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1.
Int J Phytoremediation ; 26(7): 1133-1143, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38140944

RESUMO

This study focused on assessing the effectiveness of vertical subsurface constructed wetlands (VSFCW) in purifying integrated poultry and aquaculture wastewater (PAW) in a tropical region. This evaluation encompassed the treatment of physico-chemical, heavy metal, and microbiological pollutants across three distinct climatic seasons and hydraulic retention time (HRT: 21 days). Parameters such as BOD (29.50 mg/L), COD (56.67 mg/L), Zn (2.97 mg/L), Cr (0.24 mg/L), Cu (1.78 mg/L), Pb (0.21 mg/L), total fecal coliform (866.67 cfu/mL), total coliform (1666.67 cfu/mL), E. coli (1133.33 cfu/mL), and Salmonella/Shigella (700 cfu/mL) exceeded the discharge limits for wastewater into nearby surface water bodies. Significant removal efficiencies were observed for all parameters tested in the CW planted with both Phragmites karka and Typha latifolia. The macrophytes showed similar removal efficiencies for all tested parameters, and there was no significant difference in the initial concentrations of the parameters based on the experimental season, except for microbial properties. This suggests that weather conditions did not significantly impact the concentration of physical and chemical properties in the wastewater. Consequently, this study successfully demonstrates the potential of using a VSFCW for effective treatment of PAW.


Leveraging the power of nature's green allies, Phragmites karka and Typha latifolia, a Sub-surface Constructed Wetland becomes a dynamic and efficient solution. This innovative strategy not only effectively addresses the wastewater challenge but also promotes sustainability and ecological balance. By harnessing the extraordinary capabilities of these wetland plants, the integrated system showcases its potential to transform waste into a valuable resource while minimizing the environmental footprint. In a world that demands sustainable solutions, this pioneering approach paves the way for a greener future in wastewater treatment for Integrated Poultry and Aquaculture industries.


Assuntos
Aquicultura , Biodegradação Ambiental , Poaceae , Aves Domésticas , Typhaceae , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos , Águas Residuárias , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Áreas Alagadas , Typhaceae/metabolismo , Animais , Poaceae/metabolismo , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Poluentes Químicos da Água/metabolismo , Metais Pesados/metabolismo
2.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J ; 60(2): 133-141, 2023 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34787018

RESUMO

This study reviews the craniofacial clefts that presented at a Nigerian tertiary health facility, highlighting our experience with the pattern of presentation and surgical care of these patients.A retrospective review of the smile train database and medical records of all individuals who had been diagnosed with any of the Tessier craniofacial clefts and managed between 1st January 2007 and 31st December 2020 was done. The data were presented as numbers and percentages of cases.The cleft clinic of a tertiary health facility and a major cleft referral center in South-West Nigeria.Forty-five patients with craniofacial clefts were managed over the study period. 15.6% had associated syndromes, 2.2% had a family history of similar craniofacial cleft and 11% had a history of a possible teratogen. There were 21 (46.7%) middle clefts, 14(31.1%) lateral clefts and 10(22.2%) oblique clefts. The most common type of cleft was Tessier 0 while the Tessier 6 was the least common type. The median age at surgery was 10 months for male and 5months for female subjects, 15.3% complication rate was found in this study. Four patients had revision surgeries to correct residual deformities in this study.The diverse presentations and occurrence of the rare craniofacial clefts present complex aesthetic and functional problems that require individualized often multidisciplinary care. The execution of a properly planned treatment will reduce complications and the need for revision surgeries.


Assuntos
Fenda Labial , Fissura Palatina , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Fenda Labial/cirurgia , Fissura Palatina/cirurgia , Estética Dentária , Instalações de Saúde , Expressão Facial
3.
Environ Monit Assess ; 194(8): 565, 2022 Jul 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35788429

