May Measurement Month 2019: analysis of blood pressure screening in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.

High blood pressure (BP) is one of the leading causes of death in Kyrgyzstan. The world's largest event in the field of increasing awareness of raised BP is the May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign. Kyrgyzstan joined MMM in 2019. The inclusion criteria for participants in the study were: age ≥18 years and providing informed consent. Hypertension was defined as the presence of systolic BP ≥140 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg based on the mean of the second and third of three sitting BP measurements or on treatment for hypertension. Most of the participants (96.9%) were surveyed inside two large shopping malls of Bishkek. The total number of people who took part in the screening was 2013. The mean age was 38.8 (± 12.6) years, and 1006 were women (50.0%) and 1007 men (50.0%). One-hundred eighty-four participants had hypertension (9.1%), of whom 59 (32.0%) were aware of their diagnosis, and hypertension was controlled in 25 participants (13.7%). The mean BMI was 24.0 (± 4.1) kg/m2, 34 (1.7%) participants had diabetes mellitus, 12 (0.6%) had a history of myocardial infarction, 4 (0.2%) had a history of stroke, 314 (15.6%) were smokers. 41 (2.0%) drank alcohol 1-3 times a month, 46 (2.3%)-once per week. MMM screening allows us to gather up-to-date data on the prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension among volunteer screenees in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.

Association between the intima-media thickness of the extracranial carotid arteries and metabolic syndrome in ethnic Kyrgyzs.

BACKGROUND: It is known that atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to study the correlation between components of metabolic syndrome (MS) and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in a group of ethnic Kyrgyzs. METHODS: In а descriptive study we assessed 144 ethnic Kyrgyzs (69 males, 75 females) aged 36-73 years (average age 51.03 ± 8.2). All participants underwent a clinical investigation and an anthropometric evaluation (weight, height, waist circumference (WC)). Abdominal obesity (АО) was confirmed at WC ≥ 94 cm in males and ≥ 88 cm in females. Fasting plasma glucose and lipid spectrum tests were performed. An ultrasound assessment of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was performed using a 7.5 MHz transducer (Phillips-SD 800). RESULTS: MS was revealed in 61 (42.4%; 47.8% in men and 37.3% in women) of the investigated patients. IMT was significantly increased with the presence of MS components in males (no components vs 2 components of MS: 0.67 ± 0.007 and 0.81 ± 0.009 respectively; р < 0.05) and females (no components vs 3 components of MS: 0.63 ± 0.007 and 0.76 ± 0.01 respectively; р < 0.01). IMT trended towards an increase in the presence of a greater number of MS components in patients with and without AO (р < 0.01). In order to identify independent factors affecting IMT we carried out a multifactorial logistic regression analysis. Arterial hypertension was found to have the greatest influence on the development of MS (OR = 3.81, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: In the group of ethnic Kyrgyzs, a greater number of MS components, with AO or without AO, is associated with higher carotid IMT.

Association of leptin receptor gene Gln223Arg polymorphism with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Introduction: Worldwide, there has been an increase in the incidence of metabolic syndrome. The search for genetic markers of this syndrome is ongoing. The leptin receptor has recently received attention. One of the polymorphisms (Gln223Arg) is possibly associated with the development of obesity and insulin resistance. However, the results of studies on this polymorphism remain equivocal. Gln223Arg polymorphism has not been studied previously in the Kyrgyz population. Thus, we aimed to investigate the possible association of the Gln223Arg polymorphism of the leptin receptor gene with metabolic syndrome components in the Kyrgyz population. Material and methods: 237 Kyrgyz subjects, aged 35-70 years, were studied. For the analysis anthropometric data, glucose, insulin, lipid spectrum, leptin were obtained. The genotype of the Gln223Arg leptin polymorphism was evaluated using TaqMan real-time PCR. Results: The distribution of genotypes was as follows: Gln223Gln 46.4%, Gln223Arg 40.1%, Arg223Arg 13.5%. In the study no association was found with abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia or low-density cholesterol levels. Relationships of Gln223Arg and Arg223Arg genotypes with insulin resistance (p < 0.03) were found. Gln223Arg polymorphism was associated with a higher level of glycemia (5.54 vs. 5.39 mmol/l, p < 0.05) and insulinemia (8.3 vs. 7.1 µIU/ml, p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that carriers of the Arg223 allele demonstrated a higher risk of insulin resistance (odds ratio (OR) = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.03-3.24; p < 0.03) than carriers of the Gln223 allele. Conclusions: Gln223Arg polymorphism of the leptin receptor gene may be a marker of predisposition to insulin resistance in the Kyrgyz population. Further studies are necessary to confirm these results in populations from other regions.