[220th anniversary of the Department of Forensic Medicine of Sechenov University]. / 220 let kafedre sudebnoi meditsiny Sechenovskogo Universiteta.

The article presents a review of scientific and educational activities of the Department of Forensic Medicine of Sechenov University in different historical periods of establishment and development. The information about founders of the domestic forensic medicine, who held the position of the head of the department in the period from 1804 to 2024, their contribution to the development of forensic medical science and the main scientific research directions is given. The modern stage of the department's existence under the leadership of Yu.I. Pigolkin is marked by new successes and scientific achievements based on continuity and preservation of the department's traditions for 220 years.

[To the 90th anniversary of the department of pathological anatomy with a course of forensic medicine named after professor D.D.Lokhov of Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University]. / K 90-letiyu kafedry patologicheskoi anatomii s kursom sudebnoi meditsiny im. professora D.D. Lokhova Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo pediatricheskogo meditsinskogo universiteta.

The article is devoted to the history of Professor D.D. Lokhov Department of Pathological Anatomy with a course of forensic medicine of the St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, founded by one of founders of the national pathological anatomy of childhood and adolescence, Professor D.D. Lokhov, whose name has been awarded to the Department since 2022. The updated advances of the Department in research, teaching and diagnostic activity are presented.

[Forensic school of professor V.L. Popov]. / Sudebno-meditsinskaya shkola professora V.L. Popova.

The authors' idea of the "scientific school" concept is presented. The evolution of the forensic school formation is shown, starting from the student years, through professional specialization and scientific analysis of forensic practice to independent thesis. The basic principles of training military forensic experts in the Military Medical Academy are demonstrated. A summary of 40 candidates and doctoral theses performed under the scientific supervision and with the scientific advice of Professor V.L. Popov is presented as well.

[The teacher (scientific forensic legacy of professor M.I. Avdeev)]. / Ob uchitele (nauchnoe sudebno-meditsinskoe nasledie professora M.I. Avdeeva).

Main directions of scientific and scientific-practical activity of the professor Mikhail Ivanovich Avdeev are described in the article. These include: a set of scientific tasks to justify the staff and organizational structure, organization and justification of the expert work content in the specialized military forensic service, including the training programs development for specialization and thematic improvement of forensic experts; determining the limits of competence for forensic experts in determining the violent death type; systematization of causes and death conditions; establishing structure of sudden death causes in young persons; assessment of the pathogenetic role of trauma and pathology in the development of basal subarachnoid hemorrhages; formulation of the conceptual base content for forensic medicine; justification of a scientifically based sequence of forensic medicine reproduction; creation of a scientific school of military forensic experts; preparation and publication of about 50 textbooks, manuals and, monographs on forensic medicine, including the fundamental work «Forensic Medicine Course¼, «Forensic Examination of Living People¼, «Forensic Corpse Examination¼.

William Hunter's aristocratic post mortems.

William Hunter's writings, lectures and his collection of circa 1,400 pathological specimens at the University of Glasgow show that, within the scientific limitations of the 18th Century, he had a sound grasp of the significance of morbid anatomical appearances. Unlike John Hunter's collection at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, few of the Hunterian specimens at Glasgow have an accompanying case history. Within the Special Collections at the Glasgow University Library are a small number of post mortem reports, including four involving William Hunter's aristocratic patients. This article explores these patient cases, and also the only instance recorded by John Hunter of William working with him on a post mortem of an aristocrat, that of the Marquis of Rockingham, Prime Minister, who died in 1782. The study aims to better understand William Hunter's medical practice and his professional connections with other practitioners. The post mortem examinations were carried out by a surgeon/anatomist and observed by the patient's physician(s). For aristocratic post mortems, those attending were senior and well-established practitioners. The notes made were not particularly detailed. The reports show clearly that William Hunter's practice, in the 1760s at least, was not confined to midwifery.

[Activities of the department of forensic medicine of Sechenov University during the great patriotic war]. / Deyatel'nost' kafedry sudebnoi meditsiny Sechenovskogo universiteta (I MOLMI) v gody Velikoi Otechestvennoi voiny.

