The effects of desert dust storms, air pollution, and temperature on morbidity due to spontaneous abortions and toxemia of pregnancy: 5-year analysis.

Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between particulate air pollution, increased temperatures, and morbidity related to pregnancy outcomes. However, the roles of desert dust storms and climatological factors have not been fully addressed. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the association between desert dust storms, particulate matter with a diameter ≤10 µm (PM10), daily temperatures, and toxemia of pregnancy and spontaneous abortion in Gaziantep, South East Turkey. The study was conducted retrospectively at emergency department of two hospitals in Gaziantep city. Data from January 1, 2009, to March 31, 2014, were collected. Patients, who were diagnosed with toxemia of pregnancy and spontaneous abortion by radiological imaging modalities, were included in the study. Daily temperature ranges, mean temperature values, humidity, pressure, wind speed, daily PM10 levels, and records of dust storms were collected. A generalized additive regression model was designed to assess variable effects on toxemia of pregnancy and spontaneous abortion, while adjusting for possible confounding factors. Our findings demonstrated that presence of dust storms was positively associated with the toxemia of pregnancy both in outpatient admissions (OR=1.543 95% CI=1.186-2.009) and inpatient hospitalizations (OR=1.534; 95% CI=1.162-2.027). However, neither PM10 nor maximum temperature showed a marked association with spontaneous abortion or toxemia of pregnancy in our study population. Our findings suggest that desert dust storms may have an impact on the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes such as toxemia of pregnancy. Health authorities should take necessary measures to protect pregnant women against detrimental effects of these storms.

Comparison of IV dexketoprofen trometamol, fentanyl, and paracetamol in the treatment of renal colic in the ED: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of intravenous dexketoprofen trometamol, fentanyl, and paracetamol in patients presenting to the emergency department with renal colic. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Data obtained from the emergency departments of Gaziantep University's Hospital for Research and Practice along with two other state hospitals in Gaziantep, Turkey between January 2016 and January 2017 was used for this study. A total of three hundred patients (n=300), who presented to the ER with complaints most common to renal colic whose diagnoses were subsequently confirmed with Computerized Tomography were included in the study. Patients' pain scores were recorded using the Visual Analogue Scale, at admission (immediately before drug administration), then at the 15th, and 30th minutes. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for analysis. p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: At the 15th minute comparison, the efficacies of the three groups of drugs were not superior to one other, but at the 30th minute, dexketoprofen trometamol was statistically more effective than paracetamol and fentanyl. There was no statistically significant difference between fentanyl and paracetamol. The need for additional analgesia in the group receiving dexketoprofen trometamol was found to be lower. Dexketoprofen trometamol was statistically superior to the other two agents in achieving full analgesia at the end of the thirty-minute period. Fentanyl was found to be statistically significant in achieving moderate analgesia. CONCLUSION: As a Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug dexketoprofen trometamol is superior to paracetamol and fentanyl in achieving analgesia and reducing the need for additional drugs for the treatment of renal colic.

An assessment of oxidant/antioxidant status in patients with snake envenomation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant status (TAS), oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) in patients with snake envenomation and to learn more about the pathophysiology of snake envenomation. METHOD: Between May 2009 and October 2010, 47 patients were admitted to our emergency department with snake bites, and as a control group 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Serum, plasma, and erythrocyte components were prepared for all patients on admission and at the control after 1 month. Serum TOS/TAS levels were measured. RESULTS: No correlation was observed among age, gender and the levels of TAS, TOS and OSI. TAS, TOS and OSI levels were higher in snake envenomation patients upon arrival at the emergency department than in the healthy control group. Upon admission, all levels of patients with snake envenomation were higher than the control levels taken after 1 month. CONCLUSIONS: Serum TAS, TOS and OSI levels increase in snake envenomation patients. The results obtained in this study indicate that the snake bite was associated with a shift to an oxidative state, and oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of snake envenomation.

Impact of scorpion stings on electrocardiographic changes and relationship with body oxidant and antioxidant status.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate electrocardiogram changes due to scorpion stings and association between oxidative stress index, body oxidant/antioxidant system and the electrocardiogram changes. METHODS: The study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Turkey, between May 2009 and October 2010. It comprised 44 patients admitted to the emergency department for scorpion sting, and a control group of matched age and gender of 20 persons. Electrocardiograms were taken promptly in the most painful phases of the patients. Cardiac parametres were measured. Erythrocyte packages were prepared to detect toxin/antioxidant levels. SPSS 18 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the 44 patients, 22 (50%) were male. Overall average age of the patients was 45.22 +/- 17.99 years. None of the patients required intensive care and none of them had limb losses. Cardiac parametres of the patients in electrocardiogram were higher (p < 0.05). Difference between those with changed electrocardiogram and unchanged electrocardiogram in terms of the values of total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index, were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Scorpion stings associated with electrocardiogram changes. The mechanism of this relationship is not related with the status of body oxidative stress index and body oxidant and antioxidant capacity. Some parametres warrant further study in terms of potential serious arrhythmias in scorpionism.

