[Aerodynamic characteristics of the human right lung bronchial tree]. / Aérodinamicheskie kharakteristiki bronkhial'nogo dereva parvogo legkogo cheloveka

A new method of studying the aerodynamical characteristics of normal right bronchial tree in 17 natural preparations is described. The authors have found that 24 to 44 per cent of the total airflow entering the right main bronchus pass through the upper lobe bronchus, 9-26 per cent through the middle lobe bronchus and 38-56 per cent through the lower lobe bronchus. The data obtained show good agreement with the volume of the corresponding lobe expressed as percentage to the total right lung volume. Bronchial tree preparations differ greatly in their carrying capacities due to their corresponding aerodynamical resistances (+50% +25%). The relationship between resistance coefficient of the bronchial tree preparations and their geometrical parameters has been found.

[Hyalinizing intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor--a rare form of diffuse lung lesions]. / Gialiniziruiushchaia vnutrisosudistaia "bronkhioloal'veoliarnaia" opukhol'--redkaia forma diffuznykh porazhenii legkikh.

A rare, badly known diffuse pulmonary lesion--multifocal hyalinizing intravascular "bronchiolo-alveolar" tumour in a woman of 22, is described. The lesion was revealed at fluorography, diagnosed by means of mediastinopleuroscopy, in lung biopsy; there were no clinical manifestations. A hyalinized compact and branching node, poor in cells, intruding at the periphery into the alveolar septa in the form of micropolyps was found histologically.

[Method of extensive mediastinoscopy in lung cancer]. / Metodika rasshirennoi mediastinoskopii pri rake legkogo.

The technic of extensive mediastinoscopy is described, which enables visualization of anatomical structures of the mediastinum and lung hilus inaccessible for an examination while using mediastinoscopy after the Carlens technic. An experience with the extensive mediastinoscopy performed in 116 lung cancer patients is reported. This kind of investigation does not increase the incidence of complications as compared with the Carlens mediastinoscopy. The mediastinoscopy was performed immediately before thoracotomy.

[Parasternal mediastinopleuroscopy in the diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of the anterior mediastinum]. / Parasternal'naia mediastinoplevroskopiia v diagnostike zlokachestvennykh novoobrazovanii perednego sredosteniia.

The authors suggest a clinical procedure of parasternal mediastinopleuroscopy which assures intercostal examination, instrumental palpation and biopsy of neoplasms of the anterior mediastinum without causing considerable trauma. The procedure makes it possible to assess operability and to determine optimal access for surgical removal of tumor. The procedure was used in clinic in 35 cases; in 23 of them, intervention was limited to biopsy, while 12 cases underwent radical surgery.

[Indications for mediastinoscopy in lung cancer]. / O pokazaniiakh k mediastinoskopii pri rake legkogo.

An experience with 371 mediastinoscopies in lung cancer patients is analysed. The enlargement of intrathoracic lymph nodes revealed roentgenologically or bronchoscopically is considered by the authors to be the basic indication to mediastinoscopy. Among 270 such patients the positive result of mediastinoscopy was noted in 128 (47.3%). Among the remaining 101 patients, in whom none of the methods concerned revealed lymph nodes enlargement, the positive results of mediastinoscopy were noted only in 3 (2.97%).

[Cavernoscopy in patients with disseminated fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Kavernoskopiia u bol'nykh s rasprostranennym fibrozno-kavernoznym tuberkulezom legkikh.

A technique of a dynamic cavernoscopy permitting one to conduct diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations for several months has been suggested. The given procedure was conducted in 36 patients with disseminated fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis. An important role in defining management tactics belongs to the direct bacteriological and histological examination of the cavern contents. Local treatment by means of antituberculous drug solution instillation was administered in 29 patients. A positive effect was registered in 26 cases. The above technique can be used for the process prognosis and the treatment modification.