Influence of Sociodemographic and Emotional Factors on the Relationship between Self-Compassion and Perceived Stress among Men Residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The analysis of sociodemographic and emotional factors is essential to understanding how men perceive stress and practice self-compassion. In health crises, this problem becomes an emergency for public health. This study aimed to analyze the influence of sociodemographic and emotional factors on the relationship between self-compassion and the perceived stress of men residing in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a nationwide cross-sectional study carried out between June and December 2020 with 1006 men who completed a semi-structured electronic questionnaire. Data were collected using the snowball technique. Perceived stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and self-compassion was assessed using the Self-Compassion Scale. Most men had low self-compassion (51.5%; n = 516) and a moderate level of perceived stress (60.9%; n = 613), while 15.9% (n = 170) had a high level of stress. The prevalence of men in the combined situation of low self-compassion and high perceived stress was 39.4% (n = 334). Living with friends had a higher prevalence of low self-compassion and high perceived stress. The prevalence of common mental disorders was high (54.3%). Men with low levels of self-compassion reported higher levels of perceived stress; however, this association was moderated by emotional and sociodemographic variables. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual and contextual factors in public policies promoting men's mental health.

Primary care mental health: nurses' activities in the psychosocial care network.

OBJECTIVE: to describe and analyze the role of expert nurses in mental health in the Family Health Strategy. METHOD: a qualitative study, with 20 Basic Health Units nurses of Teresina, Piauí. The information was collected through semi-structured interviews from March to May 2017 and analyzed using the content analysis method. RESULTS: it was found that the conceptions of the mental health disease process were based on the biological model, there was little communication between mental health and basic network, nurses did not feel qualified to work mental health and there were few mental health actions in Primary Care. Final considerations: it becomes urgent to implement public policies that articulate mental health and Primary Care, raising awareness and continuing education for nurses.

Analysis of antimicrobial prescriptions in Primary Healthcare. / Análise de prescrições de antimicrobianos na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prescription receipts for antimicrobial prescriptions prescribed in primary healthcare units in a capital city in the Northeast region of Brazil. METHOD: An evaluative, analytical study. Information from the central distribution of essential medicines and the receipts of antimicrobial prescriptions were used. RESULTS: There were 2,232 prescription receipts analyzed, in which metronidazole (250 mg) was prescribed in 28% of the evaluated prescription receipts, the "pill" pharmaceutical form in 30.7%, and the "oral" administration form in 78.2%. In the prescriptions prescribed by nurses, 80.7% were intended for users with sexually transmitted infections. With the exception of the pharmaceutical form, only 34.7% of the prescriptions were in accordance with the Nursing protocol recommendations. There is still no information on the concentration (43.7%), the dosage (39.9%) and the treatment time (36.8%). CONCLUSION: The evaluated receipts of antimicrobial prescriptions do not accurately follow the guidelines of Resolution No. 20/2011, nor of the instituted Nursing protocol.

Humanization in urgent and emergency services: contributions to nursing care. / Humanização nos serviços de urgência e emergência: contribuições para o cuidado de enfermagem.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the evidence of researches carried out on humanization in urgent and emergency care, considering their contributions to nursing care. METHODS: Integrative review of LILACS, CINAHL, SciELO, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and BDENF databases, using the keywords: humanization of care, urgencies, emergencies, emergency medical services, and nursing. RESULTS: The search resulted in a total of 133 publications, of which 17 were included in the scope of this review. The analysis enabled the elaboration of the evidence units: 'Reception with Risk Classification: a device with good results' and 'Barriers and difficulties to use the guidelines of the National Humanization Policy'. CONCLUSION: The Reception with Risk Classification was evidenced as the main device for the effective implementation of the National Humanization Policy and there are barriers to its effectiveness related to the organization of health care networks, structural problems, and multi-professional work.

Training in diabetes education: meanings attributed by primary care nurses.

OBJECTIVE: seize meanings attributed by primary care nurses to training in diabetes education. METHOD: exploratory and descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, with twenty primary care nurses; semistructured interview script, with interviews processed in the IRaMuTeQ software and analyzed through the Descending Hierarchical Classification. The results were subsidized in the Representational Theory of Meaning. RESULTS: nurse training in diabetes education is insufficient for holistic action, although it allows the community to be instrumentalized in specific issues about the disease, using the limited tools available, especially lectures. Nurses find themselves in a context of challenges, improvisations, weaknesses, and limitations that determine the meaning attributed to diabetes education and subsequent actions. CONCLUSION: the meanings attributed by the nurses revealed an incipient training, which limits the quality of care provided and instigates the search for qualification.

Knowledge of healthcare professionals about breastfeeding and supplementary feeding.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the knowledge of breastfeeding (BF) and supplementary feeding (SF) of professionals in the Primary Health Care. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, with 168 professionals, conducted between June and September 2016. The Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare means of percentage of knowledge about BF and SF, by professional category and contingency testing, for association between variables. RESULTS: From the total of professionals, 39.29% of them demonstrated good knowledge about BF and 2.38% about SF; 74.4% of respondents reported not knowing the program Brazilian Breastfeeding and Feeding Strategy (EAAB - Estratégia Amamenta e Alimenta Brasil). There was a positive association between professionals' level of knowledge about BF and education (p=0.04), occupation (p=0.05) and healthcare in BF (p=0.04). Regarding the level of knowledge about SF, there was association between education (p<0.01) and healthcare in SF (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: The professionals have greater knowledge about breastfeeding when compared to supplementary feeding.