Plasma exchange as a complementary approach to snake bite treatment: an academic emergency department's experiences.

Snake bites are leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in rural areas. Therapeutic plasma exchange has been used in the treatment of many different conditions such as immunologic diseases, toxicologic disorders, and snake envenomation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of plasma exchange treatment on clinical status, outcomes, and discharge of patients who were bitten by venomous snakes. The study was conducted retrospectively in the Emergency Department of Gaziantep University from January 2002 to December 2011. Thirty-seven patients were included in the present study. Routine biochemical and hematologic laboratory parameters were studied before and after plasma exchange. Demographic data, clinical status, and outcomes of patients were recorded. Plasma exchange was performed by using centrifugation technology via an intravenous antecubital or subclavian vein catheter access. Human albumin/fresh frozen plasma was used as replacement fluids. A significant correlation was seen between therapeutic plasma exchange and improvement of laboratory results. None of the study patients lost their limbs. Eight patients were sent to the intensive care unit. The mean length of the hospital stay was 12.2 days (4-28). All patients were discharged with good recovery. No complications were seen during the 3 months following discharge. Plasma exchange appears to be an effective treatment intervention for snake bite envenomations, especially in the management of hematologic problems and in limb preservation/salvage strategies. In addition to traditional treatment methods, plasma exchange should be considered by emergency physicians in cases of snake bite envenomation as a therapeutic approach to facilitate rapid improvement.

Role of inferior vena cava and right ventricular diameter in assessment of volume status: a comparative study: ultrasound and hypovolemia.

OBJECTIVE: Ultrasonography has been suggested as a useful noninvasive tool for the detection and follow-up for hypovolemia. Two possible sonographic markers as a surrogate for hypovolemia are the diameters of the inferior vena cava (dIVC) and the right ventricle (dRV). The goal of this study was to evaluate IVC and RV diameters and diameter changes in patients treated for hypovolemia and compare these findings with healthy volunteers. METHODS: Fifty healthy volunteers and 50 consecutive hypovolemic patients were enrolled in the study. The dIVC, both during inspiration (IVCi) and expiration (IVCe), was measured in hypovolemic patients both before and after fluid resuscitation, and they were also measured in healthy volunteers during the time they participated in the study. The dIVC, in hypovolemic patients both before and after fluid resuscitation, was measured ultrasonographically by M-mode in the subxiphoid area. The dRV was measured ultrasonographically by B-mode in the third and fourth intercostals spaces. RESULTS: The average diameters of the IVCe, IVCi, and dRV in hypovolemic patients upon arrival were significantly lower compared with healthy volunteers (P = .001). After fluid resuscitation, there was a significant increase in the mean diameters of the IVCe, IVCi, and RV in hypovolemic patients (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the dIVC and dRV are consistently low in hypovolemic subjects when compared with euvolemic subjects. Bedside serial measurements of dIVC and dRV could be a useful noninvasive tool for the detection and follow-up of patients with hypovolemia and evaluation of the response to the treatment.

Therapeutic red cell exchange for severe carbon monoxide poisoning.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Carbon monoxide (CO) is the most common cause of fatal poisoning worldwide. Therapeutic red cell exchange (TREX) has been used in the treatment of many different diseases. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of TREX on the clinical status, outcome, and discharge of patients with severe CO poisoning. METHODS: Demographic data, clinical status, and outcomes of 12 patients that were treated with TREX for severe CO poisoning after referral to the Emergency and Hematology Departments of Gaziantep University between November 2011 and April 2012 were evaluated. RESULTS: Mean carboxyhemoglobin level decreased from (59.7 ± 12.7)% (38-79%) to (17 ± 9.4)% (8-43%), and mean Glasgow Coma Scale score increased from 4 ± 1.6 (3-8) to 9.4 ± 3.5 (3-14) after TREX therapy. Five patients were admitted to the intensive care unit. Rhabdomyolysis developed in one case. Of the 12 patients, 11 were discharged alive, and one patient died. CONCLUSION: TREX may be an alternative treatment method for reducing mortality and morbidity in cases of severe CO poisoning.

Oxidant/antioxidant status in cases of snake bite.