RESUMO

To a large extent, public health can be prevented from being compromised by having access to potable water whose physicochemical fingerprints conform to the WHO Guidelines for drinking water. This study was carried out to assess the physicochemical properties and heavy metals speciation of groundwater in Nigeria. Water samples from thirteen sites were collected for three months and analysed for levels of pH, conductivity, nitrate, sulphate, phosphate, and heavy metals using standard methods. The results of the analysis revealed that the respective mean temperature, conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids, and oxygen reduction potential of Ifetedo sites were 27.57 ± 0.66 °C, 318.93 ± 108.58 µS/cm, 5.29 ± 0.20, 207.40 ± 73.58 mg/L, and 265.17 ± 11.29 mV, while those of Garage Olode were 28.53 °C, 275.04 ± 133.75 µS/cm, 5.23 ± 0.04, 177.66 ± 89.37 mg/L, and 270.43 ± 37.75 mV. Total mean levels (µg/mL) of heavy metals ranged from 0.04 ± 0.01 Cd to 26.21 ± 3.63 Mn at Ifetedo, while at Garage Olode, the range was between 0.02 ± 0.00 Cd and 14.49 ± 5.70 Mn. The respective ranges of mean values (µg/mL) of exchangeable metals were 0.01 ± 0.00 Cd to 10.64 ± 1.20 Mn and 0.01 ± 0.00 to 7.53 ± 2.57 Mn at Ifetedo and Garage Olode. Going by WHO provision for drinking water, the study concluded that the levels of heavy metals in the potable water samples could constitute serious health hazards over prolonged usage unless some water treatment protocols are adopted.


Assuntos
Água Potável , Água Subterrânea , Metais Pesados , Cádmio , Monitoramento Ambiental , Nigéria
4.
West Afr J Med ; 39(5): 478-485, 2022 May 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35633627

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CLP) is a prevalent condition with a multifactorial etiology. An understanding of its etiologic factors discourages harmful habits and promotes societal acceptability. OBJECTIVES: To assess the knowledge of environmental and genetic risk factors of CLP and determine its effect on predisposing social habits in a suburban community in Nigeria. METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Ifo Local Government Area (LGA), Ogun state, Nigeria. Participants were adult residents of Ifo L.G.A. Knowledge of CLP categorized into description, environmental risk factors and genetic factors were assessed using a well structured interviewer administered questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 300 adults (104 males; 196 females) aged 44.3 + 13.17 years with predominantly secondary level education participated in the study. Majority of participants (89.7%) had low overall knowledge of CLP including low knowledge on description of CLP (81.7%), environmental factors of CLP (81.3%), and genetic factors of CLP (93.7%). High level of education was significantly associated with increased knowledge on description of CLP (P < 0.05). No other significant association was noted between sociodemographic factors and knowledge of CLP. Decreased smoking history was associated with high knowledge on description of CLP (P = 0.043). CONCLUSION: Majority of the population had low knowledge of CLP which was to an extent influenced by their lack of high level of education. This low knowledge was significantly associated with increased practices of social habits such as cigarette smoking that predispose unborn children to CLP. The low knowledge of CLP shown in this study highlights the need for increased community education and health promotion to encourage avoidance of risk factors that predispose to the condition and promote societal acceptability and quest for treatment of the condition.


CONTEXTE: La fente labiale et/ou la fente palatine (CLP) sont répandues condition avec une étiologie multifactorielle. Une compréhension de son les facteurs étiologiques découragent les habitudes néfastes et favorisent la société acceptabilité. OBJECTIFS: Évaluer la connaissance de l'environnement et de la génétique facteurs de risque de CLP et déterminer son effet sur les réseaux sociaux prédisposants habitudes dans une communauté de banlieue au Nigeria. MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale descriptive menée à Ifo Local Government Area (LGA), État d'Ogun, Nigéria. Participants étaient des résidents adultes d'Ifo L.G.A. Connaissance du CLP catégorisée dans la description, les facteurs de risque environnement aux et les facteurs génétiques étaient évalué à l'aide d'un intervieweur bien structuré administré questionnaire. RÉSULTATS: Un total de 300 adultes (104 hommes; 196 femmes) âgés de 44,3 ans+ 13,17 ans avec un enseignement principalement secondaire ont participé à l'étude. La majorité des participants (89,7%) avaient un faible taux connaissance globale du CLP, y compris faible connaissance de la description de CLP (81,7%), facteurs environnement aux de CLP (81,3%) et génétique(93,7 %). Le niveau d'éducation élevé était significatif associé à une connaissance accrue de la description du CLP (P <0.05). Aucune autre association significative n'a été notée entre les facteurs sociodémographiques et la connaissance de la CLP. Diminution du tabagisme l'histoire était associée à une grande connaissance de la description du CLP (P = 0,043). CONCLUSION: La majorité de la population avait une faible connaissance du CLP qui a été dans une certaine mesure influencée par leur manque de niveau élevé de éducation. Cette faible connaissance était significativement associée àdes pratiques accrues d'habitudes sociales telles que le tabagisme qui prédisposer les enfants à naître à la CLP. La faible connaissance du CLP montrée dans cette étude souligne la nécessité d'une éducation communautaire accrue et la promotion de la santé pour encourager l'évitement des facteurs de risque qui prédisposer à la condition et promouvoir l'acceptabilité sociétale et quête de traitement de la maladie. Mots-clés: Connaissances, facteurs de risque, fente labiale et palatine, suburbaineNigéria.