Epidemiological situation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related mortality in a municipality in northeastern Brazil. A retrospective cross-sectional study.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The number of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related deaths covers different segments of the population differently, making monitoring of this mortality essential. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological situation of AIDS-related mortality in a municipality in the northeastern region of Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cross-sectional study based on data from death certificates in the mortality information system of the Health Information Center, Municipal Health Foundation, Brazil. METHODS: Between 2003 and 2013, we investigated death certificates on which AIDS-related mortality was reported. Sociodemographic data, year, place, type of establishment where death occurred and underlying and associated causes that led to AIDS-related death were described. The Mann-Kendall test was used to verify the growth trend of the standardized mortality rate over the period studied. RESULTS: Among the 1,066 AIDS-related deaths, 69.7% were among men; 47.2% of the individuals were 28-41 years of age, 32.7% had had 4-7 years of schooling, 66.9% were pardos (mixed race), 55.7% were unmarried and 15.3% were housekeepers. Hospitals were the site of 97% of the deaths, and 91% occurred at public hospitals. Respiratory failure was the main cause of death. The prevalence of infectious and parasitic diseases was 99.0%. AIDS-related mortality increased by 160% over the period studied, from 5.5/100,000 inhabitants in 2003 to 14.3/100,000 in 2013. CONCLUSION: In the Brazilian municipality studied here, AIDS-related mortality was most prevalent among men and young adults of lower socioeconomic level. Over the period studied, the mortality rate increased.

Prevalence of photoprotection and its associated factors in risk group for skin cancer in Teresina, Piauí.

BACKGROUND:: The incidence of skin cancer has increased worldwide, particularly melanoma rates, which had a mean development of 2.6 % a year in the last 10 years. The agreement on the relation between long-term or chronic exposure to the sun and the emergence of these neoplasias has made several workers who perform activities exposed to solar radiation to form a risk group for the development of skin cancer, community health agents included. OBJECTIVES:: To analyze the prevalence of sunscreen-use-related factors to skin cancer in a labor risk group. METHODOLOGY:: Cross-sectional study with community health agents selected through simple random sampling. After collecting data using semi-structured interviews, a descriptive analysis was performed for the qualitative variables, bivariate analysis was employed for checking the association between sunscreen use and sociodemographic, occupational and knowledge about skin variables, and multivariate analysis was conducted to check independent variables associated to sunscreen use. A 5% significance level was used. RESULTS:: Of 261 health gents selected, 243 were able to participate in the study. The prevalence rate of sunscreen use was 34.2% (95% CI: 28.2-40.2). Factors associated with sunscreen use were female sex, advanced age, use of sunscreen in situations when the skin got burnt, knowledge of the negative effects of the sun on the skin and skin cancer history. CONCLUSIONS:: The prevalence found reveals that there is a need for implementing educational strategies in health services regarding photoprotection.

Construção e validação de jogo educativo sobre a infecção pelo papilomavírus humano / Elaboración y validación de juego educativo sobre la infección por el virus del papiloma humano / Construction and validation of a serious game about human papillomavirus infection

Resumo Objetivo Descrever o processo de construção e validação de um jogo educativo para a prevenção da infecção causada pelo papilomavírus humano. Métodos Estudo metodológico que seguiu as etapas: conceituação, pré-produção, prototipagem, produção e avaliação de especialistas. Para a conceituação e pré-produção desenvolveu-se uma revisão integrativa, que gerou demandas de conhecimento, categorizadas e usadas na produção do protótipo. Na avaliação de especialistas, participaram 13 para análise do conteúdo e sete para design, que responderam instrumentos distintos. Os dados foram analisados quanto ao escore do Suitability Assessment of Materials e Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Resultados Desenvolveu-se um jogo educativo baseado nas lacunas de conhecimento da população identificadas na literatura, denominado roleta digital. Os especialistas de conteúdo consideraram que a tecnologia desenvolvida possui potencial para a educação em saúde e prevenção das formas de adoecimento pelo papilomavírus humano. Na avaliação da aparência, os especialistas de design consideraram satisfatórios a compreensibilidade e qualidade da interface. Conclusão A roleta digital apresentou evidências de validade de conteúdo satisfatórias. As recomendações dos especialistas aprimoraram o conteúdo e aparência, possibilitando a mediação das atividades educativas.