The purpose of the work is a brief historical and medical analysis of activities of the Department of Forensic Medicine of First Moscow Medical Institute during the Great Patriotic War. The authors presented the scientific, practical and teaching activities of the department during war years. The staff of the department, headed by prof. V.F. Chervakov conducted research relevant to the current historical period. The system of training medical personnel was modernized several times in accordance with the needs of the time. The department successfully coped with all tasks in a military situation and laid the foundations for further development of domestic forensic medicine.

[Devoted to E.M. Evgen'ev-Tish]. / Stranitsy zhizni E.M. Evgen'eva-Tish.

The article illustrates the life of E.M. Evgen'ev-Tish, the well-known Physician, Forensic Medical Expert, Scientist, Head of the Department of Forensic Medicine (1954-1956) of the Kazan State Medical University. He is the author of the well-known monograph 'Determination of the Postmortem Interval in Forensic Medical Practice' published in 1963, which embraced all possible study methods on that subject.

The remains at Lethbridge's Pocket - the case against the Kenniff brothers.

On 30th March 1902 Police Constable George Doyle and Carnarvon Station manager Albert Dahlke were allegedly gunned down at Lethbridge's Pocket in Central Queensland. Approximately 90 kg of ash and burnt human remains with articles belonging to the two men were later found in saddle bags left at the scene on a police horse. Subsequently two local cattle and horse thieves, Patrick and James Kenniff, were convicted in the Queensland Supreme Court of the wilful murder of Constable Doyle. Patrick was executed by hanging on 12th January 1903 and James had his sentence reduced to life imprisonment with hard labor. A number of irregularities were subsequently raised about the trial including the use of a "special" jury and the reliability of evidence from a witness who did not actually see the event. Forensic issues to be explored involve the accuracy of the descriptions of the carbonized material, whether the remains were actually those of Doyle and Dahlke, and whether the victims were dismembered before burning, as was alleged by the prosecution.

[Concise history of toxicology - from empiric knowledge to science]. / A toxikológia rövid története ­ a tapasztalattól a tudományig.

Toxicology is a science of poisonings by xenobiotics and endogenous physiological changes. Its empiric roots may be traced back to the emerging of the human race because the most important pledge of our predecessors' survival was the differentiation between eatable and poisonous plants and animals. In the course of social evolution, there were three main fields of using poisons: 1) hunting and warfare, 2) to settle social tensions by avoiding military conflicts through hiding strategy of eliminating enemies by toxic substances, 3) medicines applied first as anti-poisons and later by introducing strong substances to defeat diseases, but paradoxically active euthanasia is also a part of the whole story. The industrial revolution of the 19th century changed the sporadic occupational diseases to mass conditions. Later the chemical industry and subsequently the mass production of synthetic materials turned out as a global environmental catastrophe. This latest change initiated the emerging of ecological toxicology which is a future history of the concerning ancient science. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(3): 83-90.

[On the occasion of his 180th birthday anniversary of Ivan Ivanovich Neiding]. / K 180-letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia Ivana Ivanovicha Neidinga.

This article is devoted to the life and professional activities of the internationally renowned forensic doctor Ivan Ivanovich Neiding who became widely known in the early youth as the discoverer of the microscopic diagnostic features of the constriction marks formed in association with hanging and strangulation. During more than 22 years (from 1878 till 1900), I.I. Neiding acted as the head of the Department of Forensic medicine at the Moscow University where a large number of investigations on forensic medical ballistics, toxicology, obstetric and gynecological expertise were carried out under his supervision. At the time when I.I. Neiding headed the Department, the academic process was for the first time organized in the form of the specialized studies conducted by concrete specialists. Ivan Ivanovich Neiding himself was actively involved in the practical expert work and participated in the development of the procedural basis of the forensic medical expertise. In the hard times of political reaction, he managed to strengthen the role and position of the Department that was officially redesignated as the research institute.

[Forensic medical expertise in Petrograd - Leningrad - Saint-Petersburg in the XX-XXI centuries: the past and the present]. / Sudebno-meditsinskaia ékspertiza v Petrograde - Leningrade - Sankt-Peterburge v KhKh-KhKhI vekakh: proshloe i nastoiashchee.

