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1.
Med. segur. trab ; 62(245): 304-317, oct.-dic. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-163222

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: La tuberculosis ha sido una de las grandes causas de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial y sigue constituyendo hoy día un grave problema de salud pública. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estima que en 2014 se produjeron 9.6 millones de enfermos y 1.5 millones de muertes por tuberculosis, además un tercio de la población mundial presenta actualmente infección tuberculosa latente (ITL). La tuberculosis es considerada enfermedad profesional en los trabajadores que contraen la enfermedad a causa de su trabajo y es un riesgo laboral significativo en los trabajadores sanitarios. Los Servicios de Prevención son los encargados del manejo de este riesgo así como su abordaje para controlar la tuberculosis en el medio laboral. OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de infección tuberculosa latente en los trabajadores del Servicio de Urgencias de un hospital general tras una exposición accidental sin medidas de protección adecuadas. Analizar el abordaje preventivo en el manejo de este riesgo profesional. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en trabajadores sanitarios que participaron en un estudio de contactos durante 3 meses. Como método de identificación de los infectados se utiliza la prueba de la tuberculina y la determinación de Quantiferon. RESULTADOS: De los 181 trabajadores estudiados 141 se siguieron en el Servicio de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales. Se diagnosticaron 24 trabajadores con infección latente tuberculosa y se realizó quimioprofilaxis a 10 de ellos. De los 181 trabajadores estudiados, 103 tenían reconocimiento previo. El 57% tenía documentado una prueba de tuberculina previa. La prevalencia de infección latente tuberculosa en los trabajadores estudiados es de 13,3% y en este periodo de tiempo no ha habido ninguna infección reciente. CONCLUSIONES: La tuberculosis sigue siendo un riesgo profesional en los trabajadores sanitarios. Conocer la incidencia previa de infección tuberculosa latente en nuestros trabajadores mediante programas de cribado, permite la aplicación precoz de medidas preventivas que eviten la transmisión y posibles retrasos en los diagnósticos, paso fundamental para evitar el contagio y desarrollo de nuevas infecciones. Los Servicios de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales deberían mejorar sus programas de vigilancia y cribado para controlar este riesgo adecuadamente


Introduction: Tuberculosis has been one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is still regarded as a serious public health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there were 9.6 million patients in 2014 and 1.5 million deaths from tuberculosis. It means that a third of the world population currently presents latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). The TB is considered an occupational disease and is a significant occupational hazard among health care workers. Prevention services are responsible not only for managing this risk and its approach but also for controlling TB at the workplace. Objective: To determine the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection within the workers of the Emergency Department in a general hospital and then analyze the preventive approach in the management of this occupational hazard. Methodology: Cross-sectional study conducted in health care workers who participated in a study for 3 months. Those affected were identified by the tuberculin test and the Quantiferon to identify the infected people (blood test that detects the bacteria that causes tuberculosis). Results: 181 workers were studied. 141 were monitored in the Occupational risk Department. 24 workers were diagnosed with latent tuberculosis infection. Chemoprophylaxis was performed in 10 workers. 103 had previous occupational medical examinations. 57% documented previous tuberculin test. The prevalence of latent TB infection in the workers studied is 13.3% and there has been no recent infection during this time. Conclusions: Tuberculosis remains an occupational hazard for health workers. By knowing the previous incidence of latent TB infection among our workers through screening programs, we can take preventive measures in order to avoid transmission and possible delays in diagnosis. This procedure is crucial to avoid the spread and the development of new infections. Occupational Health and Safety Departments should improve their surveillance and screening programs to properly manage this risk


Assuntos
Humanos , Busca de Comunicante/métodos , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Latente/epidemiologia , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Estudos Transversais , Exposição Ocupacional , Pessoal de Saúde , Teste Tuberculínico
2.
Arch Inst Cardiol Mex ; 48(6): 1224-32, 1978.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-581545

RESUMO

A case is presented of Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis on a biological Duramater Prosthesis. In the evolution curse, the patient presented an intraparenchimal cerebral haemorrhage, where--upon the angiographic studies demonstrated the existence of a mycotic aneurysm in the left median cerebral arterial territory. With specific antibiotic therapy and replacement of the prosthesis, the clinical evolution of the case, was positive, and later angiographies evidenced the disappearance of the aneurysm. The incidence of intracranial mycotic aneurysm complicating bacterial endocarditis is relatively high (up to 4% in post-mortem series). There have been very few cases communicated up to now with angiographic demonstration. Mortality is similar in patients under surgical or medical treatment. The aetipothogenic aspects are discussed, as well as the recommended therapeutic measures.


Assuntos
Aneurisma Infectado/etiologia , Endocardite Bacteriana/complicações , Próteses Valvulares Cardíacas/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Adulto , Aneurisma Infectado/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência da Valva Aórtica/cirurgia , Endocardite Bacteriana/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Penicilina G/uso terapêutico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiopatia Reumática/cirurgia , Estreptomicina/uso terapêutico
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