RESUMO
May-Thurner syndrome, also known as iliocaval compression syndrome, is a rare vascular condition that involves compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery. This compression can lead to venous stasis and increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis in the left lower extremity. Treatment options range from conservative measures to endovascular procedures such as venous stenting. Here, we present the case of a 45-year-old female with a history of recurrent deep vein thrombosis in her left leg, who arrived at the emergency department with swelling, pain, and tenderness. She was on warfarin therapy for deep vein thrombosis management. Physical examination and laboratory investigations supported the diagnosis of acute deep vein thrombosis. Further investigations revealed May-Thurner syndrome, with the left common iliac vein being compressed by the right common iliac artery, leading to extensive thrombosis in the left lower extremity. Endovascular stenting was performed to relieve the obstruction and restore venous blood flow. The patient's symptoms improved after the stenting procedure, and she remained asymptomatic during follow-up with continued anticoagulation therapy. Awareness of May-Thurner syndrome is crucial, especially in patients with recurrent deep venous thrombosis and anatomical risk factors. Successful management requires a multidisciplinary approach involving anticoagulation therapy and endovascular stenting.