The Saint-Petersburg state healthcare institution 'Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise' (SPb SBHCI 'Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise') celebrated its 100th anniversary on April 9, 2018. This article provides information concerning the organization and management of the forensic medical expertise system in Petrograd, Leningrad, and Saint-Petersburg in the XX-XXI centuries. The data on the staff composition of the Bureau and character of its activities are presented together with the outline of its main directions and practical achievements.

[Forensic medical expertise in Saint-Petersburg in the period from the XVIII and the early XX centuries: the sources and organization of the forensic medical expert activity]. / Sudebno-meditsinskaia ékspertiza v Sankt-Peterburge v KhVIII - nachale KhKh veka: istoki i organizatsiia ékspertnoi raboty.

This article contains information about the organization of the forensic medical expert investigation in the city of Saint-Petersburg since the time of its foundation. The sources of origin of the first Russian service of forensic medical expertise as a component of the state-supported healthcare system, as exemplified by the Saint-Petersburg state healthcare institution 'Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise', are described.

[On the occasion of the 200th birthday anniversary of D.E. Min]. / K 200-letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia D.E. Mina.

This article is dedicated to the memory of the outstanding Russian forensic doctor and literary figure professor D.E. Min on the occasion of his 200th birthday anniversary. The assignment of D.E. Min to the position of the head of Department of the State Medical Practice at the Emperor's Moscow University coincided with the large-scale judiciary reform carried out in the country at that time which envisaged, among other innovations, the practice of questioning of an expert in the court room. The new developments in the practical expert activities required the revision of the former approaches to the education and training of forensic medical experts. D.E. Min was the first to introduce the practice of public defense of expert judgements by the students of the Department as an indispensable component of their routine learning activities. He founded the museum of forensic medicine and pioneered the method for teaching the intravital forensic examination. D.E. Min initiated and supervised original research on mechanical asphyxia, forensic-medical toxicology, and traumatology. D.E. Min and his co-workers were frequently engaged by the agencies in charge of preliminary investigation to participate in forensic medical expertise associated with the inquiries into the most lurid criminal cases of those times. The scientist made the essential contribution to the development of forensic medicine in this country and the modernization of the academic process at the Department of the State Medical Practice that greatly promoted satisfaction of the basic requirements of practical forensic medical activities.

[The establishment and development of the Forensic Biochemical Department in the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Moscow Health Department]. / Stanovlenie i razvitie sudebno-biokhimicheskogo otdeleniia v Biuro sudebno-meditsinskoi ékspertizy Departamenta zdravookhraneniia Moskvy.

The Forensic Biochemical Department commemorates its 53d anniversary in 2018, the jubilee year for the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Moscow Health Department. The author describes the history of the establishment and development of forensic biochemistry in this country, its significance for and contribution to the practical work of forensic medical experts.

[Operational management of the state forensic medical expert activity in Russia as a scientific problem: brief history analyzed and prospects for further studies]. / Upravlenie gosudarstvennoi sudebno-meditsinskoi deiatel'nost'iu v Rossii kak nauchnaia problema: kratkii istoricheskii analiz i perspektivy issledovaniia.

The authors consider and systematize the methods currently in use for the purpose of operational management of the state forensic medical expert activity (FMA) in Russia throughout the entire historical period since the establishment and development of the forensic medical expertise service in this country as well as the prospects for its further improvement. The importance of the problem arises from the fact that the legal status of the forensic medical expertise in the Russian Federation remains a matter of scientific discussions. On the one hand, some experts consider it necessary to set up on a broader basis forensic medical facilities of a new type as an alternative to the existing governmental bodies. On the other hand, such structures are being de facto established by the state law-enforcement agencies. The organizational restructuring keeps abreast with the better understanding of the its theoretical principles, forms of and approaches to the operational management of the state forensic medical expert activity. Under these conditions, the historical analysis of the current forensic medical activities at different stages of their development and their operational management as well as prospects for their further improvement appears to be both highly justified and useful.

[The history of collaboration between the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Moscow Health Department and the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Sechenovsky University]. / Istoriia vzaimodeistviia Biuro sudebno-meditsinskoi ékspertizy Departamenta zdravookhraneniia Moskvy i kafedry sudebnoi meditsiny Sechenovskogo universiteta.

