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1.
Nutr Cancer ; 69(4): 601-606, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28353355

RESUMO

Patients with advanced cancer often experience symptoms of disease and treatment that contribute to distress such as weight loss, which is present in up to 85% of cancer patients. Palliative care in these patients focuses on care aimed at improving quality of life. Phase angle (PA) is obtained by bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) and is associated with cellular function. It is considered a reliable marker of malnutrition. A low PA may suggest deterioration of the cell membrane, which in palliative patients may result in a short-term survival. The aim of this study was to associate PA and survival in palliative patients of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico. We included 452 patients (women, 56.4%); the average PA was 4.0°. The most frequent disease was gastric cancer (39.2%). Mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.84. The average survival of patients with PA ≤ 4° was 86 days, while in the group with PA > 4°, it was 163 days (P > 0.0001). PA showed significant positive correlation with survival time and BMI. Our results corroborate the reliability of PA in Mexican population, as an indicator of survival in palliative care patients compared to the reported literature in other countries.


Assuntos
Impedância Elétrica , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Neoplasias/terapia , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Idoso , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Taxa de Sobrevida
2.
Nutr Cancer ; 69(8): 1227-1233, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29083245

RESUMO

Sarcopenia has been evaluated as a separate condition in cancer patients and as an important indicator of adverse outcomes. Muscle mass and phase angle are usually quantified by bioelectrical impedance analysis, due to its lower cost, and availability. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of sarcopenia, phase angle, and other characteristics on overall survival (OS) in palliative cancer patients at the National Cancer Institute of Mexico. We enrolled 628 patients (female, 59%). The most frequent disease was gastric cancer (39.5%). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significant survival disadvantage for patients with sarcopenia compared to patients without sarcopenia (p = 0.02). Sarcopenia univariably predicted OS [HR 1.4 (95% CI, 1.1-1.8), p = 0.001], but was not significant in multivariable Cox-regression analysis (p = 0.08). Significant predictors for sarcopenia in multivariable Cox-regression analysis were sex, age, body mass index, phase angle, clinical symptoms, and Karnofsky. Our results corroborate the reliability of sarcopenia and phase angle in Mexican population, showing that the measurement of these parameters might also be useful in early-stage cancer patients as prognostic markers.


Assuntos
Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Cuidados Paliativos , Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Impedância Elétrica , Determinação de Ponto Final , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Avaliação de Estado de Karnofsky , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Neoplasias/complicações , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sarcopenia/etiologia , Adulto Jovem
3.
Nutr Hosp ; 30(4): 891-5, 2014 Oct 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25335678

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Anorexia-cachexia is a frequent syndrome among cancer patients, specially in late stages: the global prevalence of para-neoplastic anorexia-cachexia ranges between 20-40% in the diagnostic stage and between 70-80% in the late stage of the disease. The co-existence of functional or structural digestive abnormalities is frequently observed among cancer patients; this is a consequence of the tumor growth and of those systemic phenomena related to metabolism, which are affected by the relationship tumor-host specific to anorexia- cachexia. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at establishing the frequency of anorexia-cachexia, as well as its relationship to GI symptoms in the context of palliative care patients at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Analytic cross-sectional study including 100 patients diagnosed with late-stage cancer, age range 18-80, and a Karnofsky score > 50, as well as an ECOG <2; patients with a bad general health status were not allowed in the study. After reviewing inclusion and exclusion criteria, participants fulfilled the FAACT questionnaire, as well as the EGS. Patients recruitment was carried out by the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Results and discussion: Results show that 61% (n=61)of the patients had anorexia-cachexia, and 39% (n=39)did not. 56% of the sample participants (n=34) were women, and 44% (n=27) were men. GI symptoms associated with anorexia-cachexia were: nausea (p= 0.0001), vomiting (p=0.004), early satiety (p=0.0005), dysgeusia(p=0.0005) and dysphagia (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Anorexia and cachexia are among the most devastating and frequent symptoms in late-stage cancer patients and they are also associated with GI symptoms affecting the physical, psychosocial and existential aspects of the patient's life. Data from this research validate the importance of an early nutrition support in palliative patients so that they can achieve a better quality of life.


Introducción: La anorexia-caquexia es un síndrome frecuente en pacientes oncológicos, particularmente en etapas avanzadas: la prevalencia global de anorexia-caquexia para-neoplásica oscila entre el 20-40% en los enfermos en la fase diagnóstica, y entre el 70­80% en la fase avanzada de la enfermedad. En los enfermos oncológicos es frecuente la coexistencia de alteraciones digestivas estructurales o funcionales, secundarias al crecimiento tumoral y a los fenómenos sistémicos de carácter metabólico, determinados por la interrelación tumor-huésped específicos de la anorexia-caquexia. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la frecuencia de anorexia-caquexia, y su asociación con síntomas gastrointestinales en pacientes en terreno paliativo del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, atendidos en el servicio de Cuidados Paliativos. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico. Se incluyeron 100 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer avanzado, con un rango de edad de 18 y 80 años, y una puntuación de Karnofsky > 50, así como un ECOG.


