Development and implementation of interprofessional education activity among health professions students in Jordan: A pilot investigation.

Implementing interprofessional education (IPE) in health professions curricula requires considerations of students' attitudes and readiness. Interventional studies that assess students' perceptions about IPE are needed. As IPE is an emerging concept in Jordan, our study aimed at exploring the attitudes of health profession students about IPE and collaborative practice before and after implementing an IPE activity. Students completed the validated Interprofessional Attitudes Scale (IPAS) before and after completing a 3-hour interprofessional activity. Students' attitudes toward IPE were compared using the subscales and total IPAS scores. A total of 41 health profession students attending the professional health programs of Doctor of Pharmacy, Medicine, Nursing, Nutrition, or Pharmacy completed IPAS before and after conducting the interprofessional activity. Students reported positive attitudes toward IPE prior to the activity. Significant increases were observed in IPAS scores from pre- (median [interquartile range: IQR] score = 4.19 [0.61]) to post-activity (median [IQR] = 4.48 [0.65]), and in its subscales (teamwork, roles and responsibilities, diversity and ethics, and community-centeredness). Students' experience with the IPE activity was positive and optimistic. The findings revealed for the first time the perception and readiness of health profession students toward IPE and collaborative practice in Jordan. This readiness can help draw a path for strategic integration of IPE in health profession curricula.

Post-stroke Anxiety Among Patients in Jordan: A Multihospital Study.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence, correlates, and significant associated factors of anxiety among patients with stroke. A cross-sectional, correlation design was utilized. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale was used to detect and assess the severity of anxiety and depression among mentally well patients at general hospital settings. Among the 226 patients with stroke, 45.6% had clinically significant levels of anxiety to be considered as a definite case. Having a short duration since the stroke onset, being a definite case of depression, being unable to perform self-care activities, having an insufficient monthly income, and having visual problems due to stroke were the significantly associated factors. The high prevalence of anxiety among patients with stroke highlights the need for interventions of early detection and management to enhance recovery. Patients who have any of the significant traits predicted post-stroke anxiety required special attention.

The role of organizational support and self-efficacy on work engagement among registered nurses in Jordan: A descriptive study.

AIM: The aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between work engagement and perceived organisational support and self-efficacy among registered nurses in Jordanian hospitals. BACKGROUND: Nurses constitute the backbone of the health care system. Work engagement among nurses is critical due to its various positive outcomes: it enhances job satisfaction, job performance, organisation commitment and emotional health. According to the job demand-resource model, perceived organisational support and self-efficacy increase work engagement. METHOD: A cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational design and multistage cluster sampling were implemented. A total of 186 registered nurses were recruited. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from the participants. RESULTS: Nurses showed an average level of work engagement. The dedication subscale showed the highest score among the three subscales representing work engagement. The results showed that perceived organisational support and self-efficacy were positively correlated with work engagement (p < .01). CONCLUSION: Perceived organisational support and self-efficacy correlated positively with work engagement. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: An effort should be made to provide a supportive work environment by offering training programmes, sufficient job resources and positive feedback, which, in turn, improve nurses' work attitudes, self-efficacy, perception of the work environment and intention to stay in a health organisation. This study is a descriptive study and has an IRB number 766-2019.

Nurse-nurse collaboration and performance among nurses in intensive care units.

BACKGROUND: An essential element for offering high-quality care in the intensive care units (ICUs) is the intraprofessional collaboration among nurses, which facilitates the exchange of knowledge and information and hence improves performance. More research is needed to understand the relationship between the nurse-nurse collaboration and job performance in the ICUs due to the multidimensionality of both concepts, the complexity of the ICU environment, and the lack of studies. AIM: To examine the relationship between nurse-nurse collaboration and self-perceived nurse performance among Jordanian nurses in ICUs. DESIGN: Descriptive, correlational cross-sectional design was used. METHODS: Data were collected through an online survey including the demographic questionnaire, the nurse-nurse collaboration scale, and six-dimensions scale for nursing performance. RESULTS: In total, 155 critical care nurses participated (response rate = 46.97%). Self-perceived job performance was significantly associated with gender (t = -3.189, P = .002), age (r = -0.301, P < .01), workplace (F = 28.20, P = .001), the type of ICU (F = 17.70, P = .001), and the number of assigned patients (r = 0.407, P < .01). Among all nurse-nurse collaboration subscales, only the conflict management subscale was an independent significant predictor of self-perceived nursing performance (t = 3.06, B = 3.066, P = .003). CONCLUSIONS: Effective conflict management is associated with better nurse performance, which could ultimately improve patient care in ICUs. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Conflict resolution is an important dimension of optimal nurse-nurse collaboration and has an important effect on nursing performance. Nurses and nurse managers in ICUs need to attend workshops and training programs in conflict management.