Resumen Objetivo Describir el proceso de elaboración y validación de un juego educativo para la prevención de la infección causada por el virus del papiloma humano Métodos Estudio metodológico que siguió las siguientes etapas: conceptualización, preproducción, creación de prototipo, producción y evaluación de especialistas. Para la conceptualización y preproducción, se llevó a cabo una revisión integradora que generó demandas de conocimiento, que fueron categorizadas y utilizadas en la producción del prototipo. En la evaluación de especialistas, participaron 13 personas para el análisis de contenido y siete para el diseño, que respondieron distintos instrumentos. Los datos fueron analizados respecto a la puntuación del Suitability Assessment of Materials y del Índice de Validez de Contenido. Resultados Se desarrolló un juego educativo denominado ruleta digital, basado en los vacíos de conocimiento de la población identificados en la literatura. Los especialistas de contenido consideraron que la tecnología desarrollada posee potencial para la educación para la salud y la prevención de formas de contraer el virus del papiloma humano. En la evaluación de la apariencia, los especialistas en diseño consideraron satisfactorias la comprensibilidad y calidad de la interfaz. Conclusión La ruleta digital presentó evidencias de validez de contenido satisfactorias. Las recomendaciones de los especialistas mejoraron el contenido y la apariencia, lo que permitió la mediación de las actividades educativas.

Abstract Objective To describe the process of construction and validation of a serious game for the prevention of infection caused by human papillomavirus. Methods This is a methodological study that followed the steps: conceptualization, pre-production, prototyping, production and expert assessment. For conceptualization and pre-production, an integrative review was developed, which generated demands for knowledge, categorized and used in the prototype production. In an expert assessment, 13 participated for content analysis and seven for design, who answered different instruments. Data were analyzed for the score of Suitability Assessment of Materials and Content Validity Index. Results A serious game was developed based on gaps in population's knowledge identified in the literature, called electronic roulette. Content experts considered that the technology developed has potential for health education and prevention of forms of illness caused by the human papillomavirus. For assessing appearance, design experts found the understandability and quality of the interface satisfactory. Conclusion Electronic roulette presented satisfactory evidence of content validity. The recommendations of the experts improved the content and appearance, enabling the mediation of educational activities.

Calidad de vida en el trabajo y salud pública: Estructura dimensional de una escala / Quality of Life at Work and Public Health: Dimensional Structure of a Scale / Qualidade de vida no trabalho e saúde pública: Estrututura dimensional de uma escala

OBJETIVO: Analizar la estructura dimensional de una escala de calidad de vida en el trabajo, utilizada en empleados de empresas privadas, con el objetivo de ampliar su alcance de uso. MÉTODO: Estudio metodológico y cuantitativo para analizar la estructura dimensional de una escala de calidad de vida en el trabajo con trabajadores de empresas privadas en la ciudad de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. La escala tiene 48 ítems con respuestas en una escala Likert, con 5 puntos que van desde "totalmente de acuerdo" hasta "totalmente en desacuerdo". Los datos fueron recopilados por asistentes de investigación debidamente capacitados. El análisis factorial exploratorio y el análisis factorial confirmatorio se realizaron para verificar la estructura dimensional de la escala. RESULTADOS: 2380 personas participaron, 52.6% (1251) del género femenino, solteras 50.2% (1195) y habiendo completado la escuela secundaria 31.7% (754). El Alfa de Cronbach con los 48 ítems fue 0.954. La prueba de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin fue mayor que 0.7 y la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett mostró significación estadística. Los ítems fueron excluidos: P8; P13; P15; P19; P24; P30; y P39. El análisis factorial exploratorio identificó ocho factores, con un 60,4% de la varianza total explicada. En el análisis del ajuste del modelo, los resultados fueron insatisfactorios. Se eliminaron las variables P7, P14 y P44. El nuevo modelo propuesto presentó resultados adecuados para todos los criterios: GFI = 0.943; CFI = 0.957; CMIN / DF = 4,369; y RMSEA = 0,038. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados del nuevo modelo (ajustado) mostraron que la escala es confiable y válida para ser utilizada en el contexto del sector privado

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the dimensional structure of a scale of quality of life at work, used in employees of private companies, aiming at expanding its scope of use. METHOD: Methodological and quantitative study to analyze the dimensional structure of a quality of life scale at work with workers from private companies in the city of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. The scale has 48 items with responses on a Likert scale, with 5 points ranging from "totally agree" to "totally disagree". The data were collected by properly trained research assistants. Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were performed to verify the dimensional structure of the scale. RESULTS: 2380 people participated, 52.6% (1251) of the female gender, single 50.2% (1195) and having completed high school 31.7% (754). Cronbach's Alpha with the 48 items was 0.954. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test was greater than 0.7 and the Bartlett sphericity test showed statistical significance. The items were excluded: P8; P13; P15; P19; P24; P30; and P39. The exploratory factor analysis identified eight factors, with 60.4% of the explained total variance. In the analysis of the model's fit, the results were unsatisfactory. Variables P7, P14 and P44 were removed. The proposed new model presented adequate results for all criteria: GFI = 0.943; CFI = 0.957; CMIN / DF = 4,369; and RMSEA = 0.038. CONCLUSION: The results of the new (adjusted) model showed that the scale is reliable and valid to be used in the context of the private sector

