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1.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin ; 41(1): 11-17, 2023 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36619362

RESUMO

Introduction: The state of alarm was declared in Spain due to the COVID-19 epidemic on March 14, 2020, and established population confinement measures. The objective is to describe the process of lifting these mitigation measures. Methods: The Plan for the Transition to a New Normality, approved on April 28, contained four sequential phases with progressive increase in socio-economic activities and population mobility. In parallel, a new strategy for early diagnosis, surveillance and control was implemented. A bilateral decision mechanism was established between the Spanish Government and the autonomous communities (AC), guided by a set of qualitative and quantitative indicators capturing the epidemiological situation and core capacities. The territorial units were established ad-hoc and could be from Basic Health Zones to entire AC. Results: The process run from May 4 to June 21, 2020. AC implemented plans for reinforcement of core capacities. Incidence decreased from a median (50% of territories) of 7.4 per 100,000 in 7 days at the beginning to 2.5 at the end. Median PCR testing increased from 53% to 89% of suspected cases and PCR total capacity from 4.5 to 9.8 per 1000 inhabitants weekly; positivity rate decreased from 3.5% to 1.8%. Median proportion of cases with traced contacts increased from 82% to 100%. Conclusion: Systematic data collection, analysis, and interterritorial dialogue allowed adequate process control. The epidemiological situation improved but, mostly, the process entailed a great reinforcement of core response capacities nation-wide, under common criteria. Maintaining and further reinforcing capacities remained crucial for responding to future waves.


Introducción: El 14 de marzo de 2020 España declaró el estado de alarma por la pandemia por COVID-19 incluyendo medidas de confinamiento. El objetivo es describir el proceso de desescalada de estas medidas. Métodos: Un plan de transición hacia una nueva normalidad, del 28 de abril, incluía 4 fases secuenciales incrementando progresivamente las actividades socioeconómicas y la movilidad. Concomitantemente, se implementó una nueva estrategia de diagnóstico precoz, vigilancia y control. Se estableció un mecanismo de decisión bilateral entre Gobierno central y comunidades autónomas (CCAA), guiado por un panel de indicadores cualitativos y cuantitativos de la situación epidemiológica y las capacidades básicas. Las unidades territoriales evaluadas comprendían desde zonas básicas de salud hasta CCAA. Resultados: El proceso se extendió del 4 de mayo al 21 de junio y se asoció a planes de refuerzo de las capacidades en las CCAA. La incidencia disminuyó de una mediana inicial de 7,4 por 100.000 en 7 días a 2,5 al final del proceso. La mediana de pruebas PCR aumentó del 53% al 89% de los casos sospechosos, y la capacidad total de 4,5 a 9,8 pruebas semanales por 1.000 habitantes; la positividad disminuyó del 3,5% al 1,8%. La mediana de casos con contactos trazados aumentó del 82% al 100%. Conclusión: La recogida y análisis sistemático de información y el diálogo interterritorial logaron un adecuado control del proceso. La situación epidemiológica mejoró, pero sobre todo, se aumentaron las capacidades, en todo el país y con criterios comunes, cuyo mantenimiento y refuerzo fue clave en olas sucesivas.

2.
Salud Publica Mex ; 63(2, Mar-Abr): 190-200, 2021 Feb 26.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33989492

RESUMO

Objetivo. Identificar la existencia de desigualdades de género en utilización de atención primaria (AP), urgencias y consulta de enfermería. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal, con encuestas nacionales y europeas de salud (2006-2017) de población española de 16 o más años (n=98 929 personas). Se estudió la evolución en el tiempo y la influencia de los determinantes de género mediante regresiones logísticas en la utilización de servicios sanitarios. Resultados. La utilización de los tres servicios asistenciales fue mayor en mujeres. Personas pensionistas, aquellas dedi-cadas a labores del hogar, con estudios bajos y clase social manual, tuvieron mayor riesgo de utilización de AP. Urgencias: a mayor edad menor riesgo de utilización. Enfermería: aque-llas dedicadas a las labores del hogar tenían mayor riesgo de utilización. Conclusiones. Son necesarios estudios que analicen las desigualdades de género en contextos como la utilización de servicios sanitarios, así como nuevas estrategias de gestión para conseguir la equidad asistencial.