The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Nurse-Nurse Collaboration.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and nurse-nurse collaboration among registered nurses in Jordan. DESIGN: This study used a cross-sectional, quantitative survey design to query 342 nurses who worked in two hospitals in Jordan. METHODS: We used Arabic versions of valid, reliable instruments to measure emotional intelligence and nurse-nurse communication. FINDINGS: A total of 311 questionnaires were returned (91% response rate). Nurses' emotional intelligence was positively and significantly correlated with the nurse-nurse collaboration subscales. The results also indicated a statistically significant mean difference in communication subscale scores by gender and nursing unit. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that nurse-nurse collaboration is linked to benefits for nurses in terms of improved job satisfaction, better nurse retention, improved quality of patient care, and enhanced healthcare efficiency and productivity. This suggests that improving nurse-nurse collaboration may have spillover effects of benefits, not only for nurses but for patients, organizations, and the overall healthcare system. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Building an environment that encourages collaboration among nurses can greatly impact the performance of nurses and its benefit to nurses. Encouraging employees to participate in activities and to collaborate in making this an integral part of their evaluation will contribute to improving the teamwork in patient care.

Emotional intelligence and intent to stay among nurses employed in Jordanian hospitals.

AIMS: This study aimed to examine the relationship between Emotional intelligence (EI) and intent to stay and to identify their correlates among nurses. BACKGROUND: EI plays a significant role in nurses' practice, relationships, behaviours and decisions. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 280 registered nurses working in a public, a private and a university hospital in Jordan. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from the participants. RESULTS: EI was significantly correlated with nurses' intent to stay (r = .427, p < .01). Some of the nurses' socio-demographic and work-related characteristics were found to predict EI and intent to stay. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study came with a supportive knowledge about the positive impacts of EI on nurses' intent to stay. Improving both EI and intent to stay among nurses is important because it could have positive effects on organisations' decisions, policymaking process, quality of care, employee commitment and satisfaction. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurse managers should pay attention to the EI of nurses during recruitment considering various determinants of EI identified in the current study. Additionally, nurse managers might want to strengthen factors associated with more stay intent among their staff.

Relationship Between Control Over Nursing Practice and Job Satisfaction and Quality of Patient Care.

BACKGROUND: Control over nursing practice (CONP) in the work setting is associated with several positive consequences such as increased job satisfaction, support of teamwork, decreased patient mortality, and improved quality of care. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the level of perceived CONP among Jordanian registered nurses (RNs) and determine its relationship with their job satisfaction and quality of patient care. METHOD: A descriptive, cross-sectional correlational design was used. A convenience sample of 230 RNs was recruited from 4 hospitals. RESULT: The RNs had a moderate level of perceived CONP. This control was positively correlated with their work satisfaction and perception of the quality of patient care that they delivered. CONCLUSION: Nurse managers should be encouraged to take into consideration nurses' perceived CONP to improve working conditions for nurses.

The impact of emotional intelligence on conflict management styles used by jordanian nurse managers.

BACKGROUND: Emotional intelligence can help managers to effectively deal with conflicts in the workplace. However, the correlation between conflict management styles and emotional intelligence has not been fully conceptualized. AIM: To examine the impact of demographic variables and emotional intelligence on conflict management styles among nurse managers from Jordan. METHOD: A descriptive correlational design was used. A sample of 248 nurse managers completed the study. RESULTS: The integrating style was the most commonly used style among Jordanian nursing managers, while the least frequently used style was the dominating style. Conflict management styles significantly differed according to hospital type and years of experience. There were significant relationships between emotional intelligence and conflict management styles, but the direction of this relationship is not fully consistent with previous literature. CONCLUSION: Educating nursing managers about emotional intelligence may improve their abilities to manage conflicts in the workplace. However, cultural factors might have a role in determining the conflict management style used by managers. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: An analysis of the relationship between emotional intelligence and conflict management styles can assist management in initiating a tailor-training program to improve abilities to manage conflict.

Jordanian Nursing Student and Instructor Perceptions of the Clinical Learning Environment.