Assuntos
Fenda Labial , Fissura Palatina , Adulto , Fenda Labial/etiologia , Fenda Labial/genética , Fissura Palatina/etiologia , Fissura Palatina/genética , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco
5.
Toxicol Ind Health ; 37(2): 77-89, 2021 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33308053

RESUMO

Increased production and use of different types of nanoparticles (NPs) in the last decades has led to increased environmental release of these NPs with potential detrimental effects on both the environment and public health. Information is scarce in the literature on the cytotoxic effect of co-exposure to many NPs as this concern is relatively recent. Thus, in this study, we hypothesized scenarios of cell's co-exposure to two kinds of NPs, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), to assess the potential cytotoxicity of exposure to NPs combination. Cytotoxicity of SPIONs, SLNs, and their 1:1 mixture (MIX) in six tumor and six non-tumor cell lines was investigated. The mechanisms underlining the induced cytotoxicity were studied through cell cycle analysis, detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨM). Double staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide was also used to confirm cell morphology alterations. The results showed that SPIONs induced low cytotoxicity compared to SLNs. However, the mixture of SPIONs and SLNs showed synergistic, antagonistic, and additive effects based on distinct tests such as viability assay, ROS generation, ΔΨM, and DNA damage, depending on the cell line. Apoptosis triggered by ROS and disturbances in ΔΨM are the most probable related mechanisms of action. As was postulated, there is possible cytotoxic interaction between the two kinds of NPs.


Assuntos
Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipídeos/toxicidade , Nanopartículas Magnéticas de Óxido de Ferro/toxicidade , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Férricos/toxicidade , Humanos , Camundongos , Nanopartículas/toxicidade
6.
Epidemiol Infect ; 148: e166, 2020 08 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32753078

RESUMO

Following the importation of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) into Nigeria on 27 February 2020 and then the outbreak, the question is: How do we anticipate the progression of the ongoing epidemic following all the intervention measures put in place? This kind of question is appropriate for public health responses and it will depend on the early estimates of the key epidemiological parameters of the virus in a defined population.In this study, we combined a likelihood-based method using a Bayesian framework and compartmental model of the epidemic of COVID-19 in Nigeria to estimate the effective reproduction number (R(t)) and basic reproduction number (R0) - this also enables us to estimate the initial daily transmission rate (ß0). We further estimate the reported fraction of symptomatic cases. The models are applied to the NCDC data on COVID-19 symptomatic and death cases from 27 February 2020 and 7 May 2020.In this period, the effective reproduction number is estimated with a minimum value of 0.18 and a maximum value of 2.29. Most importantly, the R(t) is strictly greater than one from 13 April till 7 May 2020. The R0 is estimated to be 2.42 with credible interval: (2.37-2.47). Comparing this with the R(t) shows that control measures are working but not effective enough to keep R(t) below 1. Also, the estimated fraction of reported symptomatic cases is between 10 and 50%.Our analysis has shown evidence that the existing control measures are not enough to end the epidemic and more stringent measures are needed.


