Controllable synthesis of thiol-capped CdTe nanoparticles for optical sensing of triethylenetetramine dihydrochloride.

Highly luminescent CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized through a co-precipitation route in aqueous salt solutions using different thiols as stabilizers. The synthetic procedure was simple, efficient, and stable. It could also allow controlling the emission wavelength by varying the experimental conditions such as reaction time and pH values. The strong luminescence of the QDs was observed under UV-excitation and emission colors could be adjusted. The interaction between CdTe QDs and triethylenetetramine dihydrochloride (TETA) which is a candidate treatment for diabetic cardiovascular complication was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. Based on the quenching effect on CdTe photoluminescence intensity by TETA, a simple assay system for analyzing the content of TETA in aqueous samples was developed. The linearity was maintained in the range of 0.2 µM to 1.2 µM (R2 = 0.994) with a limit of detection (LOD; S/N = 3) at 28 nM. The results showed that CdTe QDs capped with diverse thiols has a potential for the quantitative analysis of TETA in urine samples.

Determination of triethylenetetramine (TETA) and its metabolites in human plasma and urine by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method has been developed to measure triethylenetetramine (TETA) and its metabolites in human samples. We identified two metabolites of TETA, N1-acetyltriethylenetetramine (MAT) and N1,N10-diacetyltriethylenetetramine (DAT), the latter being novel. We further developed this LC-MS method for the measurement of TETA and these metabolites in human plasma and urine in a single injection. Separation of analytes was achieved on a cyano column using 15% acetonitrile, 85% water (18 M Omega), and 0.1% heptafluorobutyric acid as the mobile phase. Simultaneous MS detection was performed at [M+H]+ values of 147, 189, 231 and 245, corresponding to TETA, MAT, DAT, and N1-acetylspermine as the internal standard, respectively. This method was successfully applied to measure TETA, MAT and DAT in plasma and urine of humans receiving oral drug treatment.

Validated, stability-indicated quantitative purity test for triethylenetetramine tetrachlorhydrate by automated multiple development.

There is a monography of Triethylenetetramine dichlorhydrate (Trientine) in the United States Pharmacopeia. But neither the base nor the salts di- or tetra-chlorhydrate are in the European Pharmacopeia. Triethylène tetramine tetrachlorhydrate, used by AGEPS now as matural, is more soluble then triethylene tetramine dichlorhydrate. It is administred to patients with Wilson's disease, which results from a congenital lack of the copper metabolism. A quantitative purity test of this drug by automated multiple development high-performance thin-layer chromatography is developed and validated. The validation parameters tested are specifically characterized by retention factor, linearity, limits of detection and quantitation of several nanograms, reliability, and accuracy. To determine impurities, the monography of triethylenetetramine dichlorhydrate in the American Pharmacopeia is tested. This method in classic developing tank requires two mobile phases and is not quantitative. Assays in high-performance liquid chromatography with a different column and mobile phase did not give good results for the separation of impurities. Thus, it is not possible to perform comparative validation of the separation of the impurities. Only the assay of triethylenetetramine with potentiometer detection has been validated.

Determination of triethylenetetramine dihydrochloride in aqueous solution by reversed-phase ion-pairing high performance liquid chromatography and conductivity detection.

Triethylenetetramine dihydrochloride (TETA) has been used for the treatment of Wilson's disease which is a metabolic disorder that prevents its victims from eliminating excess copper. TETA was scheduled for toxicological evaluation because of a deficiency of such information. Analytical chemical procedures to determine the purity of the drug as well as the proper concentration and stability of the drug in dosed water were prerequisites for the toxicological tests. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure employing ion-pairing and conductivity detection has been developed for the analysis of TETA in dosed water at levels as low as 10 micrograms/mL and for the determination of drug purity. The conductivity detector response was linear over the concentration range of 10 to 100 micrograms/mL. Data are presented concerning the stability of the drug in water during ambient storage and after autoclaving. An ancillary colorimetric procedure for the analysis of aqueous TETA solutions is also presented which is based on measuring the absorbance of the colored TETA copper chelate at 599 nm. The HPLC procedure is applicable to the analysis of TETA and the chemically similar polyamines spermidine and spermine in admixture.