Background Training within clinical areas is a vital part of nursing education. In order to effectively modify and facilitate such training, it is important to understand the perceptions of nursing educators and students about what constitutes effective practices. OBJECTIVE: This study explores perceptions of Jordanian nursing students and clinical instructors related to clinical training and the learning environment. DESIGN: Interpretative phenomenological qualitative approach was used in this study. METHOD: semi-structured focus group interviews in two Jordanian Universities Results: The study identified four themes focused on the experiences of these participants. Themes were attributes of clinical training placement, attributes of clinical instructors, attributes of clinical nursing curriculum and student's attributes. The first theme had two subthemes "Structure and nature of clinical placement" and "Nurses' collaboration". CONCLUSION: The study recommendations are: nursing schools should plan students' clinical experience taking into consideration the challenges associated with these attributes.

Communication With Physicians as a Mediator in the Relationship Between the Nursing Work Environment and Select Nurse Outcomes in Jordan.

PURPOSE: To test whether communication mediated relationships among nurses' work environments and nurse outcomes of job satisfaction and intent to stay. DESIGN: This study used a cross-sectional, quantitative survey design to query 650 nurses who worked in three hospitals in Jordan. METHODS: We used Arabic versions of valid, reliable instruments measuring the nursing work environment, nurse perceptions of communication with physicians, intent to stay, and job satisfaction. Mediation analysis was used to test hypotheses. FINDINGS: A total of 582 questionnaires were returned (89.5% response rate). Nurse perceptions of communication with physicians mediated the relationship between the nursing work environment and job satisfaction in medical, surgical, and critical care units. Nurse perceptions of communication with physicians mediated the relationship between the nursing work environment and intent to stay in all but maternity and "other" units. CONCLUSIONS: Depending on the nurse outcome, communication was a significant mediator for various unit types. These results may be related to the type of work that is done in each unit and the influence of patient care. Communication is one of many mechanisms that can specify how a positive nursing work environment can contribute to nurses' job satisfaction and intent to stay. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A potential solution to the nursing shortage in Jordan emerges by identifying communication with physicians as a mediator in the relationship between the work environment and selected nurse outcomes.

An integrative review on conflict management styles among nursing professionals: implications for nursing management.

AIM: To critically appraise and synthesize empirical studies that examined conflict-management styles used by nursing professionals when dealing with conflict. BACKGROUND: Conflict is an organisational issue not new to the nursing profession. Despite the increasing research interest on this topic, no studies had been conducted to appraise and summarize evidence that examined conflict-management styles in nursing professionals. METHOD: An integrative review method was used to analyse the findings. The primary databases used to access articles published from 2000 onwards were CINAHL, Medline, Psych Info, ERIC, Embase and SCOPUS. The search words and MeSH terms included: conflict, management, nursing, nurse manager, nurse, style, and strategy. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. Integration was the most frequent style employed by nursing professionals when dealing and managing conflict, followed by accommodation. Avoiding and competing were found to be the least frequently used styles. Mixed and conflicting results were obtained when nurses' demographic variables were considered. Studies are needed to examine how organisational and interpersonal factors influence nurses' choice of style for handling conflicts. CONCLUSION: Findings demonstrated that nursing professionals used constructive/positive conflict management approaches rather than destructive/negative conflict management approaches. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: This integrative review provided up-to-date evidence that is useful when formulating interventions to equip nurses with positive conflict-management styles necessary to mitigate and manage conflict. Such interventions may include: structured training on conflict management, team building, and conflict coaching activities, continuing professional development, reflective exercises, simulation, and role playing.

Jordanian Nursing Work Environments, Intent to Stay, and Job Satisfaction.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine associations among the nursing work environment, nurse job satisfaction, and intent to stay for nurses who practice in hospitals in Jordan. DESIGN: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. METHODS: Data were collected through survey questionnaires distributed to 650 registered nurses (RNs) who worked in three hospitals in Jordan. The self-report questionnaire consisted of three instruments and demographic questions. The instruments were the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), the McCain Intent to Stay scale, and Quinn and Shepard's (1974) Global Job Satisfaction survey. Descriptive statistics were calculated for discrete measures of demographic characteristics of the study participants. Multivariate linear regression models were used to explore relationships among the nursing work environment, job satisfaction, and intent to stay, adjusting for unit type. FINDINGS: There was a positive association between nurses' job satisfaction and the nursing work environment (t = 6.42, p < .001). For each one-unit increase in the total score of the PES-NWI, nurses' average job satisfaction increased by 1.3 points, controlling for other factors. Overall, nurses employed in public hospitals were more satisfied than those working in teaching hospitals. The nursing work environment was positively associated with nurses' intent to stay (t = 4.83, p < .001). The Intent to Stay score increased by 3.6 points for every one-unit increase in the total PES-NWI score on average. The highest Intent to Stay scores were reported by nurses from public hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: The work environment was positively associated with nurses' intent to stay and job satisfaction. More attention should be paid to create positive work environments to increase job satisfaction for nurses and increase their intent to stay. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hospital and nurse managers and healthcare policymakers urgently need to create satisfactory work environments supporting nursing practice in order to increase nurses' job satisfaction and intent to stay.

