses resultados.

Efficacy of Percutaneous Epidural Neuroplasty Does Not Correlate with Dural Sac Cross-Sectional Area in Single Level Disc Disease

PURPOSE: Percutaneous epidural neuroplasty (PEN) is a minimally invasive treatment. The efficacy of PEN has been relatively well investigated; however, the relationship between the clinical effectiveness of PEN and the severity of spinal canal stenosis by disc material has not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes of PEN according to the dural sac cross-sectional area in single level disc disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 363 patients with back pain from single level disc disease with and without radiculopathy. Patients were categorized into groups according to spinal canal compromise by disc material: Category 1, less or more than 50%; and Category 2, three subgroups with lesser than a third, between a third and two thirds, and more than two thirds. Clinical outcomes were assessed according to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score for back pain and leg pain and Odom's criteria at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment. RESULTS: The demographic data showed no difference between groups according to spinal canal compromise by disc material except age (older age correlated with more spinal canal compromise). The dural sac cross-sectional area did not correlate with the VAS scores for back and leg pain after PEN in single level disc disease in Groups 1 and 2. Odom's criteria after PEN were also not different according to dural sac cross-sectional area by disc material. CONCLUSION: PEN is an effective procedure in treating single level lumbar disc herniation without affecting dural sac cross-sectional area.

Metástasis dural como manifestación inicial de cáncer de próstata / Dural metastasis as the first manifestation of prostate cancer

Las metástasis del cáncer de próstata en las meningesintracraneales son raras y con frecuencia son confundidas con meningiomas, hematomas epiduraleso subdurales crónicos. Usualmente se presentan en pacientes con diagnóstico oncológico conocido en estadios avanzados de la enfermedad y solo en algunos raros casos sus manifestaciones han precedido a la detección del tumor primario. La presentación clínica es inespecífica, sin embargo, por la afinidad de estos tumores por la base del cráneo, constituye un diagnóstico diferencial del compromiso de pares craneales en varones mayores de 70 años. El tratamiento de estas lesiones no ha sido estandarizado y dentro de las opciones terapéuticas están la resección quirúrgica, quimioterapia, radioterapia o la combinación de estas medidas y aún así la supervivencia es corta. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 77 años cuya manifestación inicial del cáncer de próstata fue la sintomatología producida por una lesión metastásica en laduramadre, confirmada por histopatología. Se revisan los aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos y de imagen más sobresalientes de las metástasis meníngeas del cáncer de próstata (AU)

Metastases of prostate cancer to intracranial meninges are rare and often confused with meningiomasor chronic subdural hematomas. These usually occurin patients with a known cancer diagnosis in advanced stages of the disease, and only in some rare cases doits manifestations precede the detection of the primary tumour. The clinical presentation is unspecific. However, due to the affinity of this tumour for the base of theskull, it must be included in the differential diagnosis of men over 70 years of age with cranial nerve palsy. The treatment of these lesions has not been standardized. With in the therapeutic options we find surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy or a combination of these measures, and yet survival is poor.We present the case of a 77 year old male patient whose initial symptoms of prostate cancer were causedby a metastatic lesion to the dura, confirmed by histopathology. We also review the epidemiological, clinical and imaging highlights of this condition (AU)

Condroma adyacente al cavum de Meckel simulando un neurinoma del quinto par craneal. A propósito de un caso / Chondroma adjacent to Meckel's cave mimicking a fifth cranial nerve neurinoma. A case report

Los condromas craneales son tumores derivados de remanentes de células embrionarias condrocíticas que habitualmente aparecen en la sincondrosis de la base del cráneo. A diferencia del resto del organismo,donde los tumores condroides constituyen el tumor óseo primario más frecuente solo por detrás de los de estirpe hematopoyética, a nivel craneal constituyen una entidad poco frecuente con una incidencia de menos del 1% de los tumores intracraneales. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 42años remitido a nuestra consulta por el hallazgo de una lesión extraaxial situada en la región del cavum de Meckel y extensión a la fosa posterior con compresión del troncoencéfalo tras clínica de paraparesia de 6meses de evolución. Bajo el diagnóstico de un neurinoma del V par craneal se realiza una exéresis subtotal del tumor mediante un abordaje combinado supra-infratentorial presigmoideo. El resultado anatomopatológico postoperatorio confirma el diagnóstico de condroma craneal

Cranial chondromas are tumours arising from chondrocyte embryonic remnants cells that usually appear in the skull base synchondrosis. In contrast to the rest of the organism, where chondroid tumours are the most common primary bone tumour just behind the haematopoietic lineage ones, they are a rarity at cranial level, with an incidence of less than 1% of intracranial tumours. The case is reported on a 42 year-old male referred to our clinic due to the finding of an extra-axial lesion located close to the Meckel's cave region, with extension to the posterior fossa and brainstem compression after progressive paraparesis of 6 months onset. With the diagnosis of trigeminal schwannoma, a subtotal tumour resection was performed using a combined supra-infratentorial pre-sigmoidal approach. The postoperative histopathology report confirmed the diagnosis of cranial condroma