Assuntos
Número Básico de Reprodução/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Epidemias/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Prática de Saúde Pública , Teorema de Bayes , COVID-19 , Humanos , Funções Verossimilhança , Nigéria/epidemiologia
7.
Andrologia ; 52(10): e13758, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32671885

RESUMO

In this study, Swiss male mice were intraperitoneally administered with titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) and their mixture (1:1) at doses between 9.38 and 75 mg/kg for 5 weeks to evaluate reproductive toxicity. Both NPs and their mixture significantly (p < .001) altered sperm motility, reduced sperm numbers and increased abnormalities, while their mixture induced more sperm abnormalities than either TiO2 NPs or ZnO NPs. Both NPs and their mixture significantly (p < .05) reduced the LH level, while ZnO NPs alone and their mixture (p < .001) increased the testosterone levels at tested doses. The testes of exposed mice showed pathological changes and altered histomorphometrics. TiO2 NPs and ZnO NPs individually induced a significant (p < .01) reduction in SOD and CAT activities, while the mixture significantly (p < .001) decreased CAT activity and increased SOD activity. TiO2 NPs alone at 9.38 mg/kg induced a significant (p < .001) reduction in the GSH level, while both NPs and their mixture increased the MDA level significantly (p < .05). The data showed that the mixture had a synergistic interaction to induce testicular damage. Overall, oxidative stress may be involved in the NP-mediated testicular damage observed.


Assuntos
Nanopartículas Metálicas , Nanopartículas , Óxido de Zinco , Animais , Hormônios , Humanos , Masculino , Nanopartículas Metálicas/toxicidade , Camundongos , Estresse Oxidativo , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides , Espermatozoides , Titânio/toxicidade , Óxido de Zinco/toxicidade
8.
Toxicol Ind Health ; 36(10): 807-815, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32812516

RESUMO

The application of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in the manufacturing of consumer products has increased tremendously and with the potential to induce deleterious effects on aquatic biota. There have been reports on metal oxide NP toxicity in aquatic organisms, however, information on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of TiO2 NPs on the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, is scarce. In this study, we investigated the genotoxicity and haematotoxicity of TiO2 NPs in C. gariepinus using the micronucleus (MN) assay and haematological analysis, respectively. Juvenile C. gariepinus were exposed to 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg L-1 concentrations of TiO2 NPs for 7 and 28 days. Benzene (0.05 mL L-1) and dechlorinated tap water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Data of the MN showed a significant (p < 0.05) concentration-dependent increase in the frequency of MN at both exposure periods in comparison to negative control. Red blood cells, haematocrit, platelets and heterophils significantly reduced with an increased mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and lymphocytes at the 7-day exposure period, while in the 28-day exposure period, mean cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and lymphocytes had a significant increase in comparison with the negative control. This study indicates that TiO2 NPs induced cytogenetic and haematological alterations in C. gariepinus and is of relevance in biodiversity and aquatic health management.


Assuntos
Peixes-Gato/sangue , Aberrações Cromossômicas/induzido quimicamente , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanopartículas/toxicidade , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Titânio/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Adulto , Animais , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Nanopartículas Metálicas/toxicidade , Testes para Micronúcleos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Animais , Doenças Profissionais/induzido quimicamente , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos
9.
Niger J Clin Pract ; 23(11): 1561-1565, 2020 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33221782

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Orofacial clefts (OCs) are one of the most common craniofacial anomalies and are reported to be associated with congenital cardiovascular anomalies (CCAs). However, there is paucity of data in African populations on the risk of CCAs in OC patients compared to the general population. AIMS: This study aims to determine the odds of congenital cardiovascular anomalies in patients with OC compared to the general population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A case-control study design was used. Case subjects were non-syndromic OC subjects, while controls were non-syndromic subjects without OC. All subjects were thoroughly assessed by a pediatric cardiologist for CCAs; and grouped by OC phenotypic type (cleft lip and/or alveolus, cleft lip and palate, cleft palate only and Tessier cleft). Statistical analysis was done using STATA version 14 (College Station, Texas), and significance was placed at P value ≤0.05. RESULTS: A total of 120 subjects (60 cases and 60 controls) were enrolled in the study. In total, 23.3% of the subjects had CCAs. Among the case group, 40% had CCAs compared to 6.7% in the control group. Patent foramen ovale (18.3%) and atrial septal defects (10.0%) were the most common type of CCAs in cases, respectively. Further, cases had significantly higher odds of CCAs compared to controls (OR: 9.3; CI: 2.8, 39.4). CONCLUSIONS: Our finding reveals that the odds of CCAs are significantly higher in patients with OC than the general population. Future studies could assess the effect of CCAs on surgical outcome.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/anormalidades , Doenças Cardiovasculares/congênito , Fenda Labial/epidemiologia , Fissura Palatina/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Pré-Escolar , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Nigéria/epidemiologia
10.
Reumatologia ; 56(3): 155-163, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30042603