BACKGROUND: Snake bites are an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, especially in rural areas. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate serum paraoxonase (PON), arylesterase (ARLY), ceruloplasmin (Cp), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) and total sulfhydryl group (-SH) levels in patients with snake venom poisoning. METHODS: The study included 49 patients with snake bite envenomation (Group 1) and 39 healthy volunteers as the control group (Group 2). Plasma PON, ARLY, Cp, and MPO activity and LOOH and -SH levels were measured. Laboratory measurements of 20 patients with snake bite envenomation (Group 3) were performed again after treatment. RESULTS: PON and ARLY activity and -SH levels were significantly decreased in Group 1 compared with those in Group 2. Cp and MPO activity and LOOH levels were significantly elevated in Group 1 compared with those in Group 2. PON and ARLY activity were significantly elevated in Group 3 compared with those in Group 1. Cp and MPO activity and LOOH levels were significantly decreased in Group 3 compared with those in Group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with snake bite envenomation had increased oxidants (MPO and LOOH) and decreased antioxidants (PON, ARLY, and -SH). Results obtained in this study demonstrate that snake bites are associated with a shift to oxidative status. Therapy with antioxidants can lead to an increase in the antioxidant defense system, and thus improvements in clinical symptoms.

Factors in Vaccine Refusal by Patients Applying for COVID-19 PCR Test.

Objective: This study was designed to determine the reasons for vaccine rejection in patients who applied for the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test but did not receive the vaccine. Methods: The study was conducted prospectively in the emergency department of a tertiary hospital between 31.01.2022 and 31.05.2022. 1000 patients who applied for the COVID-19 PCR test and refused to be vaccinated were included. The COVID-19 status of the participants, reasons for their application, number of PCR tests, methods of obtaining information about the vaccine, and reasons for the rejection of the vaccine were questioned. Results: 54.6% of the participants were male and 45.4% were female. 60.7% of the patients applied for testing due to symptoms, 25.4% due to contact with people with symptoms, and 23.9% due to travel. 43.3% of the cases had COVID-19 infection; 53.6% of them had tested an average of 2-5 times in the last year. Most of the information about the vaccine was taken from social media, television, medical publications, and people around, respectively. Of the participants, 62.0% believed that COVID-19 vaccines had side effects, 47.3% believed that it had no protection, and 30.9% believed that there was not enough study on the subject. As the age grew, the rate of learning information from social media increased. Conclusions: The most common reasons for COVID-19 vaccine rejection were vaccine side effects, doubtful vaccine protection, and concerns about the lack of sufficient studies on the vaccine. The higher the education level, the higher the vaccine rejection rate.

Impact of desert dust storms, PM10 levels and daily temperature on mortality and emergency department visits due to stroke.

Objective: It is known that the inhalation of air pollutants adversely affects human health. These air pollutants originated from natural sources such as desert storms or human activities including traffic, power generating, domestic heating, etc. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of desert dust storms, particulate matter ≤10 µm (PM10) and daily maximum temperature (MT) on mortality and emergency department (ED) visits due to stroke in the city of Gaziantep, Southeast Turkey. Method: The data on mortality and ED visits due to stroke were retrospectively recruited from January 1, 2009, to March 31, 2014, in Gaziantep City Centre. Results: PM10 levels did not affect ED visits or mortality due to stroke; however, MT increased both ED visits [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.002, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.001-1.003] and mortality (OR = 1.006, 95% CI = 0.997-1.014) due to stroke in women. The presence of desert storms increased ED visits due to stroke in the total population (OR = 1.219, 95% CI = 1.199-1.240), and all subgroups. It was observed that desert dust storms did not have an increasing effect on mortality. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MT and desert dust storms can induce morbidity and mortality due to stroke.

Compartment syndrome on a patient's forearm related to carbon monoxide poisoning.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, nonirritating, toxic gas produced by the incomplete oxidation of hydrocarbons. Common sources of CO include motor vehicles, house fires, furnaces/heaters, and wood-burning stoves. It is a serious health problem resulting in approximately 50,000 visits to the emergency department and is responsible for 3500 deaths annually in the United States. Besides accidental exposure, CO is also one of the leading causes of death by suicide. In the present study, we discuss compartment syndrome caused by CO poisoning in a 15-year-old boy. To our knowledge, this is the first CO poisoning case causing compartment syndrome.

Rectal bleeding due to leech bite: a case report.

