RESUMO
We report the case of a 46-year-old patient, medical doctor with a relapsing unilateral CRSC-Central Serous Chorioretinopathy who was treated after an initial medical therapy (oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, oral antihistamines, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - systemic and topical), with an oral aldosterone antagonist-Eplerenone (Inspra), resulted in significant anatomic and visual improvements. Abbreviations: CRSC = Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, R.E. = right eye, L.E. = left eye, BCVA = best corrected visual acuity, RPE = retinal pigment epithelium, OCT = optical coherence tomography, FDA = food and drug administration.
Assuntos
Coriorretinopatia Serosa Central/tratamento farmacológico , Antagonistas de Receptores de Mineralocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Espironolactona/análogos & derivados , Eplerenona , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espironolactona/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Corneal avascularity is necessary for the preservation of optimal vision. The cornea maintains a dynamic balance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors that allows it to remain avascular under normal homeostatic conditions. Corneal neovascularization (NV) is a condition that can develop in response to inflammation, hypoxia, trauma, or limbal stem cell deficiency and it is a significant cause of blindness. New therapeutic options for diseases of the cornea and ocular surface are now being explored in experimental animals and clinical trials. Antibody based biologics are being tested for their ability to reduce blood and lymphatic vessel ingrowth into the cornea, and to reduce inflammation. Numerous studies have shown that biologics with specificity for VEGF A such as bevacizumab and ranibizumab (a recombinant antibody and an antibody fragment, respectively) or anti-tumor necrosis factor-α microantibody, are effective in the treatment of corneal neovascularization.
Assuntos
Terapia Biológica , Neovascularização da Córnea/terapia , Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Animais , Anticorpos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy used as adjunctive to glaucoma filtration surgery may help filtering bleb survival because vascular endothelial growth factor has an important role in the angiogenesis of new vessels and in the fibrogenesis, which lead to scar formation and bleb failure. Bevacizumab is a non-selective monoclonal antibody against all isoforms of VEGF-A. We present the case of an inflammatory glaucoma of a 67-year-old female, with uncontrolled intraocular pressure on maximal tolerable medical treatment, who underwent trabeculectomy and received 1.25 mg/0.05 ml of bevacizumab (Avastin) subconjunctivally at the end of the surgery and an additional injection one month later. Right eye intraocular pressure (IOP) was 26 mm Hg at preoperative visit and after surgery, it decreased and remained normal at each postoperative examination with no additional IOP-lowering medication. A localized avascular bleb with moderate elevation was observed six months postoperatively.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Bevacizumab/farmacologia , Bevacizumab/uso terapêutico , Túnica Conjuntiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Glaucoma/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacologia , Túnica Conjuntiva/patologia , Feminino , Glaucoma/patologia , Humanos , Neovascularização Patológica/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Bevacizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Though other VEGF inhibitors are being approved for the treatment of ophthalmological conditions, bevacizumab found its way into ophthalmology and clinical practice all around the world. The objective of this review is to present the ophthalmic dosage and administration pathways of bevacizumab in treating refractory glaucoma patients. ABBREVIATIONS: VEGF = vascular endothelial growth factor, FDA = Food and Drug Administration, AMD = age-related macular degeneration.