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To assess the levels of state and trait anxiety and determine their relationships with perceived social support among Nigerian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 50 patients satisfying the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for RA was conducted. Anxiety was assessed using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), perceived social support by the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL), health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by the Medical Outcome Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and disability by the Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI). RESULTS: The mean state anxiety (STAI-S), trait anxiety (STAI-T) and ISEL scores among the patients were 35.2 ±10.2, 36.7 ±8.8 and 87.2 ±21.2 respectively. Pathological degrees of state and trait anxiety were found among 7 (14%) and 5 (10.4%) patients respectively. There was a negative correlation between the STAI-T score and the ISEL score (r = -0.362, p = 0.011). However, the correlation between STAI-S and ISEL was not statistically significant (r = -0.193, p = 0.179). A moderate-to-high correlation was found between each of STAI-S and STAI-T and all subscales and component summaries of the SF-36. ISEL score correlated significantly with role emotional (r = 0.377, p = 0.008), mental health (r = 0.482, p ≤ 0.001) and bodily pain (r = 0.320, p = 0.025) domains and the mental component summary (r = 0.380, p = 0.007) of SF-36. HAQ-DI correlated strongly with both STAI-S (r = 0.735, p ≤ 0.001) and STAI-T (r = 0.575, p ≤ 0.001) but not with ISEL. CONCLUSIONS: State and trait anxiety correlate negatively with all aspects of HRQoL and disability, and there is a notable relationship between perceived social support and trait anxiety as well as the mental aspect of HRQoL.

12.
Niger Postgrad Med J ; 24(4): 236-239, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29355163

RESUMO

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to compare the prostate cancer detection rates of sextant and extended transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study of 96 patients investigated for prostate cancer. An extended 10-aspiration TRUS-guided FNAB using a 22G Echotip Chiba needle was performed. Inclusion criteria included the presence of one or more of the following: Abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) findings, persistently elevated prostate specific antigen, and abnormal prostatic imaging. A set of traditional sextant aspirations were carried out as well as four laterally guided aspirations taken from the middle base of the peripheral zone on either side. The cancer detection rates of sextant and extended (combination of sextant and lateral) FNAB protocols were determined and compared. The value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The overall cancer detection rate was 24%. Benign cases were reported in 71.8% of patients and 4.2% reported as suspicious. Of the 23 patients' aspirations positive for malignancy, 16 (69.6%) were detectable by the sextant protocol while the lateral protocol detected 21 (91.3%). Two cancers were detected by the sextant protocol only (where the lateral technique was negative for malignancy), 7 cancers were detected by the lateral protocol only while 14 cancers were positive in both the sextant and lateral protocols. The extended protocol showed a statistically significant 30.4% increase in cancer detection over the traditional sextant (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: The extended protocol rather than the sextant protocol should be offered to patients who require FNAB of the prostate as the optimum FNAB protocol.


Assuntos
Biópsia por Agulha Fina/métodos , Exame Retal Digital/métodos , Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Protocolos Clínicos , Humanos , Masculino , Gradação de Tumores/métodos , Nigéria , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Neoplasias da Próstata/sangue
13.
Malar J ; 15(1): 565, 2016 Nov 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27876039

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Knowing the extent and spread of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is vital to successfully manage insecticide resistance in Africa. This information in the main malaria vector, Anopheles funestus sensu stricto, is completely lacking in the most populous country in Africa, Nigeria. This study reports the insecticide susceptibility status and the molecular basis of resistance of An. funestus as well as its involvement in malaria transmission in Akaka-Remo, a farm settlement village in southwest Nigeria. RESULTS: Plasmodium infection analysis using TaqMan protocol coupled with a nested PCR revealed an infection rate of 8% in An. funestus s.s. from Akaka-Remo. WHO susceptibility tests showed this species has developed multiple resistance to insecticides in the study area. Anopheles funestus s.s. population in Akaka-Remo is highly resistant to organochlorines: dieldrin (8%) and DDT (10%). Resistance was also observed against pyrethroids: permethrin (68%) and deltamethrin (87%), and the carbamate bendiocarb (84%). Mortality rate with DDT slightly increased (from 10 to 30%, n = 45) after PBO pre-exposure indicating that cytochrome P450s play little role in DDT resistance while high mortalities were recorded after PBO pre-exposure with permethrin (from 68 to 100%, n = 70) and dieldrin (from 8 to 100%, n = 48) suggesting the implication of P450s in the observed permethrin and dieldrin resistance. High frequencies of resistant allele, 119F in F0 (77%) and F1 (80% in resistant and 72% in susceptible) populations with an odd ratio of 1.56 (P = 0.1859) show that L119F-GSTe2 mutation is almost fixed in the population. Genotyping of the A296S-RDL mutation in both F0 and F1 samples shows an association with dieldrin resistance with an odd ratio of 81 (P < 0.0001) (allelic frequency (R) = 76% for F0; for F1, 90 and 10% were observed in resistant and susceptible populations, respectively) as this mutation is not yet fixed in the population. CONCLUSION: The study reports multiple insecticide resistance in An. funestus from Akaka Remo. It is, therefore, necessary to pay more attention to this major malaria vector for effective malaria control in Nigeria.