Assuntos
Anorexia/complicações , Anorexia/epidemiologia , Caquexia/complicações , Caquexia/epidemiologia , Gastroenteropatias/complicações , Gastroenteropatias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/complicações , Academias e Institutos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cuidados Paliativos
4.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 11(1): 101-115, jun. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-122945

RESUMO

En el ámbito de la salud, se ha puesto en evidencia la necesidad de profundizar en las actitudes y creencias ante la muerte en los propios profesionales ya que pueden influir en la calidad de los cuidados, especialmente las derivadas de procesos de muerte y duelo, por lo que el objetivo de la investigación fue explorar y analizar actitudes y creencias ante la muerte en el personal de salud en Cuidados Paliativos Oncológicos. Fue un estudio, transversal y descriptivo; se utilizó un muestreo intencional, los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Formato de datos personales y profesionales, Escala de Ansiedad ante la muerte de Templer, Creencias con relación al paciente terminal y Cuestionario de Actitudes ante la Muerte (CAM). Se analizaron los datos estadísticamente: análisis de frecuencias y correlación de Spearman, con una alta tendencia en considerar que es mejor que el paciente terminal fallezca en casa, en el uso de la morfina como tratamiento para el dolor en cáncer avanzado y recibir una atención integral. Dentro de las principales actitudes del personal de salud hacia el paciente terminal y la muerte se encontraron: mayor responsabilidad y atención hacia la vida, y promoción del crecimiento personal para aceptar su propia muerte


In the field of health, has highlighted the need to delve into the attitudes and beliefs about death in the professionals because they can influence the quality of care, especially those derived from processes of death and mourning, for what the objective of the research was to explore and analyze attitudes and beliefs about death in health personnel Oncology Palliative Care. The study was a cross-sectional and descriptive, purposive sampling was used, the instruments used were format personal and professional, Anxiety Scale Templer’s death, beliefs regarding the terminal patient and Attitudes Questionnaire Death (CAM ). Data were analyzed statistically: Frequency analysis and Spearman correlation, with a high tendency to consider that is better than the terminal patient dies at home, in the use of morphine as a treatment for pain in advanced cancer and receiving comprehensive care. Among the main attitudes in the health staff towards the patient and death were found: more responsibility and attention to the promotion of life and personal growth to take his own life


Assuntos
Humanos , Atitude Frente a Morte , Ansiedade/psicologia , Psicometria/instrumentação , Adaptação Psicológica , Cuidados Paliativos , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários
5.
Psicooncología (Pozuelo de Alarcón) ; 11(2/3): 333-344, dic. 2014. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-131113

RESUMO

La espiritualidad, es una necesidad fundamental en el cuidado paliativo, sin embargo, la literatura reporta que existen inconsistencias en la definición de los términos «espiritualidad» y «religiosidad», lo que genera confusión en su abordaje con los pacientes. El presente estudio fue exploratorio, con el objetivo de conocer la concepción de espiritualidad y religiosidad que tiene un equipo multidisciplinario en una unidad de cuidados paliativos oncológicos. El estudio fue no experimental, transversal y descriptivo; con 34 profesionales de la salud. Para la obtención del concepto se empleó la técnica de redes semánticas naturales, utilizando dos palabras estímulo: Espiritualidad y Religiosidad. Dentro de los resultados se encontraron semejanzas entre ambas palabras, al ser definidos como: fe, dios, creencia, amor, religión, esperanza, creencias. Sin embargo, se presentan diferencias en el concepto de espiritualidad; definida como paz, alma, tranquilidad, armonía, meditación, bondad, espíritu; y trascendencia; mientras que el concepto de religiosidad; fue definida como iglesia, ritos, fanatismo, espiritualidad, compromiso, oración, reglas, y sacerdote. Concluyendo que los conceptos resultan confusos para el equipo de cuidados paliativos, sin embargo, cuentan con recursos personales para identificar las necesidades espirituales aunque carecen de información y entrenamiento formal para su abordaje


