Incidental pulmonary nodule frequency in Turkey.

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary nodules are common incidental findings on computed tomography (CT). In Turkey, there is no available data about the follow-up of the frequency of incidental nodules. Our aim is to assess the frequency and size distrubition of incidental pulmonary nodule in our country. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2015 and December 2016, computed tomographies, taken of all outpatient and emergency department that recorded in the screening database were examined retrospectively. Nodules and their characteristics (number, size, density, localization) and relationship between age and gender were evaluated. RESULT: The age range of the cases was mean 58.99 ± 16.20 years, 256 (42.5%) were women and 347 (57.5%) were men. A total of 288 (48.25%) cases had 420 nodules. Solid nodule was present in 184 cases (30.5%). The number of cases with one solid nodule was 119 (64.7%). There were 124 solid nodules (55.36%) of ≥ 4-< 6 mm diameter, 64 solid nodules (28.57%) of ≥ 6-< 8 mm diameter and 36 solid nodules (16.07%) of ≥ 8 mm diameter. Nodule frequency increased statistically significantly with the age (p= 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of incidental nodule was found higher than in our country than in developed countries.

Structural brain alterations of Down's syndrome in early childhood evaluation by DTI and volumetric analyses.

OBJECTIVES: To provide an initial assessment of white matter (WM) integrity with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and the accompanying volumetric changes in WM and grey matter (GM) through volumetric analyses of young children with Down's syndrome (DS). METHODS: Ten children with DS and eight healthy control subjects were included in the study. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used in the DTI study for whole-brain voxelwise analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) of WM. Volumetric analyses were performed with an automated segmentation method to obtain regional measurements of cortical volumes. RESULTS: Children with DS showed significantly reduced FA in association tracts of the fronto-temporo-occipital regions as well as the corpus callosum (CC) and anterior limb of the internal capsule (p < 0.05). Volumetric reductions included total cortical GM, cerebellar GM and WM volume, basal ganglia, thalamus, brainstem and CC in DS compared with controls (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These preliminary results suggest that DTI and volumetric analyses may reflect the earliest complementary changes of the neurodevelopmental delay in children with DS and can serve as surrogate biomarkers of the specific elements of WM and GM integrity for cognitive development. KEY POINTS: • DS is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. • WM and GM structural alterations represent the neurological features of DS. • DTI may identify the earliest aging process changes. • DTI-volumetric analyses can serve as surrogate biomarkers of neurodevelopment in DS.

Evaluation of the synergistic effect of a combination of colistin and tigecycline against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacterbaumannii.

OBJECTIVE: Acinetobacter baumannii species cause nosocomial infections and can subsequently develop multidrug resistance (MDR). The objective of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of A. baumannii to a novel combination of colistin and tigecycline, which may provide a faster and more efficacious treatment via a synergistic effect. METHODS: We included 50 MDR A. baumannii samples that were isolated in our clinics between 2009 and 2014. We used broth microdilution (BMD) and the E-test to evaluate the effects of colistin and tigecycline, and the E-test to assess the interaction of the colistin-tigecycline combination. The interaction between the two antibiotics was evaluated using the fractional inhibition concentration (FIC) index and was classified as follows: FIC≤0.5, synergistic; 0.5

Painful Chest Wall Swellings: Tietze Syndrome or Chest Wall Tumor?

BACKGROUND: Tietze syndrome (TS) is an inflammatory condition characterized by chest pain and swelling of costochondral junction. Primary chest wall tumors may mimic TS. In this article, we report our experience of approximately 121 patients initially diagnosed as TS and determined chest wall tumor in some cases at the follow-up. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of patients diagnosed as TS by clinical examination, chest X-ray, electrocardiogram, routine laboratory tests, and computed tomography (CT) of chest: all treated and followed up between March 2001 and July 2012. There were 121 cases (41 males and 80 females; mean age, 39.6 ± 3.2 years) of TS. RESULTS: In 27 patients with initial normal radiological findings, the size of swellings had doubled during the follow-up period (mean, 8.51 ± 2.15 months). These patients were reevaluated with chest CT and bone scintigraphy and then early diagnostic biopsy was performed. Pathologic examination revealed primary chest wall tumor in 13 patients (5 malignant, 8 benign). CT had a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 64.2% in detection of tumors (kappa: 0.56, p = 0.002), whereas the sensitivity and the specificity of bone scan were 84.6 and 35.7%, respectively (kappa: 0.199, p = 0.385). CONCLUSION: Primary chest wall tumors could mimic TS. Bone scintigraphy or CT is not specific enough to determine malignant and other benign disorders of costochondral junction. Therefore, clinicians should follow TS patients more closely, and in case of increasing size of swelling, early diagnostic biopsy should be considered.