Assuntos
Bevacizumab/uso terapêutico , Glaucoma/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Angiogênese/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacocinética , Inibidores da Angiogênese/uso terapêutico , Bevacizumab/administração & dosagem , Bevacizumab/farmacocinética , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is associated with an array of peripheral manifestations. Our study aims to evaluate extra-articular manifestations of SpA in a Romanian academic clinical setting and to observe their associations with different disease measures. METHODS: The study was designed to note the extra-articular manifestations of SpA patients in a cross-sectional and retrospective manner. Records included demographics, inflammation markers, SpA clinical characteristics, treatment regimes, associated osteoporosis and cardiovascular morbidity. Data were assessed by using appropriate non-parametric tests. RESULTS: A total of 126 SpA patients were included. The most common extra-articular manifestations were skin involvement in the form of psoriasis (34.1%), eye involvement in the form of acute anterior uveitis (8.7%) and dactylitis (7.2%). Compared to patients with no record of uveitis, uveitis-affected cases were more frequently males, more frequently diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis, but less frequently dyslipidemic and diagnosed with psoriasis. Psoriasis-affected patients were older and had a higher prevalence of peripheral SpA diagnosis, but a lower prevalence of radiographic sacroiliitis. CONCLUSIONS: Acute anterior uveitis in SpA predominantly affects males with AS. This is relevant both to clinical and fundamental science, since its management requires both ophthalmology and rheumatology clinical settings. Psoriasis was associated more frequently with peripheral SpA. ABBREVIATIONS: AHT = arterial hypertension, AS = ankylosing spondylitis, ASAS = Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society, aSpA = axial spondyloarthritis, BASFI = Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, BASDAI = Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, CRP = C-reactive protein, ESR = erythrocyte sedimentation rate, DM2 = type 2 diabetes mellitus, HLA = human leukocyte antigen, IBD = inflammatory bowel disease, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, mSpA = mixed (peripheral and axial) spondyloarthritis, NSAIDs = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, pSpA = peripheral spondyloarthritis, PsA = psoriatic arthritis, ReA = reactive arthritis, SD = standard deviation, SI = sacroiliitis, SpA = spondyloarthritis, UDSpA = undifferentiated spondyloarthritis.
Assuntos
Articulações/patologia , Espondilartrite/complicações , Espondilartrite/patologia , Uveíte Anterior/etiologia , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenótipo , Proibitinas , Psoríase/etiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Keeping the eye is impossible, functionality is lost and aesthetic requirements are high. What do we do? Which approach is right? This is the dilemma we face whenenucleation or evisceration are unavoidable. The patient loses a sensory organ with a very important function and, at the same time, is faced with a major aesthetic defect, leading to significant anxiety. The purpose of this article is to describe the different reconstruction techniques for anophthalmic sockets. In preparing the anopthalmic socket for prosthesis fitting we have several options: dermis-fat graft with a very good biocompatibility, the Guthoff artificial implant, which provides better motility or the methyl methacrylate implant inside the muscle cone. Each option has advantages and disadvantages but the choice of technique should be adapted to the needs and expectations of the patient, taking into account both time and cost.
Assuntos
Anoftalmia/cirurgia , Órbita/patologia , Órbita/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Humanos , Implantes Orbitários , Transplante de PeleRESUMO
RATIONALE: Eyelids are very susceptible area for non-melanoma skin cancers; among that, basal cell carcinoma has the highest incidence (almost 90% of malignant eyelid tumors) and 50-60% of eyelid basal cell carcinomas appear on inferior eyelid. OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical features of inferior eyelid basal cell carcinoma and to determine the efficacy of surgical treatment with frozen sectioncontrolled margins and methods of primary reconstruction of defects. METHODS: A review of medical records of cases with primary inferior eyelid basal cell carcinoma treated by surgical excision with urgent histopathology controlled margins by FS technique, doubled by paraffin examination from October 2011 to October 2014. After histopathology confirmation of tumor free margins, proper inferior eyelid reconstruction was performed. RESULTS: The review resulted in 36 patients with 36 lesions analyzed by clinical, histopatological and therapeuticalaspectswith a mean follow-up of 20 months. All lesions were primary BCC affecting inferior eyelid. There were no recurrence in the follow-up period. Inferior eyelid reconstruction techniques were direct closure for small defects and complex techniques for defects more than one third of eyelid length. DISCUSSION: Appropriate eyelid examination is mandatory in any routine ophthalmic check-up. Clinical signs suggestive of BCC should be familiar to ophthalmologist in order to have an early diagnosis and treatment for these tumors. Surgical treatment with FS controlled excision followed by eyelid reconstruction is an efficient treatment for inferior eyelid BCC. ABBREVIATIONS: basal cell carcinoma (BCC); frozen section (FS);Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS).