Assuntos
Utilização de Instalações e Serviços , Serviços de Saúde , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Utilização de Instalações e Serviços/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha
3.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin ; 35(3): 179-181, 2017 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27474211

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: No cases of human brucellosis caused by Brucella suis has been reported in Spain. METHODS: This study involved interviews with the case and his co-workers, inspection of their workplace, checking infection control measures, and typing the Brucella strain isolated in the blood culture. RESULTS: Brucella suis biovar 1 strain 1330 was isolated from a patient who worked in a waste treatment plant. Food borne transmission, contact with animals, and risk jobs were ruled out. An accidental inoculation with a contaminated needle from a research laboratory waste container was identified as the most probable mode of transmission. CONCLUSION: There should be controls to ensure that waste containers are sealed.


Assuntos
Brucella suis , Brucelose/epidemiologia , Brucella suis/classificação , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espanha/epidemiologia
4.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36621243

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The state of alarm was declared in Spain due to the COVID-19 epidemic on March 14, 2020, and established population confinement measures. The objective is to describe the process of lifting these mitigation measures. METHODS: The Plan for the Transition to a New Normality, approved on April 28, contained four sequential phases with progressive increase in socio-economic activities and population mobility. In parallel, a new strategy for early diagnosis, surveillance and control was implemented. A bilateral decision mechanism was established between the Spanish Government and the autonomous communities (AC), guided by a set of qualitative and quantitative indicators capturing the epidemiological situation and core capacities. The territorial units were established ad-hoc and could be from Basic Health Zones to entire AC. RESULTS: The process run from May 4 to June 21, 2020. AC implemented plans for reinforcement of core capacities. Incidence decreased from a median (50% of territories) of 7.4 per 100,000 in 7 days at the beginning to 2.5 at the end. Median PCR testing increased from 53% to 89% of suspected cases and PCR total capacity from 4.5 to 9.8 per 1000 inhabitants weekly; positivity rate decreased from 3.5% to 1.8%. Median proportion of cases with traced contacts increased from 82% to 100%. CONCLUSION: Systematic data collection, analysis, and interterritorial dialogue allowed adequate process control. The epidemiological situation improved but, mostly, the process entailed a great reinforcement of core response capacities nation-wide, under common criteria. Maintaining and further reinforcing capacities remained crucial for responding to future waves.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Teste para COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Espanha/epidemiologia
5.
Gac Sanit ; 30(3): 208-14, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26987281

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To measure incidence and main risk factors related to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Daroca Prison (Zaragoza, Spain). METHOD: A retrospective cohort study (2005-2013) to measure the incidence of STI and a cross-sectional study to measure risk factors. RESULTS: Of the 203 inmates, 79 developed an STI, 37 had a previous STI, 55.2% lacked knowledge on STI prevention, and 28.9% showed behaviours unfavourable for STI prevention. The incidence rate was 6.5 STIs per 1,000 inmates-year. The most frequent STIs were hepatitis B (39.7%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (19.1%), herpes simplex (16.2%) and HIV (8.8%). The risk (hazard ratio, HR) of acquiring a new STI was significantly higher in inmates with a history of previous STI (HR=2.61; 95%CI: 1.01 to 6.69), and was at the limit of significance for non-preventive behaviour (HR=2.10; 95%CI: 0.98 to 4.53), but not in knowledge related to STIs (HR=1.33; 95%CI: 0.58 to 3.07). CONCLUSION: The most important risk factors in prison are behaviours related to STIs and previous history of STIs. Other factors are being a repeat offender, injecting drug use, or being in a methadone programme. Health personnel and peer education can facilitate prevention and control.


Assuntos
Prisioneiros , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/transmissão , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Espanha/epidemiologia
6.
Salud pública Méx ; 63(2): 190-200, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432228

RESUMO

Resumen: Objetivo: Identificar la existencia de desigualdades de género en utilización de atención primaria (AP), urgencias y consulta de enfermería. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal, con encuestas nacionales y europeas de salud (2006-2017) de población española de 16 o más años (n=98 929 personas). Se estudió la evolución en el tiempo y la influencia de los determinantes de género mediante regresiones logísticas en la utilización de servicios sanitarios. Resultados: La utilización de los tres servicios asistenciales fue mayor en mujeres. Personas pensionistas, aquellas dedicadas a labores del hogar, con estudios bajos y clase social manual, tuvieron mayor riesgo de utilización de AP. Urgencias: a mayor edad menor riesgo de utilización. Enfermería: aquellas dedicadas a las labores del hogar tenían mayor riesgo de utilización. Conclusiones: Son necesarios estudios que analicen las desigualdades de género en contextos como la utilización de servicios sanitarios, así como nuevas estrategias de gestión para conseguir la equidad asistencial.