Perception of Jordanian nurses regarding involvement in decision-making.

BACKGROUND: Nurses in any organizational context are members of a team and cannot work independently. Teamwork requires making decisions frequently, and these decisions affect team performance on a regular basis. Ultimately, the team shapes the quality of patient care. AIM: This study examines nurse decision-making related to patient care, self-management and the work environment. METHOD: Qualitative descriptive design was used to collect data. Eighteen staff nurses participated in semi-structured interviews to explore the perception of Jordanian staff nurses regarding their participation in decision-making. RESULTS: Variation in decision-making involvement was found to exist across unit types and from hospital to hospital. In general, the participants were not satisfied with their level of decision-making involvement and believed that they could participate more. CONCLUSION: The results have implications for nurse managers in facilitating the engagement of staff nurses in decision-making and creating an organizational culture to facilitate this engagement.

Conflict management style of Jordanian nurse managers and its relationship to staff nurses' intent to stay.

AIM: To explore the relationship between conflict management styles used by nurse managers and intent to stay of staff nurses. BACKGROUND: Nursing shortages require managers to focus on the retention of staff nurses. Understanding the relationship between conflict management styles of nurse managers and intent to stay of staff nurses is one strategy to retain nurses in the workforce. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study was carried out in Jordan. The Rahim organization conflict inventory II (ROCI II) was completed by 42 nurse managers and the intent to stay scale was completed by 320 staff nurses from four hospitals in Jordan. The anova analysis was carried out. RESULTS: An integrative style was the first choice for nurse managers and the last choice was a dominating style. The overall level of intent to stay for nurses was moderate. Nurses tend to keep their current job for 2-3 years. There was a negative relationship between the dominating style as a conflict management style and the intent to stay for nurses. CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study support the claim that leadership practices affect the staff nurses' intent to stay and the quality of care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurse managers can improve the intent to stay for staff nurses if they use the appropriate conflict management styles.

Experiencing transformation: the case of Jordanian nurse immigrating to the UK.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study explored how Jordanian nurses experienced the transition from home to host country to illuminate the elements of transformation. BACKGROUND: Much research has been conducted on topics such as the current international nursing shortage and the recruitment of nurses from various countries. International nurses have unique needs with regard to adapting to new host cultures and workplaces; furthermore, the literature has revealed little evidence of nurses' professional and personal experiences related to migration. DESIGN: A qualitative study was conducted, collecting data via individual interviews. METHODS: Twenty-five face-to-face and telephone interviews with Jordanian migrant nurses. RESULT: This study showed that living and working in a host country changes the personal, social and professional attributes of migrant nurses. When nurses migrate, they encounter opportunities and significant challenges in their professional and personal lives. Although Jordanian nurses contributed their knowledge and skills to the UK healthcare system, they encountered enormous professional adaptation demands. Work setting discrepancies between source and host country are likely a major element behind the required nursing profession alteration. nurses' lives are transformed in terms of their personal and social networks in the host country. CONCLUSIONS: Social transformation is an integral and inseparable part of engagement with professional organisation(s) in the host community. Professional integration likely has far-reaching effects and consequences involving not only the individual but also their home and host country families and their professional networks. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: To provide high-quality nursing care, we must learn about the transformation experience, expand our sense of who we are and gain a degree of control over how we perform our nursing roles when we move away from our home.

Infertile Jordanian Women's Self-Perception About Societal Violence: An Interpretative Phenomenological Study.