Central pulse pressure amplification is associated with more extensive and severe coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVES: We investigate the association between noninvasively determined central pulse waveform characteristics and the extent and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients undergoing coronary angiography with the clinical diagnosis of CAD. DESIGN: We included 145 consecutive patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP), unstable angina pectoris (USAP), or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who were decided to undergo coronary angiography. Gensini and SYNTAX scores were calculated. Noninvasive PWA was performed with the SphygmoCor system. RESULTS: Dividing the patients into tertiles according to augmentation index (AIx), more patients had significant CAD with higher Gensini and SYNTAX scores and lower myocardial blush grade (MBG) (p < 0.001 for all) in the third tertile. The AIx value to predict the presence of moderate to severe CAD as determined by SYNTAX score ≥ 23 was 24.45% (ROC analysis AUC: 0.96; sensitivity 88%, specificity: 93%, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, p < 0.001). AIx was significantly correlated with Gensini and SYNTAX scores in SAP, USAP, and AMI patients after adjusting for age, gender, height, heart rate, hypertension, and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Increased AIx is associated with the presence and severity of CAD, and it may be used in selected patients during cardiovascular evaluation in outpatient settings for risk stratification prior to coronary angiography.

Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is associated with more extensive, severe and complex coronary artery disease and impaired myocardial perfusion.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relation between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (N/L) and the extent, severity, and complexity of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial perfusion. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred and fifty-one patients who underwent coronary angiography with stable angina pectoris (SAP) (n=93) or acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (n=58) were included in the study. Blood samples were drawn before coronary angiography. Gensini and SYNTAX scores and myocardial blush grade (MBG) were assessed. RESULTS: Neutrophil counts were 4.4±1.4 and 5.0±1.6 in the SAP and ACS groups (p=0.018), whereas lymphocyte counts were 2.2±0.7 and 2.1±0.7, respectively (p=0.104). N/L was 2.2±1.2 in the SAP and 2.6±1.0 in the ACS (p=0.002) groups. In patients with SAP, N/L was significantly correlated with Gensini and SYNTAX scores (Gensini score r=0.32, p=0.002; SYNTAX score r=0.36, p=0.000), but there was no significant correlation between N/L and MBG. In the ACS group, N/L had a more powerful association with both Gensini and SYNTAX scores (Gensini r=0.42, p=0.001; SYNTAX r=0.51, p=0.000). N/L was negatively correlated with MBG in ACS patients (r= -0.48, p=0.000). Significant correlations persisted both in the SAP and ACS groups after correcting for age, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and statin use; however, the associations were weaker. Cut-off N/L to predict moderate to severe CAD according to SYNTAX score was 2.26, with 72% sensitivity and 71% specificity (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.772, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.679-0.865, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: N/L is associated with severe, extensive and complex CAD and may be used to predict moderate to severe involvement in patients with CAD.

Possible predictive clinical and radiological markers in decision making for surgical intervention in patients with Chiari Malformation type 1.

BACKGROUND: The first aim of this study was to compare the clinical data and posterior fossa morphometry obtained during the admission to the hospital between control group individuals (who had not Chiari Malformation (CM) type 1) and CM type 1 patients treated surgically or not. The second aim was to create a valid and reliable scale that can predict the decision-making for surgical intervention simply and easily in these patients. MATERIALS: Medical data and radiological images of 70 CM type 1 patients during their admission to the hospital were compared with the data of 69 control group individuals. RESULTS: Conservative treatment and/or follow-up was applied to 58 (82.9%) patients, and 12 (17.1%) patients underwent surgery. ROC analysis showed that the presence of myelopathy, tonsillar herniation >8 mm, Chamberlain line >84 mm, McRae line >44.50 mm, and odontoid process-McRae line angle <10.50 degrees could be used as predictive markers in decision-making for surgical intervention (p < 0.05). Logistic Regression analysis revealed that symptoms severity, and McRae line value would be the 'best parameters' in decision-making for surgical intervention (p < 0.05). A scale named the CHIASURG scale developed using this study's parameters showed that the parameters of 'depth of tonsillar herniation', 'Chamberlain line', and 'McRae line' could predict the surgical intervention risk. CONCLUSION: It was found that symptoms severity and McRae line value could be used as predictive markers in decision-making for surgical intervention. Additionally, it was concluded that a new scale called CHIASURG could predict surgical intervention risk validly and reliably.

