Carcinoma in situ within the bladder trigone with an isolated metastasis to the prostate without involvement of prostatic urethra: a unique case report.

BACKGROUND: Carcinoma in situ of the bladder is a high-grade cancer that originates in the superficial layer of the bladder. It has the potential to invade nearby organs, and it can spread through blood and lymphatic circulation to distant parts of the body. CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old non-smoker male presented with gross and microscopic hematuria. His family history included his father's recent bladder cancer. Initial investigations showed hematuria, inflammation, negative urine culture, digital rectal examination revealed an enlarged right lobe of the prostate, and an elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen level. Histopathological examination of samples taken from the bladder mucosa and the prostate confirmed urothelial carcinoma in situ in the bladder and prostate. Further evaluation revealed no other metastasis. The tumor was classified as T4aN0M0. The patient underwent radical cystoprostatectomy and histopathological examination showed that the tumor invading the muscularis propria of the bladder as well as the prostatic glands, but no malignancy was found in prostatic urethra and other areas. The patient was discharged three weeks post-operation and completed on adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of Gemcitabine, and Cisplatin to prevent of relapse. The patient is currently in a good healthy. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of bladder cancer metastasizing to the prostate without involving the prostatic urethra is uncommon and requires precise diagnostic techniques for accurate tumor classification. Early management is advised to enhance the prognosis for the patient.

Epidermoid cyst in the anus: A case report of an unusual location.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Epidermoid cysts are generally seen as benign skin conditions characterized by the formation of nodules that are enclosed and located just beneath the epidermal layer. CASE PRESENTATION: This report presents the case of a 32-years-old woman with a mass that has been progressively growing for 11 years, situated at the right anal verge. The mass, which was asymptomatic throughout its development, was confirmed to be an epidermoid cyst. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Epidermoid cysts commonly present without clinical symptoms. Ultrasound is increasingly being employed for the initial assessment. However, CT and MRI scans provide more detailed and specific imaging features. Histopathological analysis can aid in the identification of an epidermoid cyst. Treatment is often unnecessary for epidermoid cysts that are small and uncomplicated; however, if intervention is required, a complete surgical removal with an intact cyst wall is typically the straightforward solution. CONCLUSION: Epidermoid cysts are common and can manifest in various locations. When encountering a soft, well-defined mass in an atypical site for epidermoid cysts, it should be included in the differential diagnosis.

Severe pulmonary insufficiency caused by Fallot-type absent pulmonary valve syndrome: A rare reason for neonatal central cyanosis.

INTRODUCTION: Absent Pulmonary Valve Syndrome (APVS) is a rare birth defect where the pulmonary valve is missing or underdeveloped. APVS often occurs alongside Tetralogy of Fallot, (TOF) another heart defect. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 33-year-old woman gave birth to a male infant with severe pulmonary stenosis (PS) and a large ventricular septal defect (VSD). The infant underwent surgery to close the VSD and resect the stenotic ring. Two years later, he remained asymptomatic with a closed VSD and no pulmonary valve gradient. DISCUSSION: Despite high mortality rates, long-term survival has improved with advancements in surgical repair. This case underscores the significance of early detection and personalized surgical strategies for complex congenital heart defects. CONCLUSION: Early identification of subtle symptoms is crucial for timely intervention, while individualized surgical strategies optimize outcomes. Further research is needed to understand the complex interplay of cardiac anomalies in APVS, particularly the absence of a patent ductus arteriosus in this case.

Managing multiple hepatic hydatid cysts and a single cardiac hydatid cyst simultaneously through a single surgical entry via the abdomen: A case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Hydatid Disease, primarily caused by the larval stage of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus, represents significant health challenges, particularly in endemic regions. Hepatic cysts are more common, while cardiac involvement is rare. CASE PRESENTATION: This report presents the case of a 35-year-old woman with atypical abdominal pain persisting for several months. CT scan of the thorax and abdomen revealed multiple hydatid cysts in the liver and a single cyst in the apex of the heart. The intramyocardial cyst was asymptomatic. Albendazole was administered pre- and postoperatively. The surgical approach commenced with the hepatic cysts, accessing the area via a bilateral Kocher subcostal incision in the epigastric region. The second step involved an incision of the central diaphragm, providing clear visualization of the cardiac apex. The operation was successful and the patient was discharged without any complications. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: There are many surgical techniques described in the literature. Recently, single-stage operations have been recommended to manage multiorgan hydatid cysts; however, having two surgical incisions in one operation can still be dangerous to the patient's health. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first case that describes a surgical technique that begins in the abdominal cavity and then progresses to the thoracic cavity through the diaphragm to manage both hepatic and cardiac hydatid cysts.