RESUMO
Trochleitis is a very rare form of inflammation that occurs in the trochlear region. It is characterized by periorbital pain, diplopia, blurred vision, frontal headache, trochlear tenderness, and radiologic signs of inflammation. We report a case of an 18-year-old man who experienced unilateral eye pain, double vision, and tenderness when looking upward. Initially, his pain was misdiagnosed as migraine for more than two months. The patient did not show improvement with NSAID treatment, leading to successful treatment with a steroidal injection. Although rare, healthcare providers should maintain a high index of suspicion to avoid misdiagnosis of this type of eye pain.
RESUMO
Unilateral corectopia is an exceedingly rare congenital defect where the pupil is displaced from its central position. Usually, it presents with normal visual aperture or associated with other diseases. We describe the first reported case of a left ectopic pupil in a healthy four-year-old boy with normal lens structure and total lack of visual aperture. Reporting such instances contributes to the understanding of this condition and guide future research endeavors. Further studies are needed to reveal the underlying pathophysiology, refine treatment approaches, and assess long-term outcomes.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We have previously shown that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) promotes the ovarian cancer metastatic cascade. In this study, we evaluated the role of LPA on endometrial cancer invasion. METHODS: Transient mRNA knockdown was accomplished using pre-designed siRNA duplexes against LPA receptor 2 (LPA2) and human matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7). RT-PCR was used to characterize LPA receptor and MMP-7 expression. Analysis of in vitro invasion was performed with rat-tail collagen type I coated Boyden chambers. Gelatin zymography was used to evaluate the MMP activity in cell culture conditioned media. Cell-cell and cell-matrix attachment was also assessed upon LPA2 knockdown to further illuminate the LPA2 cascade. RESULTS: LPA increases HEC1A cellular invasion at physiologic concentrations (0.1-1 muM). Of the four principle LPA receptors, LPA2 is predominantly expressed by HEC1A cells. Transient transfection of LPA2 siRNA reduced LPA2 mRNA expression in HEC1A cells by 93% (P<0.01). Silencing LPA2 eliminated the LPA-stimulated increase in invasion (P<0.05) and reduced LPA-induced MMP-7 secretion/activation, without significantly affecting cell-cell or cell-matrix adhesion. Silencing MMP-7 reduced overall invasion but did not eliminate LPA's pro-invasive effect on HEC1A cells, as compared to negative control (P<0.05). Gelatin zymography confirmed that LPA2 and MMP-7 knockdown reduced MMP-7 activation in HEC1A conditioned media. CONCLUSION: LPA2 mediates LPA-stimulated HEC1A invasion and the subsequent activation of MMP-7.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Endométrio/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Endométrio/patologia , Lisofosfolipídeos/farmacologia , Receptores de Ácidos Lisofosfatídicos/metabolismo , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Adesão Celular/fisiologia , Comunicação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Comunicação Celular/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias do Endométrio/genética , Ativação Enzimática , Matriz Extracelular/patologia , Feminino , Inativação Gênica , Humanos , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 7 da Matriz/metabolismo , Invasividade Neoplásica , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Receptores de Ácidos Lisofosfatídicos/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Ácidos Lisofosfatídicos/genética , TransfecçãoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of limbal-conjunctival autograft surgery with stem cells in the management of primary and recurrent pterygium and determine the best corrected visual acuity after surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surgical excision of pterygium and limbal-conjunctival transplantation with stem cells was of 40 eyes (of 31 patients) with pterygium. Thirty one cases were primary and nine cases were recurrent pterygia. Graft margins were secured to the recipient site while stem cells aspect was sutured to the limbus. RESULTS: After one year of follow-up, 37 of 40 (92.5%) eyes were free of recurrence. One of the three recurrent cases was aggressive (recurrence occurred two months after surgery) and the other two showed 2 mm corneal extension at 12 months follow-up. In 24 patients, out of 40 (60%), best corrected visual acuity improved more than two lines. CONCLUSION: Limbal-conjunctival autograft surgery, including stem cells, appears to be an effective surgical technique in preventing pterygium recurrence and it can also help in improving the best corrected visual acuity.