Evaluation of the clinical effects of isotretinoin on chronic rhinosinusitis.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate the clinical effects of isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid), a derivative of retinoic acid, on the clinical features of chronic rhinosinusitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group included 25 chronic rhinosinusitis patients (16 females, 9 males; mean age 25.2 ± 6.8 years; range 15 to 25 years) who were on isotretinoin for acne treatment, while the control group consisted of 25 chronic rhinosinusitis patients (15 females, 10 males; mean age 25.2 ± 6.8 years; range 15 to 25 years) who were not on isotretinoin treatment. The patients' symptom scores in visual analog scale (VAS), Lanza and Kennedy nasal endoscopic scores and Newman computed tomography (CT) scores were obtained in order to evaluate the their symptom, examination and radiological findings. These patients' symptom and examination results were evaluated first day, week two and at months 3-5 and 6-10. Paranasal sinus CT results were studied first day and at months 6-10. RESULTS: In the group of patients being administered isotretinoin, no significant change in the mean symptom and examination scores was detected during the acute phase (week 2), while there was a significant regression in the long-term (months 3-5 and 6-10). There was a significant regression in the mean CT score after isotretinoin therapy. In the control group no significant change was seen in any of the scores. The number of acute sinusitis attacks were significantly lower in the isotretinoin group than in the control group. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of the duration of the healing period of acute sinusitis attacks. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the long-term administration of isotretinoin has positive effects on the clinical results of chronic rhinosinusitis.

In spontaneous intracerebral hematoma patients, prediction of the hematoma expansion risk and mortality risk using radiological and clinical markers and a newly developed scale.

Objective: In patients with spontaneous intracerebral hematoma (ICH), early-stage hematoma expansion has been associated with poor prognosis in literature. This study aimed to develop predictive parameter(s) as well as a new scale to define hematoma expansion and short-term prognosis in patients with ICH.Methods: In 46 patients with ICH, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, non-contrast CT (NCCT) markers (hematoma volume on admission and follow-up, hypodensity, intraventricular hemorrhage, blend and island sign, BAT score), and modified Rankin Scale scores were evaluated for predicting the hematoma expansion risk and mortality risk. Furthermore, a newly developed scale called the 'HEMRICH scale' was constituted using the GCS score, hematoma volumes, and some NCCT markers.Results: Roc-Curve and Logistic Regression test results revealed that GCS score, initial hematoma volume value, hypodensity, intraventricular haemorrhage, BAT score, and HEMRICH scale score could be the best markers in predicting hematoma expansion risk whereas GCS score, intraventricular haemorrhage, BAT score, hematoma expansion, and HEMRICH scale score could be the best markers in predicting mortality risk (p = 0.01). Moreover, Factor analysis and Reliability test results showed that HEMRICH scale score could predict both hematoma expansion and mortality risks validly (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test value = 0.729) and reliably (Cronbach's alpha = 0.564).Conclusion: It was concluded that the GCS score, intraventricular haemorrhage, and BAT score could predict both hematoma expansion risk and mortality risk in the early stage in patients with ICH. Furthermore, it was suggested that the newly produced HEMRICH scale could be a valid and reliable scale for predicting both hematoma expansion and mortality risk.

Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor for patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: Real-world experience from Turkey (ARNi-TR).

OBJECTIVE: Heart failure (HF) is a growing public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNi) has emerged as a promising treatment for HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Here, we shared our experience with the use of ARNi in HFrEF from multiple centers in Turkey. METHODS: The ARNi-TR is a multicenter, noninterventional, retrospective, observational study. Overall, 779 patients with HF from 22 centers in Turkey who were prescribed sacubitril/valsartan were examined. Initial clinical status, biochemical and echocardiographic parameters, and New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA-FC) values were compared with follow-up values after 1 year of ARNi use. In addition, the effect of ARNi on number of annual hospitalizations was investigated, and the patients were divided into 2 groups, depending on whether ARNi was initiated at hospitalization or under outpatient clinic control. RESULTS: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), left-ventricle ejection fraction (LV-EF), and NYHA-FC values improved significantly in both groups (all parameters, p<0.001) within 1-year follow-up. In both groups, a decrease in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) values was observed in ARNi use (p<0.001), and a decrease in daily diuretic doses and hospitalizations owing to HF were observed after ARNi use (all comparisons, p<0.001). Hypotension (16.9%) was the most common side effect in patients using ARN. CONCLUSION: The ARNi-TR study offers comprehensive real-life data for patients using ARNi in Turkey. The use of ARNi has shown significant improvements in FC, NT-proBNP, HbA1c levels, and LV-EF. Likewise, reductions in the number of annual hospitalizations and daily furosemide doses for HF were seen in this study.