Spirituality is a fundamental need in palliative care; however, the literature reports that there are inconsistencies in the definition of the terms «spirituality» and «religiosity», which creates confusion in how to approach these issues with the patients. The present study was exploratory, with the aim to better understand the concept of spirituality and religiosity that a multidisciplinary team has in an oncology palliative care unit. The study was not experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive, with 34 health professionals. To obtain each concept, the natural semantic networks technique was used; using two stimulus words: spirituality and religiosity. Among the results, similarities between the two concepts were found, being both defined as faith, god, belief, love, religion, hope. However, there are differences that distinguish the concept of spirituality; defined as peace, soul, tranquility, harmony, meditation, kindness, spirit, and transcendence; from the concept of religiosity; defined as church, rituals, bigotry, spirituality, commitment, prayer, rules, and priest. Concluding that the concepts are confusing to the palliative care team, however they have personal resources to identify the spiritual needs although they lack of information and formal training to address this


Assuntos
Humanos , Espiritualidade , Religião e Psicologia , Cuidados Paliativos/psicologia , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Doente Terminal/psicologia , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia
6.
Nutr. hosp ; Nutr. hosp. (Internet);30(4): 891-895, oct. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-134921

RESUMO

Introducción: La anorexia-caquexia es un síndrome frecuente en pacientes oncológicos, particularmente en etapas avanzadas: la prevalencia global de anorexia-caquexia para-neoplásica oscila entre el 20-40% en los enfermos en la fase diagnóstica, y entre el 70-80% en la fase avanzada de la enfermedad. En los enfermos oncológicos es frecuente la coexistencia de alteraciones digestivas estructurales o funcionales, secundarias al crecimiento tumoral y a los fenómenos sistémicos de carácter metabólico, determinados por la interrelación tumor-huésped específicos de la anorexia-caquexia. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la frecuencia de anorexia-caquexia, y su asociación con síntomas gastrointestinales en pacientes en terreno paliativo del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, atendidos en el servicio de Cuidados Paliativos. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico. Se incluyeron 100 pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer avanzado, con un rango de edad de 18 y 80 años, y una puntuación de Karnofsky > 50, así como un ECOG <2; se excluyeron aquellos pacientes con mal estado general y que rechazaron participar en el estudio. Posterior a revisar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se les aplicó el cuestionario FAACT, así como la EGS. La institución que reclutó a los pacientes fue Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Resultados y discusión: Los resultados muestran que el 61% (n=61) de los pacientes presentó anorexia-caquexia, mientras que no ocurrió así para el 39% (n=39). Al grupo de mujeres correspondió el 56% de la muestra (n=34), mientras que al de los hombres el 44% (n=27). Los síntomas gastrointestinales que se asociaron con la anorexia-caquexia, fueron: náusea (p= 0.0001), vómito (p=0.004), saciedad temprana (p=0.0005), disgeusia (p=0.0005) y disfagia (p=0.001). Conclusión: La anorexia y la caquexia se encuentran entre los síntomas más devastadores y habituales en pacientes con cáncer avanzado y a su vez se encuentran asociadas a síntomas gastrointestinales que afectan la esfera física, psicosocial y existencial del paciente. Con los datos obtenidos del presente estudio, se corrobora la relevancia que tiene la atención nutricional temprana en los pacientes paliativos para que logren una mejor calidad de vida (AU)


Background: Anorexia-cachexia is a frequent syndrome among cancer patients, specially in late stages: the global prevalence of para-neoplastic anorexia-cachexia ranges between 20-40% in the diagnostic stage and between 70-80% in the late stage of the disease. The co-existence of functional or structural digestive abnormalities is frequently observed among cancer patients; this is a consequence of the tumor growth and of those systemic phenomena related to metabolism, which are affected by the relationship tumor-host specific to anorexia-cachexia. Objective: This study aimed at establishing the frequency of anorexia-cachexia, as well as its relationship to GI symptoms in the context of palliative care patients at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City.Methods and material: Analytic cross-sectional study including 100 patients diagnosed with late-stage cancer, age range 18-80, and a Karnofsky score > 50, as well as an ECOG <2; patients with a bad general health status were not allowed in the study. After reviewing inclusion and exclusion criteria, participants fulfilled the FAACT questionnaire, as well as the EGS. Patients recruitment was carried out by the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. Results and discussion: Results show that 61% (n=61) of the patients had anorexia-cachexia, and 39% (n=39) did not. 56% of the sample participants (n=34) were women, and 44% (n=27) were men. GI symptoms associated with anorexia-cachexia were: nausea (p= 0.0001), vomiting (p=0.004), early satiety (p=0.0005), dysgeusia (p=0.0005) and dysphagia (p=0.001). Conclusion: Anorexia and cachexia are among the most devastating and frequent symptoms in late-stage cancer patients and they are also associated with GI symptoms affecting the physical, psychosocial and existential aspects of the patient’s life. Data from this research validate the importance of an early nutrition support in palliative patients so that they can achieve a better quality of life (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Anorexia/epidemiologia , Caquexia/epidemiologia , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Gastroenteropatias/epidemiologia , Neoplasias/complicações , Distúrbios Nutricionais/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade e Sexo
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