Assuntos
Carcinoma Basocelular/patologia , Carcinoma Basocelular/terapia , Neoplasias Palpebrais/patologia , Neoplasias Palpebrais/terapia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Demografia , Feminino , Secções Congeladas , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness and the early diagnosis is crucial for treatment and follow-up in the progression of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the changes in mean macular thickness and volume and compare them with the mean thickness of the peripapillary nerve fiber layer in primary open angle glaucoma, using Time Domain (TD) optical coherence tomography ( OCT). METHOD: The examinations were conducted on 275 eyes of 138 patients, as it follows: 203 eyes of 102 patients diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma in various stages of evolution, representing the study group, and 72 normal eyes from 36 patients, representing the control group. The study was conducted from March 2010 to December 2012. All the patients gave their consent, in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. The study group showed a decrease in mean macular thickness and volume, as well as mean thickness of the peripapillary nerve fiber layer (RNFL) compared to the control group. According to the OCT measurements, the results of the study have shown that the decrease of the mean thickness of the RNFL is a better differentiator between glaucomatous and normal eyes compared to the decrease of the mean macular thickness and volume.
Assuntos
Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/diagnóstico , Glaucoma de Ângulo Aberto/patologia , Macula Lutea/patologia , Fibras Nervosas/patologia , Neurônios Retinianos/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia de Coerência ÓpticaRESUMO
LASIK is a surgical tehnique for the correction of refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, astygmatism). It results in a reshape of the cornea with ocular surface and especially tear film disease. It is a cause for a iatrogenic dry eye syndrome. Neurogenic and inflamatory theory explain this disease. The main therapy of dry eye is the replacement with artificial tears.
Assuntos
Síndromes do Olho Seco/epidemiologia , Síndromes do Olho Seco/etiologia , Ceratomileuse Assistida por Excimer Laser In Situ/efeitos adversos , Soluções Oftálmicas/uso terapêutico , Síndromes do Olho Seco/tratamento farmacológico , Síndromes do Olho Seco/patologia , Humanos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Due to its objectivity, reproducibility and predictive value confirmed by many large-scale statistical clinical studies, Heidelberg Retina Tomography has become one of the most used computerized image analysis of the optic disc in glaucoma. It has been signaled, though, that the diagnostic value of Moorfieds Regression Analyses and Glaucoma Probability Score decreases when analyzing optic discs with extreme sizes. The number of false positive results increases in cases of megalopapillae and the number of false negative results increases in cases of small size optic discs. The present paper is a review of the aspects one should take into account when analyzing a HRT result of an optic disc with anatomic particularities.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Diagnóstico Oftalmológico , Glaucoma/patologia , Disco Óptico/patologia , Tomografia/métodos , HumanosRESUMO
The early diagnosis and detection of progression are two key-elements in the actual management of glaucoma. The current opinion in clinical practice is to quantify the structural damage for a better follow-up of the patient and the standardization of the results. The present review is a concise survey of literature covering the period of 1990-2010, documenting the evidence-based role of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in glaucoma diagnosis and management.
Assuntos
Glaucoma/diagnóstico , Glaucoma/terapia , Oftalmoscopia/métodos , Progressão da Doença , Medicina Baseada em Evidências/métodos , Glaucoma/patologia , Humanos , Lasers Semicondutores , Oftalmoscopia/estatística & dados numéricos , Disco Óptico/patologia , SoftwareRESUMO
The interactions of capsulate (b+) and capsule-deficient (b-) Haemophilus influenzae type b with endothelial cells were studied in vitro using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (Huvecs). Association was determined by estimation of colony forming units (cfu) as well as the binding of 3H-thymidine-labelled bacteria. Bacteria associated with Huvecs rapidly and in a dose-dependent manner. The presence of capsule on bacteria resulted in a decrease in the rate of cell-association. Internationalisation of bacteria by Huvecs was quantitated after elimination of extracellular bacteria with gentamicin. It was found that larger numbers of b- bacteria were internalised compared to b+ bacteria. Incubation in the presence of metabolic inhibitors had little effect on the association of bacteria to Huvecs whereas internalisation was dependent on the integrity of host cellular functions. Electron microscopic studies confirmed phagocytic ingestion of both b+ and b- variants and suggested that the majority of the internalised bacteria remained viable within endothelial cell vacuoles. Haemophilus influenzae were translocated within vacuoles both from the apical to basal and the basal to apical direction.