OBJETIVO: Analisar a estrutura dimensional de uma escala de qualidade de vida no trabalho, utilizada em empregados de empresas privadas, visando a expansão do seu escopo de utilização. MÉTODO: Estudo metodológico e quantitativo para analisar a estrutura dimensional de uma escala de qualidade de vida no trabalho com trabalhadores de empresas privadas da cidade de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. A escala possui 48 itens com respostas em escala tipo likert possuindo 5 pontos que variam de "concordo totalmente" para "discordo totalmente". Os dados foram coletados por assistentes de pesquisa devidamente treinados. Foram realizadas Análise Fatorial Exploratória e Análise Fatorial Confirmatória para verificar a estrutura dimensional da escala. RESULTADOS: Participaram 2380 pessoas, 52,6% (1251) do gênero feminino, solteiras 50,2% (1195) e com ensino médio completo 31,7% (754). O Alfa de Cronbach com os 48 itens foi 0,954. O teste de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin foi superior a 0,7 e o teste de esfericidade de Bartlett apresentou significância estatística. Foram excluídos os itens: P8; P13; P15; P19; P24; P30; e P39. A análise fatorial exploratória identificou oito fatores, com 60,4% da variância total explicada. Na análise do ajuste do modelo os resultados foram insatisfatórios. Foram retiradas as variáveis P7, P14 e P44. O novo modelo proposto apresentou resultados adequados para todos os critérios: GFI = 0,943; CFI = 0,957; CMIN/DF = 4,369; e RMSEA = 0,038. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do modelo novo (ajustado) evidenciaram que a escala é confiável e válida para ser usada em contexto do setor privado

Elaboração e validação de um álbum seriado para prevenção do pé diabético / Elaboración y validación de una guía didáctica para la prevención del pie diabético / Development and Validation of an Educational Guide for the Prevention of Diabetic Foot Complications

Introdução: as tecnologias educacionais proporcionam conhecimento de forma mais interativa e promoção da saúde à comunidade, contribuindo para a construção do saber dos seus usuários. Contudo, ainda são pouco utilizadas para as pessoas com diabetes mellitus. Objetivo: elaborar e validar o conteúdo e aparência de um álbum seriado sobre prevenção do pé diabético para utilização por profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Materiais e Métodos: estudo metodológico. Os dados foram coletados de agosto a setembro de 2018 e ocorreu por meio do envio de instrumentos de avaliação de validação, via e-mail, para especialistas selecionados na Plataforma Lattes. Para análise dos dados, foi utilizado o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) com valor mínimo estabelecido de 0,78. Resultados: participaram sete especialistas com experiência em educação em saúde, tecnologias educacionais e/ou diabetes mellitus. Em relação aos objetivos, estrutura, apresentação e relevância, todos os itens apresentaram IVC global de 0,96. Conclusão: o álbum seriado foi considerado válido pelos especialistas e uma tecnologia capaz de auxiliar o profissional de saúde no rastreio do pé em risco da pessoa com diabetes mellitus.

Introduction: Educational technology provides knowledge in a more interactive way to promote health in the community, which contributes to the construction of knowledge among users. However, these technologies have not been targeted to people with diabetes mellitus. Objective: To develop and validate the content and design of an educational guide on the prevention of diabetic foot complications to be used by Primary Healthcare professionals. Materials and Methods: A methodological study was conducted through data collection between August and September 2018 by sending assessment and validation instruments by email to selected specialists in the Lattes platform. The Content Validity Index (CVI) with a minimum value of 0.78 was used for data analysis. Results: Seven specialists with experience in health education, educational technology and/or diabetes mellitus were involved. In terms of objectives, structure, presentation and relevance, all topics had an overall CVI of 0.96. Conclusions: The experts validated the educational guide as a tool that would help health professionals during foot exams in people with diabetes mellitus.

Introducción: A través de las tecnologías educativas, se proporcionan conocimientos de una manera más interactiva para promover la salud en la comunidad, lo que contribuye a la construcción de conocimiento entre sus usuarios. Sin embargo, estas tecnologías no se han orientado a las personas con diabetes mellitus. Objetivo: Desarrollar y validar el contenido y el diseño de una guía didáctica sobre la prevención del pie diabético para su uso por parte de los profesionales de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio metodológico a través de la recolección de datos entre agosto y septiembre de 2018 mediante el envío de instrumentos de evaluación y validación por correo electrónico a especialistas seleccionados en la plataforma Lattes. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el Índice de Validez del Contenido (IVC) con un valor mínimo establecido de 0.78. Resultados: Se contó con la participación de siete especialistas con experiencia en educación sanitaria, tecnologías educativas y/o diabetes mellitus. En cuanto a los objetivos, la estructura, la presentación y la pertinencia, todos los temas presentaron un IVC global de 0.96. Conclusiones: Los expertos consideraron que la guía didáctica era válida, además de ser una herramienta que ayudaría al profesional de la salud durante el examen de pie en personas con diabetes mellitus.

