Hackers against technology: Critique and recuperation in technological cycles.

I offer an interpretation of hackers' technological choices through a theoretical framework of critique and recuperation in technological cycles, building on prior research that brings the pragmatic sociology of Boltanski and Chiapello to bear on matters in Science and Technology Studies. I argue that contextualizing technology choices in the development of capitalism through innovation illuminates their political significance. I start with the counterintuitive observation that some browser extensions popular with hackers, like RequestPolicy, make it considerably harder for them to look at websites. This observation showcases the Luddite aspects of hackerdom, in that they are willing to 'break' popular websites that would otherwise cheat on the user. In line with an undercurrent of hacker studies, in this case study I find hackers fighting technological progress they see as social decline.

[Webometrics ­ on the occasion of the awarding of the Derek John de Solla Price Medal, 2015]. / A webometriáról - a 2015. évi Derek John de Solla Price-emlékérem odaítélése alkalmából.

The most significant recognition in scientometrics, the Derek John de Solla Price Medal was awarded in 2015 to Mike Thelwall. Thelwall is a dominant personality in webometrics studying the internet presence of scientific research with quantitative methods. In this paper the emergence, standing and directions of webometrics are briefly reviewed.

[Computer technologies in teaching pathological anatomy].

The paper gives experience with personal computers used at the Academician A.L. Strukov Department of Pathological Anatomy for more than 20 years. It shows the objective necessity of introducing computer technologies at all stages of acquiring skills in anatomical pathology, including lectures, students' free work, test check, etc.

The internet and the physician-patient relationship.

BACKGROUND: Since the emergence of the public Internet in the early 1990s, the healthcare industry has been struggling to understand how best to utilize this resource. During the last decade there has been an increase in both the interest and participation by healthcare providers in the Internet space, but many observers continue to push for more development of healthcare resources to better support the provider-patient relationship. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: This paper will review the historical development of the Internet, the core concepts that have driven the emergence and evolution of the Internet as a mass medium of information exchange, and how the healthcare industry can harness the Internet to improve the provider patient relationship. WHERE ARE WE NOW?: The healthcare industry continues to lag behind other industries that have been transformed by the Internet. Numerous industries including travel, real estate, retail sales, and banking have migrated both comprehensive information resources and transactions to the Internet in order to improve efficiency and customer satisfaction. That same process is occurring now in the healthcare industry. Credible and comprehensive Information resources are beginning to mature. Transactions are still in their infancy, reflecting a continued concern about privacy and security. WHERE DO WE NEED TO GO?: We need to improve information resources to educate and inform patients. Improving the availability and credibility of information resources will empower patients to make better healthcare decisions and I contend will ultimately reduce the cost of delivering care. HOW DO WE GET THERE?: Orthopaedists must first recognize the value of information resources to the patient. Effective communication with patients is a critical component of providing healthcare services. All healthcare providers should reflect on the importance of developing an effective communications strategy for their own practice and consider the benefits of participating in efforts by professional organizations to improve existing information resources.

Mark Ylvisaker's influence on scripts, videos, and projects within a South African context.

The current article overviews a range of collaborative group projects undertaken by members of the Conversation Groups for individuals living with aphasia and cognitive-communication disorders in the Department of Communication Pathology, University of Pretoria, South Africa. Projects work toward creating networks of support and lessening barriers for the individual living with aphasia and cognitive-communication disorders. The article highlights the pervasive and far-reaching influence across continents of Professor Mark Ylvisaker's philosophy, writings, and personal teachings on both Conversation Group projects as well as student clinician-training practice in the University of Pretoria context. In addition, Ylvisaker's influence is described on the development of a collaborative communication partner-training program within a South African retail supermarket environment, highlighting the effort to remove barriers between employees and customers with a cognitive-communication disability specifically.

From Confucianism to psychology: Rebooting Internet addicts in China.

Coined in the 1990s, the term "Internet addiction" encapsulates a brief but influential human history of technological advancement and psychological development. However, most studies have treated Internet addiction as a "global" concept in the realm of science without taking into consideration its sociocultural meanings and local history. In China, obsessive online gaming behavior among youth is viewed as a national issue of public health and social control. This article examines the special development of interventions to address Internet addiction in China within a broader local history of culturally inflected social control, market reform, the one-child policy, and psychology. Based on historical review and ethnographic data from a treatment center specializing in Internet addiction, this article presents a deep analysis of what Internet addiction means in Chinese lives. It argues that Internet addiction is, in fact, a cultural idiom of distress related to social control rather than a universal syndrome of self-control. It represents the dynamic interactions between Confucian family values and market reform, the one-child policy, and recent trends in psychology and technology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Comparison of New Era's Education Platforms, YouTube® and WebSurg®, in Sleeve Gastrectomy.