Assuntos
Anopheles/efeitos dos fármacos , Anopheles/parasitologia , Resistência a Inseticidas , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Mosquitos Vetores/efeitos dos fármacos , Plasmodium/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Bioensaio , Dieldrin/farmacologia , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Proteínas de Insetos/genética , Masculino , Mutação , Nigéria , Permetrina/farmacologia , Fenilcarbamatos/farmacologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , População Rural , Análise de Sobrevida
14.
Parasitol Res ; 115(1): 299-305, 2016 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26391173

RESUMO

The use of plant to meet health-care needs has greatly increased worldwide in the recent times. The search for new plant-derived bioactive agents that can be explored for the treatment of drug-resistant malaria infection is urgently needed. Thus, we evaluated the antimalarial activity of three medicinal plants used in Nigerian folklore for the treatment of malaria infection. A modified Peter's 4-day suppressive test was used to evaluate the antimalarial activity of the plant extracts in a mouse model of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain. Animals were treated with 250, 500, or 800 mg/kg of aqueous extract. It was observed that of all the three plants studied, Markhamia tomentosa showed the highest chemosuppression of parasites of 73 % followed by Polyalthia longifolia (53 %) at day 4. All the doses tested were well tolerated. Percentage suppression of parasite growth on day 4 post-infection ranged from 1 to 73 % in mice infected with P. berghei and treated with extracts when compared with chloroquine diphosphate, the standard reference drug which had a chemosuppression of 90 %. The percentage survival of mice that received extract ranged from 0 to 60 % (increased as the dose increases to 800 mg/kg). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, and phenolic compounds in all the three plants tested.


Assuntos
Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico , Malária/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Plantas Medicinais/química , Plasmodium berghei/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antimaláricos/farmacologia , Bignoniaceae/química , Cloroquina/análogos & derivados , Cloroquina/farmacologia , Resistência a Medicamentos , Feminino , Masculino , Meliaceae/química , Camundongos , Nigéria , Parasitemia/tratamento farmacológico , Casca de Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Polyalthia/química
15.
Ecotoxicology ; 25(2): 310-9, 2016 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26589948

RESUMO

The in vivo micronucleus (MN) test, a standard test for the genotoxicity screening of xenobiotics, was used to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of landfill leachates in Clarias gariepinus, Coturnix coturnix japonica and Rattus norvegicus. These organisms were exposed to various sub-lethal concentrations (1-50%) of Olusosun and Aba Eku landfill leachates. At post exposure, peripheral erythrocytes from catfish and quail, and bone marrow cells of quail and rat were subjected to MN analysis following standard protocols. The leachates induced significant increase in MN formation and total nuclear abnormalities (NAs) in the peripheral erythrocytes of catfish and quail. NAs occurred in the order; BN > BL > LB > NT in the catfish and BN > BudN > TLN > TN in quail. There was significant increase in MN formation in the bone marrow cells of quail, and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes and micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes formation in the bone marrow of rats. The concentration dependent significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the PCE/NCE ratio in the bone marrow of the leachate treated rats suggest alterations in the bone marrow cell proliferation, leading to the suppression of immature erythrocytes (PCE). MN induction showed positive corrections with leachate concentrations in the test organisms; and it increased with exposure duration in the catfish. Indiscriminate disposal of solid waste generates leachates containing multiple xenobiotics that are capable of increasing genomic instability among vertebrates inhabiting various ecological habitats.


