Assessment of the foot-and-mouth disease surveillance system in Brazil.

In 2021, the 88th General Session of the World Assembly of National Delegates to the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) recognized the estates of Acre, Paraná, the Rio Grande do Sul, and Rondônia as being free of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) without vaccination. The certification was also extended to some cities in Amazonas and Mato Grosso. The new national strategic plan for 2026, which focuses on creating and maintaining sustainable conditions to expand FMD-free zones without vaccination, imposes new challenges and requires continuous evaluation of the FMD surveillance system. The objective of this research was to evaluate the FMD surveillance system in Brazil using quantitative models through Bayesian network approaches. The research was conducted using the Continental Surveillance and Information System (SivCont) database for Official Veterinary Services in Brazil, which refers to notified vesicular syndromes. The data on states, reported diseases, source of notification, disease confirmation, and timeliness (TL in days) of the delay by owners in notifying (TL.1) after a suspected case of the disease, and the response of Brazilian Veterinary Services after being notified (TL.2), were analysed. The collected data were analysed using Bayesian networks. It was observed that diseases with symptoms identical to FMD are the most notified events. TL.1 was long (mean of 18.96, CI: 18.33-19.59), and a low number of notifications was observed throughout the study period, which increases the chances of disseminating FMD in the population. Meanwhile, TL.2 suggests appropriate effectiveness of the Veterinary Services responding to suspected cases of FMD with interventions in less than 24 h (mean of 1, CI: 0.68-1.31). This study evaluated the performance of Brazilian Veterinary Services facing the report of vesicular diseases in the period 2004-2018. The results can help the states improve the surveillance system and the transition to the vaccination stop. Furthermore, the analytical method presented in the paper could serve as a model for other countries to evaluate the effectiveness of FMD surveillance systems.

Soroprevalência da infecção por lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes em abatedouros do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil / Seroprevalence small ruminant lentiviruses in the state of Pernambuco slaughterhouses, Brazil

A soroprevalência da infecção por lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes (LVPR) foi determinada em amostras de soros sanguíneos de caprinos e ovinos de aptidão cárnea provenientes de abatedouros de dez municípios do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. O diagnóstico sorológico ocorreu por meio da imunodifusão em gel de agarose (micro-IDGA) com antígenos dos vírus artrite encefalite caprina (CAE)/Maedi-Visna. Entre as 369 amostras de caprinos, 7(1,89%) (0,8-3,9%) eram soropositivas, e, entre as 383 de ovinos, 1 (0,26%) (0,0-1,4%) estava infectada. Os 7 caprinos soropositivos procederam dos abatedouros públicos dos municípios de Gravatá (n=2), Sertânia (n=4) e Timbaúba (n=1), e o ovino soropositivo veio do abatedouro público de Serra Talhada. A soroprevalência da infecção por LVPR em pequenos ruminantes oriundos de abatedouros do estado de Pernambuco, de 1,06% (8/752), é considerada baixa.(AU)

The prevalence of lentivirus infection of small ruminants (LVPR) was determined in samples of serum from goats and sheep in slaughterhouses from ten districts of Pernambuco State. The serological test was used in agarose gel immunodiffusion (AGID) with antigen caprine arthritis and encephalitis virus (CAE)/Maedi Visna virus. Among the 369 blood serum samples of goats examined, seven (1.89%) (0.8-3.9%) were seropositive, and among the 383 sheep samples examined, just one (0.26%) (0.0-1.4%) was infected. The seven seropositive goats came from public slaughterhouses from Gravatá (n=2), Sertânia (n=4) and Timbaúba (n=1), and the soropositive sheep was from a public slaughterhouse of Serra Talhada. The soroprevalence of LVPR infection in small ruminants from Pernambuco's slaughterhouses, of 1.06% (8/752), is considered low.(AU)