AVERAGE GLANDULAR DOSES AND NATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS IN MAMMOGRAPHY EXAMINATIONS IN TURKEY.

In order to establish national diagnostic reference levels for mammography examinations, entrance skin air kerma, entrance skin dose and average glandular doses (AGDs) were calculated for a total of 25 624 cranio-caudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) projections of 6309 patients for 40-49 and 50-64 age groups. The average entrance skin air kerma and entrance skin dose values for both age groups were found to be higher in MLO projections compared with CC projections. The minimum and maximum values of AGDs were determined as 0.4 and 7.9 mGy for both projections. The maximum numbers of AGDs for CC and MLO projections were calculated in the range of 1.1-1.5 and 1.6-2.0 mGy, respectively. The third quartile values of AGDs were calculated for each compressed breast thickness between 20 and 99 mm. The first national diagnostic reference levels of the country were established for each 10-mm compressed breast thickness in mammography examinations.

Single-step hysteroscopic myomectomy for submucous leiomyoma.

OBJECTIVE: Leiomyomas are most commonly observed benign tumors in the female genital tract. Depending on the size, number, and location, the complete resection of Type 0, 1, and 2 leiomyomas by hysteroscopy can be completed in a single-step or multi-step procedure. The purpose of this study is to document the cases of hysteroscopic myomectomy performed via the resectoscopic technique in the gynecology department of a university hospital. Moreover, we assessed the applicability of single- or multi-step hysteroscopic myomectomy with respect to the diameter of the leiomyoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of hysteroscopic myomectomy performed between 2012 and 2018. According to the diameter of the submucous leiomyomas, we divided 46 patients into 2 groups. Group 1 (n=25) consisted of patients with submucous leiomyomas <3 cm, whereas patients in group 2 (n=21) had submucous leiomyomas ≥3 cm in diameter. We recorded the number of removed leiomyomas and completed hysteroscopy sessions. RESULTS: Myomectomy was completed by single-step hysteroscopy in all the patients of group 1, whereas eight patients in group 2 needed multiple sessions of hysteroscopy. None of the patients in group 1 had fluid overload; however, two patients in group 2 had mild asymptomatic hyponatremia. CONCLUSION: The success of hysteroscopic myomectomy depends on the diameter, localization, and number of the leiomyomas. This study revealed that Type 0, 1, and 2 leiomyomas of less than 3 cm can be resected by single-step hysteroscopy. For larger leiomyomas, the possibility of need for further sessions should be shared with the patients.

Diminished ovarian reserve in patients with psoriasis.

OBJECTIVE: Psoriasis is a multi-systemic chronic inflammatory skin disease. Previous data suggests that women with some chronic inflammatory diseases have diminished ovarian reserve. This study explores ovarian reserve in patients with psoriasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively analyzed 14 female patients with psoriasis and 35 healthy age and body mass index matched controls. An interview explored demographic characteristics, obstetrical history and menstrual characteristics. Psoriatic area severity index (PASI) in patients was assessed. Estrogen, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid stimulating hormone and with gynecologic ultrasonography, ovarian volume and antral follicular count (AFC) were measured in both study and control groups. These values were analyzed with changes of the PASI in the patient group. RESULTS: Patients with psoriasis had significantly higher levels of FSH and FSH/LH ratio than healthy controls (p = 0.039, p = 0.005 respectively). AFC of psoriasis patients were significantly lower than healthy controls (p = 0.002).There were no significant difference among other hormone levels and ovarian volumes (p > 0.05). The hormone levels, ovarian volume and AFC were not correlated with PASI of the patients. CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that patients with psoriasis may have diminished ovarian reserve.