Saúde do homem na atenção básica sob o olhar de profissionais de enfermagem / Men's health in primary care under the gaze of nursing professionals / La salud del hombre en la atención primaria bajo la mirada de los profesionales de enfermería

Objetivo: Descrever o olhar de profissionais de enfermagem em relação à saúde do homem na atenção básica. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo realizado com 20 profissionais de enfermagem das Unidades Básica de Saúde de um município piauiense. Para a produção dos dados, utilizou-se de entevistas semiestruturadas, transcritas e processadas, posteriormente, no software IraMuTeQ. Para o exame dos dados utilizou-se da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: Identificaram-se seis ideias centrais que revelaram o medo da descoberta de doenças pode ocasionar problemas na inserção do homem nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde; o machismo como o desencadeador da pouca procura do homem pelos serviços de atenção básica; as barreiras para a inserção do homem nos serviços de saúde; o atendimento da equipe de enfermagem na adequação do tempo para a prestação de assistência ao homem; as atividades de prevenção realizadas pelos profissionais de enfermagem para redução de danos à saúde do homem e a importância das estratégias educativas na atenção básica voltadas à saúde do homem. Conclusão: As ações de cuidado de enfermagem devem ser voltadas, inicialmente, à inserção do homem como protagonista do cuidado em saúde, levando-se em consideração suas particularidades. (AU)

Objective: To describe the view of nursing professionals in relation to men's health in primary care. Methods: Qualitative study carried out with 20 nursing professionals from the Basic Health Units of a municipality in Piauí. To produce the data, semi-structured interviews were used, transcribed, and later processed using the IraMuTeQ software. To examine the data, we used the Collective Subject Discourse technique. Results: Six central ideas were identified that revealed the fear of the discovery of diseases can cause problems in the insertion of men in Basic Health Units; machismo as the trigger for man's low demand for primary care services; barriers to the inclusion of men in health services; the assistance of the nursing team in adapting the time to provide assistance to men; the prevention activities carried out by nursing professionals to reduce damage to men's health and the importance of educational strategies in primary care focused on men's health. Conclusion: The actions of nursing care should be directed, initially, to the insertion of men as protagonists of health care, considering their particularities. (AU)

Objetivo: Describir la opinión de los profesionales de enfermería en relación con la salud del hombre en atención primaria. Método: Estudio cualitativo realizado con 20 profesionales de enfermería de las Unidades Básicas de Salud de un municipio de Piauí. Para la producción de los datos, se utilizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, transcritas y luego procesadas utilizando el software IraMuTeQ. Para examinar los datos, utilizamos la técnica del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Resultados: Se identificaron seis ideas centrales que revelaron que el temor al descubrimiento de enfermedades puede causar problemas en la inserción de los hombres en las Unidades Básicas de Salud; machismo como desencadenante de la baja demanda del hombre de servicios de atención primaria; barreras para la inclusión de hombres en los servicios de salud; la asistencia del equipo de enfermería para adaptar el tiempo para brindar asistencia a los hombres; las actividades de prevención llevadas a cabo por profesionales de enfermería para reducir el daño a la salud masculina y la importancia de las estrategias educativas en atención primaria centradas en la salud masculina. Conclusión: Las acciones del cuidado de enfermería deben dirigirse, inicialmente, a la inserción de los hombres como protagonistas del cuidado de la salud, teniendo en cuenta sus particularidades. (AU)

Knowledge, attitude and practices of biomedicine students on the papanicolaou exam

Cervical cancer is the second type of cancer that most affects women, considered a serious public health problem, however it can be detected and treated early through the Pap smear. This research aimed to analyze the knowledge, attitude and practices of biomedicine students on the Pap smear. A cross-sectional study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP), applied with 108 students, was carried out at a Higher Education Institution in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. The data were collected through the months of February and March of 2018 with the application of a questionnaire. Statistical analysis was descriptive in terms of absolute and relative frequencies. Knowledge 72 (66.6%) and attitude 76 (70.3%) presented adequate levels regarding the examination. As for the practice, the percentage of suitability was of 37 academics (34.2%) relatively not adequate. It was concluded that the students had adequate knowledge and attitude, but an inadequate practice, and the Papanicolaou test is required for the early screening and prevention of cervical cancer.

Survey on the risk factors for cervical cancer known by biomedicine students

The development of cervical cancer is related with human papillomavirus infection with greater intensity the subtypes 16 and 18. Considering that the lifestyle of women influences the development of this cancer, this study aimed to perform a survey on the risk factors for cervical cancer known by biomedicine students. Descriptive and exploratory research, with a quantitative approach was performed with 101 biomedical undergraduates. Data were collected from February to March 2018 through a questionnaire and analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Science program. Students in the age group of 18 to 24 years old (89.11%), single (93.07%), with family income between two and three minimum wages prevailed (43.56%). It also showed that participants started their sexual life early (average 16 years old), had more than one sexual partner throughout their lives, had no relation to smoking (100%), most were not alcohol consumers (66%), did not take the Papanicolaou preventive exam (61.39%), did not practice physical activity (55.45%) and had a low frequency in the use of condoms during sexual intercourse (22.08%). It is concluded that there is a need for educational campaigns in Higher Education Institutions, which provide more information about the prevention of Cervical Cancer and the prevention of associated risk factors.

Knowledge and practice related to the pap smear test among cytopathologists

Cervical cancer is the third most common type of cancer amongst women, compared to other neoplasms, with a higher potential for prevention, slow evolution, and has a simple and effective screening test in its detection, cure when diagnosed early. The routine examination in Brazil for the prevention of this type of cancer is the Pap smear test. This study aimed to reveal the knowledge and practice regarding the Pap smear test among cytopathologists. A descriptive and exploratory research, a qualitative approach, performed with 21 cytopathologists, by e-mailing a data collection instrument, from March to April 2018. Data were treated using the Hierarchical Descending Classification in IraMuTeQ software and analyzed by the Discourse of the Collective Subject. The construction of the results was carried out based on aspects of the knowledge of the cytopathologists about the Pap smear, related to the importance of the completion of the post-graduation for its accomplishment, and aspects of cytopathologists practice regarding the relevance of performing the early diagnosis of cervical cancer. We conclude on the need to reorganize the activities in the work process of the health professionals involved in the Pap smear.