Assuntos
Aderência Bacteriana , Endotélio Vascular/microbiologia , Haemophilus influenzae/fisiologia , Membrana Celular/microbiologia , Células Cultivadas , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Endotélio Vascular/ultraestrutura , Haemophilus influenzae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Haemophilus influenzae/metabolismo , Humanos , Junções Intercelulares/microbiologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de VarreduraRESUMO
The effect of variations in Neisseria meningitidis pili on bacterial interactions with three epithelial cell lines as well as human umbilical vein endothelial cells was studied using a panel of seven strains expressing Class I or Class II pili. Comparison of adherence of piliated and pilus-deficient variants of each strain to epithelial cells suggested that Class I pili may mediate bacterial adherence with all three epithelial cell lines. In contrast, Class II pili of the strains used did not increase bacterial adherence to Hep-2 larynx carcinoma cells, although an increase in adherence to Chang conjunctival and A549 lung carcinoma epithelial cells was observed in the Class II pili-expressing strains. In addition to these interclass functional variations, differences in adherence to epithelial cells were also observed among Class I and Class II strains. Functionally different pilin variants of one Class I strain, MC58, were obtained by single colony isolation. One piliated variant was identified which had concurrently lost the ability to adhere to both Chang and Hep-2 cells ('non-adherent' phenotype; adherence of less than 2 bacteria per cell). In addition, several adherent pilin variants were isolated from non-adherent Pil- and Pil+ bacteria by selection on Chang cells (adherence of 10-25 bacteria per cell). In contrast to epithelial cells, all variant pili, whether of Class I or Class II, adhered to endothelial cells in substantially larger numbers (greater than 50 bacteria per cell) and therefore implied the existence of distinct mechanisms in pilus-facilitated interactions of N. meningitidis with endothelial and epithelial cells.
Assuntos
Aderência Bacteriana , Endotélio Vascular/microbiologia , Epitélio/microbiologia , Fímbrias Bacterianas/metabolismo , Neisseria meningitidis/fisiologia , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Endotélio Vascular/citologia , Células Epiteliais , Proteínas de Fímbrias , Humanos , Neisseria meningitidis/classificação , Neisseria meningitidis/genética , Fenótipo , Especificidade da Espécie , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Veias UmbilicaisRESUMO
This paper presents the synthesis of six hydrazones from isatin and 1-morpholinomethyl-isatin and also of their six cooper's complex salts. Their structure was confirmed by the results of the quantitative elemental analysis and by IR, UV-VIS spectral analysis. The biological tests point out that cooper's complex salt of 3-(3'-phenyl-pyridazinylhydrazono)-5-methyl-indoline-2-one (1:2) (VI a) has the smallest toxicity (DMT over 800 mg/kg.w. p.o.), a remarkable anti-inflammatory activity (inhibition 57.1%, IAR 1.1) and also a gastroprotector coefficient of 43.3%. In the mean time, the cooper's complex salt of 3-(3'-p-anisyl-pyridazinyl-hydrazono)-5-methyl-ind oline-2-one (1:2) (VI b) has a gastroprotector coefficient of 76.3% and a lower anti-inflammatory activity than the first derivative (inhibition 36.9%).
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/síntese química , Isatina/análogos & derivados , Piridazinas/síntese química , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/toxicidade , Carragenina , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Isatina/química , Masculino , Camundongos , Piridazinas/química , Piridazinas/uso terapêutico , Piridazinas/toxicidadeRESUMO
The influence of the two surface structures of Neisseria meningitidis, capsule and pili, in bacterial interactions with human endothelial cells was investigated. Increased association correlated with the presence of pili on bacteria while capsule type had no apparent effect. Strains expressing both Class I and Class II pili associated with endothelial cells in significantly larger numbers compared with the non-piliated variants of the same strains (greater than 10x). Variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain P9 expressing antigenically distinct pili also associated with endothelial cells in larger numbers (greater than 30x) compared with the non-piliated variant. Electron microscopic studies confirmed these data and showed that gonococci were internalized more frequently compared with meningococci. One consequence of increased association was an increase in the cytopathic effect of bacteria on the target cells.