Prevalence, associated factors and consequence of problematic smartphone use among adolescents and young adults in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Problematic smartphone use (PSU) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, adolescents, and young adults are of major concern to parents. However, the prevalence and associated factors related to these issues in Bangladeshi adolescents and young adults remain unclear to the best of our knowledge. The aim of this study is to assess PSU and ADHD in the context of adolescent and young adult age groups in Bangladesh. METHODS: The present study collected data from diverse geographical locations in Bangladesh via face-to-face surveys using stratified random sampling methods. We considered age, sex, and geographic location stratification criteria. A total of 578 respondents participated in the survey initially. From this, we discarded 36 responses after screening because the information provided was insufficient or incomplete response. In the end, 542 replies were incorporated into the final analysis. PSU and ADHD depend on several factors, including the individual's demographic background. RESULTS: The prevalence of PSU and ADHD symptoms in adolescents and young adults in Bangladesh is 61.44% and 37.45%, respectively based on our findings. The symptoms of PSU are correlated with age, education level, family type (nuclear/joint), sleeping pattern, physical exercise, and residence area. ADHD symptoms are correlated with age, education level, living with family, smoking habit, physical disability, sleeping pattern, physical exercise, residence area, and PSU. Also, we observed that ADHD and PSU symptoms are positively correlated with each other. CONCLUSION: A large proportion of young adults and adolescents reported PSU and ADHD symptoms. The present findings have practical implications in clinical psychology, psychotherapy, and related policy considerations. We propose to develop an inclusive interventional strategy and community-based programs to address PSU and ADHD-related issues.

The urgent need for a policy on epidemiological data on cardiovascular diseases in Bangladesh.

Background: Disease prevention and healthcare policy choices cannot be made without epidemiology data. Since it is a growing country with rapidly increasing illness rates, this information is in great demand in Bangladesh. This is because there is a shortage of reliable and sufficient data, leading to inadequate preventive and treatment methods. Discussion: Poor health concerns and economic conditions mean that not all families can afford to provide the nutrition their members need, leading to an increase in the prevalence of many diseases. The outcome is an ever-increasing threat of cardiovascular disease (CVD) issues, the leading cause of death in Bangladesh, even though the underlying causes remain unknown. There is a strong demand for accurate information on CVD patients in Bangladesh, however, there is no effective framework for managing epidemiological data. This prevents an in-depth analysis of the nation's socioeconomic status, dietary practices, and way of life, as well as the implementation of sound healthcare policy. Conclusion: In this article, we present arguments on this important issue using the healthcare systems of the developed world and Bangladesh as examples.

Effects of temperature and polyols on the ciprofloxacin hydrochloride-mediated micellization of sodium dodecyl sulfate.

Herein, a conductivity method was engaged to explore the effects of a fluoroquinolone drug, namely ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CFH)/CFH + polyols (organic compounds with multiple hydroxyl groups (glucose and fructose)), on the aggregation phenomenon of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at different temperatures (298.15-318.15 K) while maintaining a gap of 5 K. In this study, the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the SDS/SDS + CFH mixture in water and polyols media was determined from plots of the specific conductivity versus the concentration of SDS to gain knowledge of the effects of CFH/CFH + polyols on the micelle formation behavior of SDS. The cmc value of the surfactant decreases in the presence of CFH in an aqueous medium; thus, CFH favors the micellization of SDS. The cmc values of SDS and the SDS + CFH mixture were enhanced in polyols media. The cmc values of SDS/SDS + CFH show a U-shaped behavior with temperature. The counterion dissociation (α) of the pure surfactant is higher in the presence of the drug and is further enhanced through an increase in the CFH concentration in water/polyols media. Different thermodynamic parameters, such as the Gibbs free energy of micellization , standard enthalpy , entropy , different transfer energies and enthalpy-entropy compensation parameters of micellization were determined and illustrated in detail to compare these parameters between the pure SDS and SDS + CFH mixture in polyols media. The negative values of for the SDS/SDS + CFH mixture in all cases indicate spontaneous micelle formation. The and values indicate the presence of both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions amongst the studied components.