Estrés y depresión en docentes de una institución pública de enseñanza / Estresse e depressão em docentes de uma instituição pública de ensino / Stress and depression in teachers from a public education institution

OBJETIVOS: Analizar la presencia de estrés y signos indicativos de depresión en docentes de una institución pública de enseñanza. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio analítico, realizado con 163 docentes de una institución pública de enseñanza. Se aplicó Escala de estrés percibido-EEP e inventario de depresión de Beck-IDB. RESULTADOS: De los 163 participantes, 108 (66,3%) eran del género masculino, 64 (39,3%) con rango de edad de 30 a 39 años, 79 (48,5%) tenían una renta salarial de más de 15 salarios (en el caso de las mujeres). La mayoría presentó título de maestro, 84 (51,5%). Se identificaron niveles mínimos de estrés en hombres, 73 (67,0%) y 34 (63,0%) en mujeres. 87 (79,8%) mujeres y 35 (64,8%) hombres presentaron un nivel de depresión mínima. Hubo diferencias significativas en los escores de estrés y depresión entre los sexos. Se observó una correlación positiva moderada entre las escalas. CONCLUSIÓN: Los docentes con niveles mínimo y leve están sujetos a presentar estrés y depresión, mereciendo atención por parte de las instituciones

OBJETIVOS: Analisar a presença de estresse e sinais indicativos de depressão em docentes de uma instituição pública de ensino. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Estudo analítico, realizado com 163 docentes de uma instituição pública de ensino. Aplicou-se Escala de Estresse Percebido-EEP e Inventário de Depressão de Beck-IDB. RESULTADOS: Dos 163 participantes, 108 (66,3%) eram do gênero masculino, 64 (39,3%) com faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos, 79 (48,5%) tinham uma renda salarial de mais de 15 salários mínimos, 80 (49,1%) referiram cor parda. A maioria apresentou título de mestre, 84 (51,5%). Identificaram-se níveis mínimos de estresse em homens, 73 (67,0%) e 34 (63,0%) em mulheres. 87 (79,8%) mulheres e 35 (64,8%) homens apresentaram nível de depressão mínima. Houve diferença significativa nos escores de estresse e depressão entre os sexos. Observou-se uma correlação positiva moderada entre as escalas. CONCLUSÃO: Os docentes com níveis mínimo e leve estão sujeitos a apresentarem estresse e depressão, merecendo atenção por parte das instituições

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the presence of stress and signs indicative of depression in teachers of a public educational institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An analytical study was conducted with 163 teachers from a public educational institution. The Perceived Stress Scale-EEP and Beck-IDB Depression Inventory were applied. RESULTS: Of the 163 participants, 108 (66.3%) were males, 64 (39.3%) were between 30 and 39 years of age, 79 (48.5%) had a wage income of more than 15 wages minimum, 80 (49.1%) reported brown color. The majority had a master's degree, 84 (51.5%). Minimal levels of stress were identified in men, 73 (67.0%) and 34 (63.0%) in women. 87 (79.8%) women and 35 (64.8%) men had minimal depression. There was a significant difference in the stress and depression scores between the sexes. There was a moderate positive correlation between the scales. CONCLUSION: Teachers with minimal and light levels are subject to stress and depression, deserving attention from the institutions

Atividades dos cuidadores de idosos em uma instituição de longa permanência / Caregivers' activities at a long-stay institution for the elderly / Actividades de los cuidadores de idiomas en una institución de larga permanencia

Objetivo: Analisar as atividades realizadas pelos cuidadores de idosos de uma instituição de longa permanência. Método: Pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, realizada em uma Instituição de longa Permanência para Idosos no município de Teresina-PI, com 12 cuidadores de idosos, de fevereiro a março de 2017, por meio de uma entrevista semi-estruturada. Resultados: Após a análise temática foi possível destacar duas categorias: Atividades em relação às necessidades humanas básicas e a sobrecarga dos cuidadores na realização das atividades com os idosos. Conclusão: As ações realizadas não correspondem às atividades além do cuidado. Embora alguns cuidadores se referem fazer algumas brincadeiras, danças e jogos, essas são consideradas como algo não habitual. Há um contratempo, pois as atividades levam a estes a uma sobrecarga de trabalho, mudanças de humor, dificuldades na adaptação, dependência total, tornando assim uma barreira para execução das mesmas

