RESUMO
The evolution of land flora transformed the terrestrial environment. Land plants evolved from an ancestral charophycean alga from which they inherited developmental, biochemical, and cell biological attributes. Additional biochemical and physiological adaptations to land, and a life cycle with an alternation between multicellular haploid and diploid generations that facilitated efficient dispersal of desiccation tolerant spores, evolved in the ancestral land plant. We analyzed the genome of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a member of a basal land plant lineage. Relative to charophycean algae, land plant genomes are characterized by genes encoding novel biochemical pathways, new phytohormone signaling pathways (notably auxin), expanded repertoires of signaling pathways, and increased diversity in some transcription factor families. Compared with other sequenced land plants, M. polymorpha exhibits low genetic redundancy in most regulatory pathways, with this portion of its genome resembling that predicted for the ancestral land plant. PAPERCLIP.
Assuntos
Evolução Biológica , Embriófitas/genética , Genoma de Planta , Marchantia/genética , Adaptação Biológica , Embriófitas/fisiologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Marchantia/fisiologia , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Transdução de Sinais , Transcrição GênicaRESUMO
This chapter focuses on visualization of cell cycle progression in plant tissues using the dual-color marker system "Cytrap." The Cytrap line carries a part of Arabidopsis CDT1a fused to the red fluorescent protein (RFP) gene, which monitors the cell cycle phases from S to late G2 or early mitosis, and the G2/M-specific cyclin B1 marker fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. We introduce growth conditions of Arabidopsis roots, the setup for microscopic observation, and analysis of obtained images.