Biochemical perspectives of xylitol extracted from indigenous agricultural by-product mung bean (Vigna radiata) hulls in a rat model.

BACKGROUND: The production of xylitol from lignocellulosic material is of great interest around the world. It can be used as bulk sweetener and its possible lower energy value has increased acceptance for discerning consumers. Xylitol was produced from indigenous agricultural by-product (mung bean hulls) through Candida tropicalis fermentation. Further, xylitol incorporation at different concentrations (0, 100 and 200 g kg⁻¹) was carried out with the purpose of appraising the suitability and claimed health benefits of this dietetic ingredient in food products. Asserted biochemical perspectives of the xylitol intake were evaluated through biological studies for normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. RESULTS: The addition of xylitol significantly affected feed intake, weight gain, liver and cecum weight in both normal and diabetic rats. The biochemical profile of serum was improved with xylitol incorporation in the diet. Serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels were decreased depending on xylitol intake level. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study demonstrated that mung bean hulls have high potential as a new feedstock for xylitol production. In addressing the current concerns of obesity and diabetes, xylitol extracted from such agricultural waste should be considered in diet-based therapies for weight loss programmes.

Ochratoxin A in several grains in Iran.

Ochratoxin A content in 100 grain and derived products were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with immunoaffinity column clean-up and fluorometric detection. Ochratoxin A was detected in 32% of green gram, 13.3% of chickpea, 10% of lentil and 17.5% of wheat flour. Ochratoxin contamination was below the regulatory limits of the European Union and of Iran. Recovery was 97% and the limit of detection was 0.12 ng g⁻¹.

Vegetable cost metrics show that potatoes and beans provide most nutrients per penny.

Vegetables are important sources of dietary fiber, vitamins and minerals in the diets of children. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National School Lunch Program has new requirements for weekly servings of vegetable subgroups as well as beans and peas. This study estimated the cost impact of meeting the USDA requirements using 2008 national prices for 98 vegetables, fresh, frozen, and canned. Food costs were calculated per 100 grams, per 100 calories, and per edible cup. Rank 6 score, a nutrient density measure was based on six nutrients: dietary fiber; potassium; magnesium; and vitamins A, C, and K. Individual nutrient costs were measured as the monetary cost of 10% daily value of each nutrient per cup equivalent. ANOVAs with post hoc tests showed that beans and starchy vegetables, including white potatoes, were cheaper per 100 calories than were dark-green and deep-yellow vegetables. Fresh, frozen, and canned vegetables had similar nutrient profiles and provided comparable nutritional value. However, less than half (n = 46) of the 98 vegetables listed by the USDA were were consumed >5 times by children and adolescents in the 2003-4 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. For the more frequently consumed vegetables, potatoes and beans were the lowest-cost sources of potassium and fiber. These new metrics of affordable nutrition can help food service and health professionals identify those vegetable subgroups in the school lunch that provide the best nutritional value per penny.

Hydrocarbon phytoremediation in the family Fabaceae--a review.

Currently, studies often focus on the use of Poaceae species (grasses) for phytoremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. Research into the use of Fabaceae species (legumes) to remediate hydrocarbons in soils has been conducted, but these plants are commonly overlooked due to slower recorded rates of degradation compared with many grass species. Evidence in the literature suggests that in some cases Fabaceae species may increase total degradation of hydrocarbons and stimulate degradative capacity of the soil microbial community, particularly for contaminants which are normally more recalcitrant to degradation. As many recalcitrant hydrocarbons have negative impacts on human and ecosystem health, development of remediation options is crucial. Reconsideration of Fabaceae species for removal of such contaminants may lead to environmentally and economically sustainable technologies for remediation of contaminated sites.

The morama bean (Tylosema esculentum): a potential crop for southern Africa.

The morama bean is an underutilized leguminous oilseed native to the Kalahari Desert and neighboring sandy regions of Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa (Limpopo, North-West, Gauteng, and Northern Cape provinces), and forms part of the diet of the indigenous population in these countries. It is also known as gemsbok bean, moramaboontjie, elandboontjie, braaiboonjie, marama, marumana, tsi, tsin, gami, and ombanui. It is reported as an excellent source of good quality protein (29-39%); its oil (24-48%) is rich in mono- and di-unsaturated fatty acids and contains no cholesterol. Morama is a good source of micronutrients such as calcium, iron, zinc, phosphate, magnesium, and B vitamins including folate. It is also reported to be a potential source of phytonutrients including phenolic compounds (e.g., tannins), trypsin inhibitors, phytates, and oligosaccharides, components which have been shown in other foods to contribute to health in particular, prevention of noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and some cancers. From a nutritional and health perspective, the morama bean has potential commercial value as a cash crop and value-added products, particularly in the communities where it is found.

Hábitos preferenciales de los consumidores de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L) en México / Preferential habits of consumers of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) in Mexico

El conocimiento de los hábitos preferenciales de los consumidores de frijol es fundamental para definir los objetos en los programas de mejoramiento genético y para diseñar las estrategias de mercadeo en una región o país determinados. El presente trabajo se basó en la aplicación de 1514 encuestas a consumidores de frijol de 14 entidades federativas de la República Mexicana. Para la interpretación de los resultados el país se dividió en cuatro regiones: Noroeste, Centro y Sur. En la región Noroeste el 98 por ciento de los encuestados consume frijol "Azufrado" (amarillo azufre); en el Noreste el 70 por ciento concume "Pinto" (beige con motas cafés) y "Bayo" (Beige); en la zona Sur el 90 por ciento consume frijol "Negro", mientras que en la zona Centro se consume todas las clases comerciales. Se detectó que dentro de cada clase comercial existen preferencias específicas en relación al tamaño y brillantez del grano; sin embargo, en la clase comercial Negro los consumidores prefieren el grano de testa opaca y tamaño de 18-22/100 semillas mientras que en la clase "Flor de Mayo" (beige con motas rosas) los consumidores prefieren grano de testa brillante y tamaño de 30-35/100 semillas. La principal característica que utilizan los consumidores para definir sus preferencias es el tiempo de cocción y el sabor. Se detectó que entre los consumidores de frijol los hábitos preferenciales están muy arraigadas pues el 70 por ciento declaró no estar dispuesto a cambiar el frijol de su preferencia aún cuando la clase alternativa fuese más barata. Por otro lado, los consumidores normalmente no remojan el grano en agua ni agregan sal al inicio del proceso de cocción para no afectar el sabor y apariencia del frijol. Estos resultados fueron confirmados con pruebas sensoriales. En el presente trabajo también se discuten aspectos relacionados con formas de procesamiento y consumo y algunos aspectos de mercadeo del grano de frijol