INTRODUCTION: The Internet is a widely used resource for obtaining medical information. However, the quality of information on online platforms is still debated. Our goal in this quality-controlled WebSurg® and YouTube®-based study was to compare these two online video platforms in terms of the accuracy and quality of information about sleeve gastrectomy videos. METHODS: Most viewed (popular) videos returned by YouTube® search engine in response to the keyword "sleeve gastrectomy" were included in the study. The educational accuracy and quality of the videos were evaluated according to known scoring systems. A novel scoring system measured technical quality. The ten most viewed (popular) videos in WebSurg® in response to the keyword "sleeve gastrectomy" were compared with ten YouTube® videos with the highest educational/technical scores. RESULTS: Scoring systems measuring the educational accuracy and quality of WebSurg® videos were significantly higher than ten YouTube® videos which have the most top technical scores (p < 0.05), and no significant difference was found in the assessment of ten YouTube® videos that have the highest technical ratings compared with WebSurg® videos (p 0.481). CONCLUSIONS: WebSurg® videos, which were passed through a reviewing process and were mostly prepared by academicians, remained below the expected quality. The main limitation of WebSurg® and YouTube® is the lack of information on preoperative and postoperative processes.

A brief history of nursing informatics in the United States of America.

From the beginning of modern nursing, data from standardized patient records were seen as a potentially powerful resource for assessing and improving the quality of care. As nursing informatics began to evolve in the second half of the 20th century, the lack of standards for language and data limited the functionality and usefulness of early applications. In response, nurses developed standardized languages, but until the turn of the century, neither they nor anyone else understood the attributes required to achieve computability and semantic interoperability. Collaboration across disciplines and national boundaries has led to the development of standards that meet these requirements, opening the way for powerful information tools. Many challenges remain, however. Realizing the potential of nurses to transform and improve health care and outcomes through informatics will require fundamental changes in individuals, organizations, and systems. Nurses are developing and applying informatics methods and tools to discover knowledge and improve health from the molecular to the global level and are seeking the collective wisdom of interdisciplinary and interorganizational collaboration to effect the necessary changes. NOTE: Although this article focuses on nursing informatics in the United States, nurses around the world have made substantial contributions to the field. This article alludes to a few of those advances, but a comprehensive description is beyond the scope of the present work.

CROWNWeb--the evolution of kidney data management (Part I).

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services is developing a Web-based application, Consolidated Renal Operations in a Web-Enabled Network (CROWNWeb), which is designed to facilitate data entry, updating, and retrieval for dialysis facilities nationwide. Part 1 of this three-part series outlines the history of end-stage renal disease and Medicare, and covers the rapid growth of ESRD data management as well as other events that require progression to an online data collection and management system.

Decreases in psychological well-being among American adolescents after 2012 and links to screen time during the rise of smartphone technology.

In nationally representative yearly surveys of United States 8th, 10th, and 12th graders 1991-2016 (N = 1.1 million), psychological well-being (measured by self-esteem, life satisfaction, and happiness) suddenly decreased after 2012. Adolescents who spent more time on electronic communication and screens (e.g., social media, the Internet, texting, gaming) and less time on nonscreen activities (e.g., in-person social interaction, sports/exercise, homework, attending religious services) had lower psychological well-being. Adolescents spending a small amount of time on electronic communication were the happiest. Psychological well-being was lower in years when adolescents spent more time on screens and higher in years when they spent more time on nonscreen activities, with changes in activities generally preceding declines in well-being. Cyclical economic indicators such as unemployment were not significantly correlated with well-being, suggesting that the Great Recession was not the cause of the decrease in psychological well-being, which may instead be at least partially due to the rapid adoption of smartphones and the subsequent shift in adolescents' time use. (PsycINFO Database Record

Alzforum.

The Alzheimer Research Forum Web site ( http://www.alzforum.org ) is an independent research project to develop an online community resource to manage scientific knowledge, information, and data about Alzheimer disease (AD). Its goals are to promote rapid communication, research efficiency, and collaborative, multidisciplinary interactions. Introducing new knowledge management approaches to AD research has a potentially large societal value. AD is among the leading causes of disability and death in older people. According to the Alzheimer's Association, four million Americans currently suffer from AD. That number is expected to escalate to over 10 million in coming decades. Patients progress from memory loss to a bedridden state over many years and require near-constant care. In addition to imposing a heavy burden on family caregivers and society at large, AD and related neurodegenerative disorders are among the most complex and challenging in biomedicine. Researchers have produced an abundance of data implicating diverse biological mechanisms. Important factors include genes, environmental risks, changes in cell functions, DNA damage, accumulation of misfolded proteins, cell death, immune responses, changes related to aging, and reduced regenerative capacity. Yet there is no agreement on the fundamental causes of AD. The situations regarding Parkinson, Huntington, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are similar. The challenge of integrating so much data into testable hypotheses and unified concepts is formidable. What is more, basic understanding of these diseases needs to intersect with an equally complex universe of pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, animal studies, and clinical trials. In this chapter, we will describe the approaches developed by Alzforum to achieve knowledge integration through information technology and virtual community-building. We will also propose some future directions in the application of Web-based knowledge management systems in neuromedicine.