Background: Infertility affects one in six couples globally and is compounded by stigma and violence, particularly for women, in Jordan's culture. While existing research has illuminated societal pressures faced by infertile women, there is, yet no comprehensive understanding of the violence they encounter in their daily lives. Objective: This Interpretative Phenomenological study seeks to unravel the experiences of infertile women regarding societal violence in Jordan. By focusing on different types of community violence - physical, psychological, and emotional - The study aims to provide nuanced insights into the challenges these women confront. It also endeavors to identify contributing factors, including societal attitudes, cultural beliefs, and individual encounters, while informing policy and practice to mitigate this issue. Methods: Employing a qualitative approach, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with purposively sampled infertile women. Thematic analysis was utilized to uncover recurring patterns and themes, facilitating a comprehensive exploration of their experiences. Results: Five main themes were identified: How the surrounding people view me as an infertile woman; I am suffocated by their questions; they interfere in the smallest details; I got burned and turned to ashes, and I have no right to complain; The problem of childbearing and the treatment plan is a matter for me and my husband only; and who supports me and what do I want from those around me? Implications: This study's implications are significant for policy and practice. By foregrounding the prevalent violence faced by infertile women, it underscores the urgency of interventions. Raising awareness, providing education, and extending support can counteract societal stigma and violence. Creating a more compassionate societal fabric can ensure a safer, more inclusive environment for these women.

Receiving antenatal care via mobile clinic: Lived experiences of Jordanian mothers.

Objective: To understand the perceptions of pregnant Jordanian women who received antenatal care via mobile clinic, and to contribute new insights into the experiences of these mothers and how they evaluated the services that were available. Methods: Ten Jordanian mothers who had received antenatal care at a mobile clinic discussed their experiences in semi-structured, audiotaped interviews in a study that adopted a qualitative research design. The analysis was done using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: Three main themes were identified: Being informed about the medical campaign or missing the opportunity of being informed; The experience of receiving antenatal care was wonderful, although there was only one thing lacking; and they safeguard our life and take any opportunity to educate us. Conclusion: Data indicate that the mothers were largely satisfied with most facets of the antenatal care services they had received at the mobile clinics. However, while services are generally well received, there are clear opportunities for ameliorating the quality of services provided. For mothers living in remote, deprived areas, outreach is not just an 'optional extra' but rather an essential service.

Barriers to the use of mental health services by Syrian refugees in Jordan: a qualitative study.

Background: More than 650 000 Syrian refugees are hosted in Jordan. Refugees are at high risk of mental health problems. Aims: To explore the perspectives of Syrian refugees and their host communities and community leaders in Jordan on barriers and facilitators to the use of mental health services by Syrian refugees. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used to collect data through individual, semistructured interviews conducted between May and December 2019 in Jordan. A purposive sample was recruited from different sites. Results: Twenty-four individual interviews were conducted: 16 for the clients and 8 for the community leaders. Three themes emerged as barriers to accessing mental health services: (1) lack of awareness of mental illness and available services; (2) availability, accessibility and affordability of mental health services; and (3) stigma and social discrimination. Findings show that respondents had low mental health literacy levels. Conclusion: Policy-makers, care providers and decision-makers should take the findings of this study into consideration by facilitating the use of mental health services through awareness-raising about mental illness and the provision of services at primary health care centres. Making the service available near to the people who require it and incorporating mental health services into a broad-based community environment such as schools, primary health centres, or case management system are recommended as a common strategy that could help address refugee needs.

Quality of nursing work life, job satisfaction, and intent to leave among Jordanian nurses: A descriptive study.

Background: Nurses' intentions to leave their job are considered among the several difficulties encountered by any health system. Quality of nursing work life (QNWL) and job satisfaction are among the significant factors that impact this intention. Purpose: To explore the relationship between quality of work-life job satisfaction and the intention to leave among registered nurses (RNs) in Jordanian hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted to collect data from 200 RNs from three hospitals in Jordan to measure the main variables from July 11 to 25,2020. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 25. Results: A total of 193 RNs participated in the study and were moderately satisfied with their quality of work life and job satisfaction. QNWL correlated positively with job satisfaction (r = 0.579, p = 0.000) and negatively with intent to leave (r s = - 0.204, p-value = 0.002). Job satisfaction was negatively correlated with the intent to leave (r s = - 0.174, p-value = 0.008). Sociodemographic and work-related variables (hospital type, sex, educational level, and salary) showed significant differences and correlations with at least one of the main variables. Conclusion: This study's results can be used by health care managers and policymakers to implement successful plans and policies to improve the QNWL and job satisfaction of RNs. This, in turn, may assist in enhancing individual and organizational performance; improving home and job environments; increasing nurses' commitment and increasing nursing retention. Further research is needed to develop effective measures for enhancing QNWL and job satisfaction among RNs.