Assuntos
Peixes-Gato/metabolismo , Coturnix/metabolismo , Citotoxinas/toxicidade , Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Testes para Micronúcleos , Nigéria , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
16.
Niger J Med ; 24(4): 300-6, 2015.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27487605

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Nigeria has the second highest number of maternal deaths in the world.The study aimed at determining the causes of and non-obstetric contributors to maternal mortality at a tertiary referral hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a prospective audit of all consecutive maternal deaths in the hospital over a three-year period. Immediately after the death, information wvas retrieved via a data collection form. Data were analysed with SPSS-20. RESULTS: Seventy deaths were examined over the study period. Maternal mortality ratio was 1,265/100,000 live births. The annual ratio decreased steadily over the study period. Most of the deaths were of multiparous women who had not received any antenatal care, and were mostly postpartum,within 24 hours of delivery. Most of them were critically ill on admission to the hospital. Major causes of death were haemorrhage (36%), sepsis (17%) and hypertensive disorders (16%).Delays were identified in 34.3% of cases; most (70.1%) were Phase III delays. DISCUSSION: Direct causes of maternal mortality are consistent with those found in literature. Steps which the centre has been taken to counter direct and non-obstetric causes are discussed. Possible strategies to improve health financing and referral system are proffered.


Assuntos
Parto Obstétrico/mortalidade , Mortalidade Materna/tendências , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Adulto , Causas de Morte/tendências , Feminino , Humanos , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Hemorragia Pós-Parto/mortalidade , Pré-Eclâmpsia/mortalidade , Gravidez , Cuidado Pré-Natal/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Infecção Puerperal/mortalidade , Sepse/mortalidade
17.
BMJ Case Rep ; 17(7)2024 Jul 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39038875

RESUMO

This patient is an infant with Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) who was diagnosed at 2 months of age. He was born by caesarean section with a low birth weight (LBW) of 2.1 kg and was small for gestational age. His para 1+1 (1 alive) mother in her mid-30s had intrauterine growth restriction during pregnancy. On examination at birth, he appeared phenotypically normal, but at 2 weeks old, he had subtle phenotypic features of WBS of fused filtrum, ulnar deviation of fingers and wide anterior fontanelle, a systolic murmur and mild gaseous distension of the abdomen.All neonatal reflexes were normal. The author saw this patient at 6 months of age at the well-baby clinic for his 6-month vaccinations during which examination revealed periorbital fullness. Investigations including chromosomal microarray analysis confirmed the diagnosis of WBS. Laboratory tests were essentially normal except for raised creatinine, chloride and liver aspartate transaminase and viral serology that showed reactive cytomegalovirus antibody IgG, rubella antibody IgG, toxoplasma IgG and positive herpes simplex virus type 1 IgG. Echocardiography revealed mild pulmonary artery stenosis. ECG revealed right ventricular hypertrophy. Abdominal ultrasonography was normal and so was cranial sonography. This is a unique case of early diagnosis of WBS in an infant with atypical chromosome 7 deletion in Qatar, Middle East. The patient is undergoing further multidisciplinary follow-up.


Assuntos
Deleção Cromossômica , Cromossomos Humanos Par 7 , Síndrome de Williams , Humanos , Síndrome de Williams/genética , Síndrome de Williams/diagnóstico , Cromossomos Humanos Par 7/genética , Masculino , Lactente , Recém-Nascido
18.
Chemosphere ; 363: 142838, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39002650