Objective: The study's purpose has been to analyze the activities performed by long-stay institution caregivers. Methods: It is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach, which was performed at a long-stay philanthropic institution for the elderly located in the East of Teresina city, Piauí State. A total of 12 randomly selected elderly caregivers have participated of the study. Data collection took place from February to March 2017 through semi-structured interviews. Results: Based on the thematic analysis, it was possible to underline two categories, as follows: Activities concerning basic human needs; and, The caregivers' overload due to elderly-related activities. Conclusion: The actions taken do not go beyond the caring activities. Although some caregivers mention doing some plays, dances, and games, those actions are considered unusual, because not everyone does it. There is a setback, because the activities lead such professionals to work overload, mood swings, adaptation difficulties, total dependency, then becoming a barrier to its own execution

Objetivo: Analizar las actividades realizadas por los cuidadores de ancianos de una institución de larga permanencia. Método: Investigación descriptiva con abordaje cualitativo, realizada en una Institución de larga permanencia para ancianos en el municipio de Teresina-PI, con 12 cuidadores de ancianos, de febrero a marzo de 2017, a través de una entrevista semiestructurada. Resultados: Después del análisis temático fue posible destacar dos categorías: Actividades en relación a las necesidades humanas básicas y la sobrecarga de los cuidadores en la realización de las actividades con los ancianos. Conclusión: Las acciones realizadas no corresponden a las actividades más allá del cuidado. Aunque algunos cuidadores se refieren a hacer algunas bromas, danzas y juegos, esas son consideradas como algo no habitual. Hay un contratiempo, pues las actividades llevan a éstos a una sobrecarga de trabajo, cambios de humor, dificultades en la adaptación, dependencia total, haciendo así una barrera para ejecución de las mismas

Primary care mental health: nurses' activities in the psychosocial care network / Salud mental en la atención primária: actuación del enfermero en la red de atención psicosocial / Saúde mental na atenção básica: atuação do enfermeiro na rede de atenção psicossocial

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe and analyze the role of expert nurses in mental health in the Family Health Strategy. Method: a qualitative study, with 20 Basic Health Units nurses of Teresina, Piauí. The information was collected through semi-structured interviews from March to May 2017 and analyzed using the content analysis method. Results: it was found that the conceptions of the mental health disease process were based on the biological model, there was little communication between mental health and basic network, nurses did not feel qualified to work mental health and there were few mental health actions in Primary Care. Final considerations: it becomes urgent to implement public policies that articulate mental health and Primary Care, raising awareness and continuing education for nurses.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir y analizar la actuación del enfermero en salud mental en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. Método: estudio cualitativo, con 20 enfermeros que actúan en las Unidades Básicas de Salud de la Familia de la ciudad de Teresina, Piauí. Las informaciones fueron recolectadas por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas en el período de marzo a mayo de 2017 y analizadas por el método de análisis de contenido. Resultados: se constató que las concepciones del proceso salud enfermedad mental estuvieron fundamentadas en el modelo biológico, que había poca comunicación entre salud mental y red básica, que los enfermeros no se sentían capacitados para trabajar salud mental, que había pocas acciones de salud mental en la salud Atención Primaria. Consideraciones finales: se vuelve urgente la efectividad de políticas públicas que articulen la salud mental y la Atención Primaria, la sensibilización y la formación continuada de los enfermeros.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever e analisar a atuação do enfermeiro especialista em saúde mental na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Método: estudo qualitativo, com 20 enfermeiros que atuam nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família de Teresina, Piauí. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas no período de março a maio de 2017 e analisadas pelo método de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: constatou-se que as concepções do processo saúde doença mental estiveram fundamentadas no modelo biológico, havia pouca comunicabilidade entre saúde mental e rede básica, os enfermeiros não se sentiam capacitados para trabalhar saúde mental e havia poucas ações de saúde mental na Atenção Básica. Considerações finais: torna-se urgente a efetivação de políticas públicas que articulem a saúde mental e Atenção Básica, a sensibilização e a formação continuada dos enfermeiros.

Violência obstétrica: a abordagem da temática na formação de enfermeiros obstétricos / Violencia obstétrica: el enfoque de la temática en la formación de enfermeros obstétricos / Obstetric violence: theme approach in the training of Certified Nurse-Midwives

Resumo Objetivo: Construir o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo de Enfermeiros pós-graduandos em Enfermagem Obstétrica sobre a violência obstétrica. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em um Centro Universitário em Teresina-PI. Participaram 20 Enfermeiros, pós-graduandos em Enfermagem Obstétrica. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas guiadas a partir de questionário semiestruturado. Os dados foram processados no software IraMuTeQ, utilizando a Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, e analisados pela Técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: Mediante a Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, obtiveram-se seis classes das quais emergiram os discursos. Foi possível ratificar a importância da formação do Enfermeiro diante da violência obstétrica. As principais expressões-chave identificadas nos discursos foram: formação acadêmica, conhecimento na prática educativa, assistência de qualidade, descasos científicos, tecnológicos e humanísticos, fortalecimento do modelo assistencial, planejamento estratégico no setor saúde, base humanista e olhar clínico do profissional. Conclusão: Por meio do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, foi possível observar, parcialmente, a importância da formação dos Enfermeiros, visto que possibilitam a contribuição de cuidado integral, corroborando para um processo fisiológico, que pode reduzir a violência obstétrica.

