Investigation of Anterior Teeth Fractures Among Students Aged Between 8 and 13 Years in Hyderabad, India.

Introduction Trauma involving anterior teeth stands as a prevalent type of dental injury among school-age children, impacting physical, psychological, and social well-being. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of fractures in anterior teeth among school children in Hyderabad and its associated risk factors. Materials and methods This research incorporated a cross-sectional analysis, involving 2046 children in the age group of 8 to 13 years from different schools in Hyderabad City. Alongside clinical evaluations, all participants completed a questionnaire regarding traumatic dental injuries.  Results Results indicated a prevalence rate of 8.5%, notably higher among younger boys. Factors such as lip competence coverage, increased overjet, and malocclusion with maxillary incisor proclination were associated with a heightened risk of such injuries. The peak incidence was observed at age 12, with fractures involving enamel and dentin being the most common type, predominantly affecting the maxillary central incisors. Conclusion The findings emphasize the significance of educational programs aimed at enhancing awareness and understanding of dental injuries among parents, students, and school staff.

Knowledge of Droplet Infection and Airborne Isolation Among Dental Students in South India: A Questionnaire Study.

Background Infections can spread within the dental clinic through many routes. Interrupting this transmission of infection within the dental office is an important part of the dental practice. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding precautions against droplet and airborne infections among dental students in South India. Methodology A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 236 undergraduate dental students in Chennai. The questionnaire consisted of 11 questions in three categories of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding airborne and droplet isolation precautions. The collected data were compiled and analyzed using SPSS version 13 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results The frequency scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding droplet and airborne isolation precautions showed that dental students were very much aware of the precautions and the guidelines. The mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice were 7.70 ± 2.48, 37.22 ± 6.98, and 7.1 ± 1.64, respectively. There were no significant differences among subgroups (third-year students, fourth-year students, and interns) regarding knowledge, attitude, and practice. A positive linear correlation was observed between knowledge and attitude, knowledge and practice, and attitude and practice (p < 0.05). Conclusions According to the results of this study, dental students had adequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and compliance. Training programs on isolation precautions are needed to sustain and update the knowledge according to the changing trends in infectious diseases.

Comparison of the IHC Markers CD138 and CD43 in Oral Leukoplakia: An Original Research.

Background: In the clinical practice, one of the most common suspicious lesions that may be potentially malignant is oral leukoplakia. Globally, the rate at which it turns malignant varies. This study examines the levels of markers CD138 and 43 in oral leukoplakia. Materials and Methods: Twenty archival blocks of confirmed epithelial dysplasia were taken from the Department of Oral Pathology. These were processed for the identification of markers CD138 and 43 through Immuno Histo Chemistry (IHC). The blocks were divided equally for both the markers. Results: There was a noticeable difference in staining intensity between dysplastic tissue and nondysplastic epithelium. However, CD138 expression was low or weak in dysplastic epithelium. CD43 expression was negative in all nonhematopoietic tissues. Conclusion: Genes that are cancer associated have been found to have incredibly different impacts in numerous tissues during the multistep process of oral carcinogenesis. In tissues undergoing dysplastic changes, CD138 expression was shown to be decreased, which could point out the malignant changes initiated in the epithelium of the oral tissues.

Systematic Reviews in Dental Research: A Bibliometric Analysis of Contribution from Indian Dentists During 1948-2022.

Aims and Objective: Although systematic reviews (SRs) are the backbone of evidence-based dentistry, they have appeared infrequently in dental literature and their importance may not be recognized by dentists. So, this study aimed to identify SRs in dental research contributed by Indian dentists to the PubMed database during 1948-2022 and describes their epidemiological and descriptive characteristics. Materials and Methods: An electronic search of the PubMed database was performed from 1948 through September 2022. SRs were considered for inclusion if they were related to oral health and published by Indian dentists as the first author. From this collection, the following characteristics of SRs were described: name of the journal, type of journal (e.g., general dentistry, specialty dentistry, non-dental), year of publication, author's affiliation, and focus of the SR. Results: The search identified 439 SRs in dentistry indexed in the PubMed database during 1948-2022. There were only 5 SRs published from 2007 to 2010 with maximum publications during the year 2021 (n = 114; 25.97%). About 32.35% of the SRs (n = 142) were published in 10 journals with the maximum contribution from the Journal of Conservative Dentistry (n = 22; 5.01%). The majority of the SRs were published in the field of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry (n = 72; 16.40%), followed by Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics (n = 63; 14.35%). Conclusion: The contribution of SRs in dental research from India is small but growing. There is a clear need to improve SRs in dental research qualitatively and quantitatively.

The marginal discrepancy of lithium disilicate onlays: Computer-aided design versus press.

AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the vertical marginal discrepancy of computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) and pressable lithium disilicate onlays. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A maxillary first premolar typodont tooth was prepared to receive lithium disilicate onlay. Mesio-occluso-distal cavity was prepared with palatal cusp reduction and collar preparation. In the proximal box, gingival seat was placed 1 mm coronal to the cementoenamel junction and mesiodistal width of the seat was kept to 1 mm. Thirty stone models were prepared from thirty rubber base impressions and divided into two groups, based on the technique of fabrication of onlays: (1) Group CL (CAD/CAM lithium disilicate) and (2) Group PL (Pressable lithium disilicate). Fifteen onlays per each group were fabricated by following the manufacturer instructions. Marginal fit of all the samples were analyzed by using stereomicroscope with Image Analysis software. Statistical analysis was done by t-test. RESULTS: Statistical significant difference was found between both the groups. The lowest marginal discrepancy (41.46 µm) was measured for Group CL (CAD/CAM lithium disilicate) specimens, and the highest (55.95 µm) discrepancy was observed on the Group PL (Pressable lithium disilicate) specimens. CONCLUSION: Although there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups, marginal gap of both the groups were in clinically acceptable levels.

The revised Declaration of Geneva, 2017, and India's contradictory legal provisions.

The World Medical Association (WMA) provides ethical guidance to physicians through its Declarations, Resolutions and Statements. WMA first adopted its resolution on physician participation in capital punishment in 1981, which then amended in 2000 and 2008. The revised Declaration of Geneva was adopted by the World Medical Association General Assembly on October 14, 2017, in Chicago. WMA reaffirmed that it is unethical for physicians to participate in capital punishment, in any way, or during any step of the execution process, including its planning and the instruction and/or training of persons to perform executions. Indian Medical Association (IMA) is signatory to all these policies and resolutions since it is a founder member of WMA. Most other national and international associations of Medical and other health professionals also forbid participation of their members in capital punishment.

Effectiveness of Various Sensory Input Methods in Dental Health Education Among Blind Children- A Comparative Study.

AIM: The aim of the study is to evaluate effectiveness of various sensory input methods in dental health education among blind children. Oral hygiene status was assessed through visible plaque index and oral hygiene knowledge was assessed through questionnaire before and after oral health education. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved of 200 blind children with the age range of 8 to 14 years of both genders from two blind schools similar in standard of teaching. The total study population (n=200) was randomized and divided into five Groups, comprising of 40 children in each Group. The first four were the experimental Groups who received dental health education through different modes, while the fifth Group served as control. Oral health related knowledge and plaque scores were assessed in all the study Groups before and after dental health education. RESULTS: After intervention, the mean knowledge scores and plaque scores were statistically significant in all the study Groups when compared to the baseline scores. CONCLUSION: The present study proved that blind children can maintain an acceptable level of oral hygiene when taught with special customized methods like multisensory approach with creative use of other senses which was found to be effective than unisensory method.