RESUMO

Environmental pollution by solid waste leachate is a serious environmental and public health concern. Leachate contamination and pollution of environmental matrices have been reported, but no report of embryotoxic and developmental defects, and heritable transfer of leachate-induced toxicity in mice. We investigated the ability of Aba-Eku landfill leachate to induce embryonic malformations, developmental toxicity, and germline and somatic DNA damage in the F1 of exposed pregnant mice. Pregnant mice (n = 100) were randomly distributed into 5 experimental groups of 20 animals/group and exposed to 0.2 mL of 5-75% concentrations of the leachate (v/v; Aba-Eku landfill leachate: distilled water) by daily gavage from gestational day (GD) zero to postnatal day (PND) 21. A similar treatment was given to pregnant female mice administered with distilled water (negative control). At GD 18, ten dams from the treatment and control groups were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after which the embryos were collected from the uterus for analyses of fetal morphometric and skeletal metamers respectively. We then monitored the developmental conditions of F1 mice from the remaining ten dams until they were weaned at PND 21 and sacrificed at PND 56 and PND 98 for bone marrow micronucleus and spermiogram analyses respectively. We also analyzed the leachate for inorganic and organic pollutants and calculated the Leachate Pollution Index (LPI). The leachate reduced maternal and fetal birth weight and increased fetal mortality and postnatal appearance of physiological markers in the F1 mice. There was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the frequency of fetal skeletal malformations, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, and apparent decline of epididymal sperm parameters. The concentrations of the inorganic and organic pollutants, and the LPI exceeded standard limits. Exposure of pregnant female mice to Aba-Eku landfill leachate caused embryonic defects and heritable DNA damage in subsequent generations.


Assuntos
Anormalidades Induzidas por Medicamentos , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Instalações de Eliminação de Resíduos , Poluentes Ambientais/análise , Poluentes Ambientais/toxicidade , Teratogênicos/análise , Teratogênicos/toxicidade , Animais , Camundongos , Feminino , Eliminação de Resíduos/métodos
19.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 14310, 2024 Jun 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38906961

RESUMO

This study explores the utilization of eight readily available agricultural waste varieties in Nigeria-sugarcane bagasse, corn husk, corn cob, wheat husk, melina, acacia, mahogany, and ironwood sawdust-as potential sources of cellulose. Gravimetric analysis was employed to assess the cellulose content of these wastes, following which two selected wastes were combined based on their cellulose content and abundance to serve as the raw material for the extraction process. Response Surface Methodology, including Box-Behnken design, was applied to enhance control over variables, establish an optimal starting point, and determine the most favorable reaction conditions. The cellulose extracted under various conditions was comprehensively examined for content, structure, extent of crystallinity, and morphological properties. Characterization techniques such as X-ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were employed for detailed analysis. Compositional analysis revealed sugarcane bagasse and corn cob to possess the highest cellulose content, at 41 ± 0.41% and 40 ± 0.32% respectively, with FTIR analysis confirming relatively low C=C bond intensity in these samples. RSM optimization indicated a potential 46% isolated yield from a hybrid composition of sugarcane bagasse and corn cob at NaOH concentration of 2%, temperature of 45 °C, and 10 ml of 38% H2O2. However, FTIR analyses revealed the persistence of non-cellulosic materials in this sample. Further analysis demonstrated that cellulose isolated at NaOH concentration of 10%, temperature of 70 °C, and 20 ml of 38% H2O2 was of high purity, with a yield of 42%. Numerical optimization within this extraction condition range predicted a yield of 45.6% at NaOH concentration of 5%, temperature of 45 °C, and 20 ml of 38% H2O2. Model validation confirmed an actual yield of 43.9% at this condition, aligning closely with the predicted value. These findings underscore the significant potential of combinning and utilizing agricultural wastes as a valuable source of cellulose, paving the way for sustainable and resource-efficient practices in various industrial applications.

20.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 3055, 2024 Feb 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38321216

RESUMO

The functional properties of engine mounts largely depend on the rubber compound formulation. This study proposes the use of rice husk-derived silica (RHS) blended with carbon black (N772) as an effective and environmentally friendly substitute for fillers used in rubber engine mounts (REMs). CV-60 natural rubber was filled with the blended fillers at various ratios, and their compatibility for use as rubber engine mounts (REMs) was assessed. Grey Relational Analysis was utilised to determine the optimal blend loading levels for use in rubber engine mounts, resulting in 40 phr of N772 and 20 phr of RHS cured at 130 °C and 2.5 MPa for 20 min. The developed REMs and conventional REMs had low vibration data variation during the performance assessment. Their resonance transmissibility was 5.03 and 3.74, corresponding to natural frequencies of 24.27 Hz and 26.94 Hz, respectively. The RHS/N772 REMs had excellent damping characteristics and lower transmissibility in the isolation zone of the vibration isolation curve, which is outside of the resonant frequency region. The efficiency curves showed that the blended fillers are a better and more effective material for REMs at all frequencies, balancing static deflection and vibration isolation.

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