This article presents the materials devoted to the long-term history of collaboration between the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Moscow Health Department and the Department of Forensic Medicine of the Sechenovsky University. Special attention is given to the contribution made by the Department of Forensic Medicine to the scientific and practical activities, methodological and staffing support first of the Moscow forensic medical services and thereafter of the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise operating under the auspices of the Moscow Health Department. Simultaneously, the influence of the work of the Moscow Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise on the development and improvement of the scientific, methodological, and pedagogical activities of the Russia's oldest Department of Forensic Medicine is overviewed. The personal contribution of the most prominent forensic medical experts and physicians of Moscow to medical science and practice is illustrated by concrete examples.

[The contribution of E.O. Mukhin to the development of forensic medicine in Russia during the first half of the XIXth century (on the occasion of his 250th birthday anniversary)]. / Vklad E.O. Mukhina v razvitie rossiiskoi sudebnoi meditsiny pervoi poloviny KhIKh veka. K 250-letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia.

Efrem Osipovich Mukhin, actual state councilor, was a known surgeon, anatomist, physiologist, toxicologist, and hygienist. He is honoured as one of the founders of the Russian school of forensic medical expertise and traumatology. During 22 years, E.O. Mukhin headed the Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Forensic Medicine at the Moscow Imperial University where he taught forensic medicine, anatomy, physiology, toxicology, and medical police. He was the first Russian scientist to develop the fundamentals of reflexology and most comprehensively present the problem of integration of the organism and its environment. E.O. Mukhin is considered to be the initiator of anatomo-physiological research in medicine.

[The Grand Prince G.A. Romanov and the diagnostic capabilities of XIX century medicine]. / Velikii kniaz' G.A. Romanov i diagnosticheskie vozmozhnosti meditsiny KhIKh veka.

This article is devoted to the medical aspects of the biography of the Grand Prince Georgiy Romanov, the younger brother of Nikolas II, the Russian Emperor. It reports the results of the analysis of the formerly unpublished documents stored in the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA). The authors present the data characterizing the level of medical care provided to the patients in Russia of that time. In addition, they describe the specific morphological patterns of pulmonary tuberculosis which affected the Crown Prince and became the cause of his death.

15th Anniversary of the Molecular Techniques Unit at the Department of Forensic Medicine at Wroclaw Medical University.

Molecular Techniques Unit at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University has been operating since December 2003. Soon it will be 15 years since its establishment. This anniversary become an inspiration to write down the story of this institution whose origins illustrate the immense changes that have taken place in forensic genetics. The aim of our work was also to consolidate the professional achievements of Professor Tadeusz Dobosz, chief of the Unit, one of the pioneers of introducing DNA testing technology into Polish forensic medicine. The most important achievements of the Unit include participation in two EU research projects, the development of a non-destructive method of extraction of genetic material, research in field of gene therapy and certification of the Laboratory of the Molecular Techniques Unit by the Polish Accreditation Center (PCA) confirming compliance with the requirements of the PN-EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005 standard.

Skide godt! - Phenomenon Olsen gang from a forensic point of view.

INTRODUCTION: The Olsen gang is a 14-episode film series about a gang of three thieves, who are very imaginative, but often unsuccessful in their burglary attempts "to score a real hit". In Denmark, the German Democratic Republic and Poland the films about Egon Olsen were blockbusters and still enjoy cult status there. Apart from a small amount of popular literature, the phenomenon of the Olsen gang has never been scientifically investigated from a forensic point of view so far. METHODS: The films, produced between 1968 and 1998 (more than 22 hours of footage), were evaluated and compared with each other under forensic, legal and forensic-psychiatric aspects. The cooperation between the three scientific disciplines was intended to add a new perspective to the crime comedies. RESULTS: A wide variety of medically relevant facts are presented in the movies. Even with all their criminal enthusiasm the Olsen gang commits almost no crimes against anyone's physical integrity. The films show legally comparable crimes, especially cases of severe band theft. Based on the criminal offenses committed, no gang member suffers from a psychiatric disorder fulfilling the criteria defined in Sections 20, 21 German Criminal Code. CONCLUSIONS: The great international success of the Olsen gang is certainly attributable to the imaginative theft plans for "fund-raising" and their almost pitiful failure. Many forensically relevant aspects are not shown in a realistic way. The accumulation of offenses and periods of imprisonment could result in preventive detention. The offenders are driven by normal psychological motives.