We present herein a case with a four-day history of fresh rectal bleeding due to leech bite. The cause was found to be a leech in the rectum by anoscope. This pathological condition is extremely rare in urban areas. Leech endoparasitism, although rare, may cause serious, even lethal, complications. Suspicion of leech infestation should be kept in mind when faced with intermittent or severe rectal bleeding in humans, and should be investigated surgically as with all other foreign bodies. In the current study, we present a patient who admitted with rectal bleeding due to leech bite. The leech was removed by hand examination (by forceps) without requiring any surgical attempt.

Workplace Violence in Emergency Departments in Turkey.

Background Studies on workplace violence against physicians in emergency departments (EDs) in Turkey are lacking. Methods To describe the frequency and types of workplace violence, a 34-question online survey of the past 12 months was sent to physicians working in EDs in Turkey. Types of violence were categorized as verbal threats, physical assaults, confrontation, stalking, and sexual harassment. Results A total of 366 physicians completed the survey; 4 were excluded (minimum 20 hours/week). Sixty-two percent of respondents were men. Ninety-nine percent reported verbal abuse and 54% reported physical violence. Family members, not patients, were the most common perpetrators of every form of workplace violence. Hospitals limiting the number of visitors and loitering had 14% reduction in physical threats. Only 23% of respondents indicated that their hospital offered information about preventing and managing workplace violence even though 86% noted interest. Only 1% never had fear, even though 89% indicated they had security staff. Over 89% felt that hospital security was lacking in number and ability to protect. For 82%, workplace violence affected their ability to provide patient care. Ninety percent indicated that current laws do not adequately protect them. There was also no statistically significant difference in any type of workplace violence based on the timing or length of shifts, type of hospital, or number of hours worked. Of all types of violence reported, only stalking demonstrated a statistically significant difference between men and women. Conclusion Workplace violence is a real danger for physicians working in EDs in Turkey, similar to other countries, demonstrating that this problem transcends borders. Further studies should assess root causes of violent behaviors of patients and their visitors, as well as possible (administrative, social, and legal) mechanisms to minimize such violence. Hospitals that limited the number of visitors and empowered security officers were associated with decreased violence.

The effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against cholestatic liver injury in rats.

OBJECTIVES: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has been subjected to considerable investigations that have revealed its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in different conditions. But there is not a previous investigation about its effect on cholestatic liver injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CAPE in rat liver against cholestatic liver injury induced by bile duct ligation. METHODS: Swiss-albino rats were recruited in the study as follows; Group 1 rats subjected to simple laparotomy known as the sham group; Group 2 rats subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL); Group 3 bile duct ligated rats treated with CAPE. The third group received CAPE (10 micromol/kg) intraperitoneally daily throughout 14 d. RESULTS: Data showed a decrease in gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase levels (ALT) of the CAPE treated rats, compared with BDL group (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, and P < 0.02, respectively). In the CAPE treated rats, tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were significantly lower than that of the BDL group (P < 0.001). The levels of glutathione (GSH) in CAPE treated rats were significantly higher than that of BDL group (P < 0.001). In CAPE treated group, the levels of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly lower than that of BDL group (P < 0.03, P < 0.02, respectively). Administration of CAPE in the rats with biliary obstruction resulted in inhibition of necro-inflammation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that treatment of CAPE maintains antioxidant defenses, reduces oxidative liver injury, cytokine damage, and necro-inflammation in bile duct ligated rats. Thus, CAPE seems to be a promising agent for the attenuation of cholestatic liver injury.

The effects of Nigella sativa on bile duct ligation induced-liver injury in rats.

Nigella sativa (NS) has been shown to have antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities in different conditions. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of NS on cholestatic liver injury in rats. Thirty rats were recruited in the study as follows: Group 1, Bile duct ligation (BDL) (n = 10); Group 2, BDL plus NS (n = 10); and Group 3, Sham (n = 10). Bile duct ligated group received 0.2 mL kg(-1) dose of NS intraperitoneally daily throughout 14 days. Liver damage and cholestasis were determined by the biochemical and the pathologic examination. Data showed a decrease in gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities of the NS treated rats when compared with BDL group (p < 0.001 for GGT and p < 0.05 for others). The NS treated rats' tissue levels of total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were significantly lower than that of the BDL group (p < 0.01 for all). Increases in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase (CAT) levels were statistically significant in the NS treated rats compared to BDL group (p < 0.01 for both). On the other hand, administration of NS in the rats with biliary obstruction resulted in inhibition of necro-inflammation. These results indicate that NS exerts a therapeutic effect on cholestatic liver injury in bile duct ligated rats possibly through attenuation of enhanced neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress in the liver tissue.