Role of inflammatory markers in decreasing negative appendectomy rate: A study based on computed tomography findings.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the role of inflammatory markers in decreasing negative appendectomy rate (NAR) based on their relation with findings of acute appendicitis (AA) on computed tomography (CT). METHODS: Ninety-two patients who underwent CT examination with suspected AA were included. We investigated the relation between CT findings of AA and laboratory inflammatory markers and also performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to calculate cut-off values of inflammatory markers and CT findings of AA. Appendectomy cases were re-evaluated considering cut-off values to make the operation decision and NAR was recalculated. Chi-squared test was used to compare the actual and recalculated NAR. RESULTS: Cut-off values of appendiceal diameter, appendiceal wall thickness, and caecal wall thickness were 7.9, 2, and 2.3 mm, respectively, for the diagnosis of AA. Cut-off values of WBC , NLR, and CRP on ROC analysis were 7.47, 4.06 and 13, respectively, for the diagnosis of AA. When the actual and recalculated NAR (21.9% versus 9.1%) were compared, the difference was found to be almost significant (p=0.058). CONCLUSION: Inflammatory markers are not sufficiently powerful on their own to accurately diagnose AA. However, particularly in equivocal cases, proposed cut-off values may be helpful for accurate diagnosis and a lower NAR can be achieved.

A novel structural risk index for primary spontaneous pneumothorax: Ankara Numune Risk Index.

BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to reveal a novel risk index as a structural risk marker for primary spontanoeus pneumothorax using body mass index and chest height, structural risk factors for pneumothorax development. METHODS: Records of 86 cases admitted between February 2014 and January 2015 with or without primary spontaneous pneumothorax were analysed retrospectively. The patients were allocated to two groups as Group I and Group II. The patients were evaluated with regard to age, gender, pneumothorax side, duration of hospital stay, treatment type, recurrence, chest height and transverse diameter on posteroanterior chest graphy and body mass index. Body mass index ratio per cm of chest height was calculated by dividing body mass index with chest height. We named this risk index ratio which is defined first as 'Ankara Numune Risk Index'. Diagnostic value of Ankara Numune Risk Index value for prediction of primary spontaneous pneumothorax development was analysed with Receiver Operating Characteristics curver. RESULTS: Of 86 patients, 69 (80.2%) were male and 17 (19.8%) were female. Each group was composed of 43 (50%) patients. When Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analysis was done for optimal limit value 0.74 of Ankara Numune Risk Index determined for prediction of pneumothorax development risk, area under the curve was 0.925 (95% Cl, 0.872-0.977, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Ankara Numune Risk Index is one of the structural risk factors for prediction of primary spontaneous pneumothorax development however it is insufficient for determining recurrence.

Can a pilates exercise program be effective on balance, flexibility and muscle endurance? A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: This randomized controlled study aims to determine the effect of pilates mat exercises on dynamic and static balance, hamstring flexibility, abdominal muscle activity and endurance in healthy adults. METHODS: Female healthy volunteer university students randomly assigned into two groups. Group 1 followed a pilates program for an hour two times a week. Group 2 continued daily activities as control group. Dynamic and static balance were evaluated by Sport Kinesthetic Ability Trainer (KAT) 4000 device. Hamstring flexibility and abdominal endurance were determined by sit-and-reach test, curl-up test respectively. Pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) was used to measure transversus abdominis and lumbar muscle activity. The physical activity of the participants was followed by International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form. RESULTS: Twenty-three subjects in pilates group and 24 control subjects completed the study. In pilates group, statistical significant improvements were observed in curl-up, sit-and-reach test, PBU scores at sixth week (P<0.001), and KAT static and dynamic balance scores (P<0.001), waist circumference (P=0.007) at eighth week. In the comparison between two groups, there were significant improvements in pilates group for sit-and-reach test (P=0.01) and PBU scores (P<0.001) at sixth week, additionally curl-up and static KAT scores progressed in eighth week (P<0.001). No correlation was found between flexibility, endurance, trunk muscle activity and balance parameters. CONCLUSIONS: An eight-week pilates training program has been found to have beneficial effect on static balance, flexibility, abdominal muscle endurance, abdominal and lumbar muscle activity. These parameters have no effect on balance.

Tp-e/QT ratio and QT dispersion with respect to blood pressure dipping pattern in prehypertension.