Resumen Objetivo: Construir el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo de enfermeros estudiantes de posgrado en Enfermería Obstétrica sobre la violencia obstétrica. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de enfoque cualitativo, realizado en un Centro Universitario en Teresina, estado de Piauí. Participaron 20 enfermeros estudiantes de posgrado en Enfermería Obstétrica. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas guiadas a partir de un cuestionario semiestructurado. Los datos fueron procesados en el software IraMuTeQ, mediante la clasificación jerárquica descendente, y analizados con la técnica del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Resultados: Mediante la clasificación jerárquica descendente, se obtuvieron seis clases de las cuales surgieron los discursos. Fue posible ratificar la importancia de la formación del enfermero con relación a la violencia obstétrica. Las principales expresiones clave identificadas en los discursos fueron: formación académica, conocimiento en la práctica educativa, atención de calidad, indiferencia científica, tecnológica y humanística, fortalecimiento del modelo asistencial, planificación estratégica en el sector de la salud, base humanista y mirada clínica del profesional. Conclusión: A través del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo, fue posible observar, parcialmente, la importancia de la formación de los enfermeros, ya que permiten contribuir con el cuidado integral, corroborando un proceso fisiológico que puede reducir la violencia obstétrica.

Abstract Objective: To construct the Discourse of the Collective Subject of graduate nurses in obstetric nursing on obstetric violence. Methods: This is a descriptive and qualitative study carried out at a University Center in Teresina, PI. Twenty nurses participated, graduate students in obstetric nursing. Data collection took place through guided interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data were processed using the software IraMuTeQ and the Descending Hierarchical Classification. The data were analyzed using the Discourse of the Collective Subject technique. Results: Through the Descending Hierarchical Classification, six classes were obtained from which the speeches emerged. It was possible to confirm the importance of training nurses in the face of obstetric violence. The main key expressions identified in the speeches were academic training, knowledge in educational practice, quality assistance, scientific, technological and humanistic mismatches, strengthening of the care model, strategic planning in the health sector, humanist base and professional clinical view. Conclusion: Through the Discourse of the Collective Subject, it was possible to partially observe the importance of training nurses, since they enable the contribution of comprehensive care, corroborating a physiological process, which can reduce obstetric violence.

Experiências das mães no cuidado ao recém-nascido prematuro no método canguru / Experiencia de madres en el cuidado de recién nacidos prematuros utilizando el método canguro / Mothers' experiences in caring for premature newborn in the kangaroo method

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever experiências das mães no cuidado ao recém-nascido prematuro no método canguru. Método: estudo descritivo exploratório, de natureza qualitativa, realizado em uma maternidade pública de Teresina-PI, região nordeste do Brasil. A coleta, com mães entre 18 e 45 anos, ocorreu em agosto e setembro de 2018. Os dados foram analisados pelo Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: os relatos das mães deram origem a cinco ideias centrais: Cuidados das mães com o recém-nascido no método canguru; Método Canguru: benefícios para o bebê; Facilidades vivenciadas pelas mães no método canguru; Dificuldades no método canguru vivenciadas pelas mães; A relação do vínculo afetivo mãe/filho no método canguru. Conclusão: a vivência no método canguru possibilita a construção do vínculo afetivo, favorece o crescimento e desenvolvimento do bebê, proporciona segurança e autonomia à mãe na consolidação do cuidado. No entanto, as mães apontaram dificuldades relacionadas aos cuidados com o recém-nascido.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: describir experiencias de las madres en el cuidado de sus hijos recién nacidos prematuros con el método madre canguro. Método: estudio descriptivo exploratorio, de enfoque cualitativo, realizado en una maternidad pública de Teresina, PI, región nordeste de Brasil. La recolección de datos, con madres de 18 a 45 años, se llevó a cabo entre agosto y septiembre de 2018. El análisis de datos se realizó a la luz del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Resultados: los testimonios de las madres dieron origen a cinco ideas centrales: Cuidados de las madres con sus hijo recién nacido bajo el método canguro; Método Madre Canguro: beneficios para el bebé; Facilidades que advierten las madres en el uso del método canguro; Dificultades que experimentan las madres en el método canguro; Dificultades que atraviesan las madres en el método canguro; La relación madre/hijo en el método canguro. Conclusión: la experiencia del método madre canguro permite la construcción de un vínculo afectivo, favorece el crecimiento y el desarrollo del bebé y transmite seguridad a la madre en la consolidación del cuidado. Sin embargo, las madres señalaron dificultades vinculadas a los cuidados del recién nacido.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe mothers' experiences in caring for the premature newborn in the kangaroo method. Method: exploratory descriptive study, of qualitative nature, carried out in a public maternity hospital in Teresina-PI, northeast region of Brazil. Data collection, with mothers between 18 and 45 years old, took place in August and September 2018. The data were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse. Results: the mothers' reports established five central ideas: Care of mothers with the newborn in the kangaroo method; Kangaroo Method: benefits for the baby; Facilities experienced by mothers in the kangaroo method; Difficulties in the kangaroo method experienced by mothers; The relationship of the mother/child bond in the kangaroo method. Conclusion: the experience in the kangaroo method enables the construction of the affective bond, favors the baby's growth and development, provides confidence and autonomy to the mother in the consolidation of care. However, mothers pointed out difficulties related to the care of the newborn.