Antioxidative status and lipid peroxidation in kidney tissue of rats fed with vitamin B(6)-deficient diet.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate lipid peroxidation (LP) and free radical scavenging enzyme activities in kidney tissue of vitamin B(6)-deficient rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The rats were divided into control and vitamin B(6)-deficient groups. After 4 weeks of feeding, animals in all groups were anesthetized by thiopental sodium (50 mg/kg). Thoraces were opened, 2 mL blood samples were taken from aortas, then the rats were killed by cervical dislocation, and kidney tissues were removed. Biochemical measurements in kidney tissue were carried out using a spectrophotometer. RESULTS: Total superoxide scavenger activity (TSSA), nonenzymatic superoxide scavenger activity (NSSA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and antioxidant potential (AOP) values in the vitamin B(6)-deficient group were significantly lower than those of the control group, whereas glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GRD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were significantly higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: The results show that vitamin B(6) deficiency causes an attenuation in antioxidant defense system and an increase in oxidative stress in kidney tissue of rats.

Prognostic value of pleural effusion, CA-125 and NT-proBNP in patients with acute decompensated heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Acute decompensated heart failure (HF) is a serious complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The CA-125 and NT-proBNP levels have been shown in some studies to predict the outcome, however, the prognostic value of other simple clinical parameters such as pleural effusion has not been established yet. AIM: To assess the prognostic value of pleural effusion regarding in-hospital and 6-month follow-up outcome in patients with acute decompensated HF and the relationship between pleural effusion and CA-125 and NT-proBNP levels. METHODS AND RESULTS: The CA-125 and NT-proBNP levels were measured at baseline and the presence of pleural effusion was examined on chest radiograms. One hundred patients were prospectively followed until the occurrence of cardiac death, defined as death from worsening HF or sudden cardiac death, or completion of follow-up period. There were 27 deaths over the course of 6 months of follow-up. An insignificant trend towards higher values of CA-125 was found in patients with pleural effusion. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that there was no relationship between pleural effusion and in-hospital outcome as well as mortality during 6-month follow-up. The CA-125 and NT-proBNP levels predicted mortality. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that only CA-125 was an independent predictor of the 6-month outcome (RR: 1.2; 1.04-1.4; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with acute decompensated HF, accompanying pleural effusion did not predict mortality or rehospitalisation during the 6-month follow-up. The increased CA-125 level was found to be an independent predictor of poor outcome, irrespective of pleural effusion.

Snakebites in adults from the Diyarbakir region in southeast Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Snake venom poisoning is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention. Bites from poisonous Turkish snakes can lead to local tissue damage and systemic symptoms. The Vipera ammodytes species accounts for the majority of envenomation in southeast Turkey. METHODS: The demographic and epidemiological characteristics, clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory findings, treatment, and outcome of 79 consecutive victims of V. ammodytes poisoning admitted to our hospital from 2003 to 2005 were reviewed and analyzed prospectively. RESULTS: The most common symptoms and signs included fang marks (100%), pain (100%), swelling (83.5%), ecchymosis (92.4%), tachycardia (24.1%), fainting or dizziness (14.5%), fever (19.0%), enlargement of regional lymph nodes (43.0%), nausea (70.9%), hypotension (21.5%), vomiting (36.7%), and dyspnea (3.2%). The main complications were thrombophlebitis, reduced range of motion, local hemorrhagic blister formation, bleeding from skin, rhabdomyolysis, reduced sensation, acute renal failure, necrosis with tissue loss, digit amputation, carpal tunnel syndrome, and compartment syndrome. CONCLUSION: A V. Ammodytes bite is a potentially serious event that requires immediate hospital care. Nevertheless, the majority of victims can be treated successfully with conservative methods. No deaths occurred in our series.

Tandir burns in and around Diyarbakir, Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Tandir is the name given to a special oven used for baking bread in the eastern and southeastern part of Anatolia. Tandir burn is a unique trauma in that it involves primarily women and young children falling into the in-ground ovens and suffering deep extensive burns. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the tandir burns occurring in the Diyarbakir region. METHODS: The records of 21 patients with tandir burn who were treated in our Burn Center between May 2003 and February 2006 were reviewed. Patients with tandir burns accounted for 2.14% of all burned patients. The mean age was 10.7 years (1hyphen;47 years). Of the patients, 71.43% were female, and 61.90% were under six years old. The mean total body surface area (TBSA) burned was 22.33% (8-75), and 71.43% of the patients had third-degree burns. RESULTS: Three patients required amputation of an extremity. Eight patients had fasciotomies, 16 eschar excision, and 5 partial thickness skin grafts. The mean hospitalization period was 16.90 days (5-34 days). Five patients (23.81%) died. CONCLUSION: Tandir burn is a severe burn with a higher morbidity and mortality.