INTRODUCTION: Tp-e/QT, the ratio of the interval between the peak and the end of T wave to the QT interval, is a novel index of arrhythmogenesis. We investigate Tp-e/QT and QT dispersion (QTd) in prehypertensive and normotensive patients with different patterns of nocturnal blood pressure dipping. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-seven prehypertensive and 37 normotensive adult patients were included. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring recording was performed and patients were considered to be dipper if nocturnal blood pressure fall was at least 10%; nondipper if it was 0-10%; and reverse-dipper if less than 0%. Tp-e, QT intervals were assessed by 12-lead ECG and Tp-e/QT was calculated using these measurements. QTd is defined as the difference between the maximum and the minimum QT interval of the 12 leads. RESULTS: Tp-e/QT was 0.22±0.02 and 0.16±0.01 in prehypertensives and normotensives, respectively (P<0.001), whereas cQTd was 36.1±6.8 and 27.2±5.2 ms (P<0.001). Tp-e and Tp-e/QT were the lowest in the dippers and the highest in the reverse-dippers in the prehypertensive group (Tp-e/QT dipper: 0.21±0.01; nondipper: 0.24±0.02; reverse-dipper: 0.25±0.01; for dipper-nondipper, and dipper-reverse-dipper P<0.05). However, in the normotensive group, dipping status had no effect on Tp-e/QT. There were no significant differences between dippers, nondippers, and reverse-dippers in terms of cQTd both in prehypertensives and in normotensives. There were no associations between left ventricular mass index and Tp-e, Tp-e/QT, and cQTd in both groups. CONCLUSION: Tp-e, Tp-e/QT, and cQTd are increased in prehypertensives compared with normotensives. Tp-e and Tp-e/QT are associated with the dipping status in prehypertensives.

Arterial stiffness and central arterial wave reflection are associated with serum uric acid, total bilirubin, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with coronary artery disease.

OBJECTIVE: Total bilirubin (TB) was recently recognized as an endogenous anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant molecule. Uric acid (UA) takes part in cardiovascular diseases by inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction. We assessed the relationship between serum TB levels, serum UA levels, and inflammatory status assessed by neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (N/L) and arterial stiffness and arterial wave reflection in patients with a clinical diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: We included 145 consecutive patients admitted with stable angina pectoris (SAP) or acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Blood samples were drawn at admission for complete blood count and biochemistry. Non-invasive pulse waveform analysis for the determination of augmentation index (AIx) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) measurements were performed with the commercially available SphygmoCor system. RESULTS: When patients were divided into tertiles of PWV and AIx, median N/L and median serum UA levels were the highest and mean TB levels were the lowest in the third tertile (p<0.001 for all). AIx and PWV were positively associated with serum UA and N/L and negatively associated with serum TB levels (p<0.001 for all). After adjustments for age, gender, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and presence of diabetes, significant correlations persisted for N/L, UA, and TB in ACS patients (p<0.05). In the SAP group, TB was significantly negatively correlated with AIx and PWV, and UA was significantly positively correlated with PWV (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: N/L ratio and serum UA and TB levels might be used to risk-stratify patients with respect to arterial stiffness in CAD patients, especially in the presence of ACS.

The relationship between serum uric acid levels and angiographic severity of coronary heart disease.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that the serum uric acid (SUA) level is associated with atherosclerosis. AIM: To determine the relationship between the SUA level and the presence and severity of coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: A total of 705 patients who underwent coronary angiography were included in this study. All patients were assessed for the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and ongoing medications. SUA levels were measured in all patients before the procedure after 12 h of fasting. The severity of CHD was assessed by the SYNTAX score. The independent association between the SUA and the severity of CHD was statistically evaluated using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 for Windows. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 60.2 ± 11.0 years. 252 were female (35.7%) and 453 were male (64.3%). Of the patients, 59.0% had significant CHD, 34.6% had diabetes mellitus, 67.7% had hypertension, 55.3% had hyperlipidaemia, and 45.4% were current smokers. The mean SYNTAX score was 10.6 ± 12.9. According to the SYNTAX score, 289 of the patients (41%) had normal coronary arteries and non-significant CHD (controls, SYNTAX score: 0), 236 of the patients (33.5%) had mild CHD (SYNTAX score: 1-22), 97 (13.8%) had moderate CHD (SYNTAX score: 23-32), and 83 (11.8%) had severe CHD (SYNTAX score: ≥ 33). The mean SUA values were 5.3 ± 1.5 mg/dL in the control group, 5.6 ± 1.4 mg/dL in the mild CHD group, 6.2 ± 1.6 mg/dL in the moderate CHD group, and 6.5 ± 1.7 mg/dL in the severe CHD group. According to Spearman's rho analysis, a positive correlation between the SUA levels and the SYNTAX score was determined to be statistically significant (p < 0.001, r = 0.239; p = 0.002, r = 0.148 in men; p = 0.001, r = 0.204 in women). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we found a positive correlation between the SUA level and the SYNTAX score. Therefore, this routine biochemical test can be used for the evaluation of the severity of CHD besides other risk factors in clinical practice. However, larger scale randomised studies are needed to show the effects of SUA on the severity of CHD.