Abstract: Objective: To identify the existence of gender inequalities in the use of primary care (PA), emergency care and nursing consultation. Materials and methods: Repeated cross-sectional study using Spanish and European health surveys (2006-2017) to Spanish population aged 16 and over (n= 95 929). Results: The use of three care services was higher among women. Pensioners, as well as unpaid household labour women, with low education level and those of manual social class, were the most likely to use PC. In emergency care, the higher age, the lower probability of use, and living in a rural town was associated with a higher probability of use of emergency care. Unpaid household labour women were the most likely to use nursing care. Conclusions: Studies that analyse gender inequalities in different contexts such as the use of health services care are still necessary, as well as, new management strategies are needed to achieve care equity.

7.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 35(3): 179-181, mar. 2017. ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-162136

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: No cases of human brucellosis caused by Brucella suis has been reported in Spain. METHODS: This study involved interviews with the case and his co-workers, inspection of their workplace, checking infection control measures, and typing the Brucella strain isolated in the blood culture. RESULTS: Brucella suis biovar 1 strain 1330 was isolated from a patient who worked in a waste treatment plant. Food borne transmission, contact with animals, and risk jobs were ruled out. An accidental inoculation with a contaminated needle from a research laboratory waste container was identified as the most probable mode of transmission. CONCLUSION: There should be controls to ensure that waste containers are sealed


INTRODUCCIÓN: En España no se habían comunicado casos humanos de brucelosis por Brucella suis anteriores a este. MÉTODOS: La investigación incluyó entrevistas con el caso y sus compañeros de trabajo, inspección del lugar de trabajo, comprobación de las medidas de control de la infección, y tipificación de la cepa de Brucella aislada en el hemocultivo. RESULTADOS: Se aisló Brucella suis biovariedad 1 cepa 1330 en un paciente que trabajaba en una empresa de tratamiento de residuos. Se descartó la fuente alimentaria, el contacto con animales y trabajos de riesgo. Un pinchazo accidental con una aguja contaminada de un contenedor procedente de un laboratorio de investigación fue la forma de transmisión más probable. CONCLUSIÓN: Se deben realizar controles para asegurar que los contenedores de residuos están sellados


Assuntos
Humanos , Brucelose/epidemiologia , Brucella suis/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Brucelose/transmissão , Ferimentos Penetrantes Produzidos por Agulha/complicações , Eliminação de Resíduos Perigosos
8.
Gac. sanit. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 30(3): 208-214, mayo-jun. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS (Espanha) | ID: ibc-152730

RESUMO

Objetivo: Medir la incidencia y determinar los factores de riesgo de las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) en la población del Centro Penitenciario de Daroca (Zaragoza). Método: Estudio de cohortes retrospectivo (2005-2013) para medir la incidencia de ITS y estudio transversal para estudiar los factores de riesgo. Resultados: De los 203 internos, 79 desarrollaron una ITS, 37 tenían ITS previas, el 55,2% conocimientos y el 28,9% comportamientos no favorables a la prevención de ITS. La incidencia fue de 6,5 ITS por cada 1000 internos-año. Las de mayor incidencia fueron la hepatitis B (39,7%), la infección por Ureaplasma urealyticum (19,1%), el herpes simple (16,2%) y la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (8,8%). El riesgo (hazard ratio [HR]) de adquirir una nueva ITS fue significativamente mayor en los internos con antecedentes de ITS previa (HR=2,61; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 1,01-6,69), y en el límite de la significación para los comportamientos no preventivos (HR=2,10; IC95%: 0,98-4,53), pero no en los conocimientos frente a ITS (HR=1,33; IC95%: 0,58-3,07). Conclusión: Los factores de riesgo más relevantes en prisión son los comportamientos y los antecedentes de ITS. Otros factores son ser reincidente, el consumo de drogas inyectadas o estar en un programa de metadona. Los/las profesionales sanitarios y la educación por pares pueden facilitar la prevención y el control (AU)


Objective: To measure incidence and main risk factors related to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Daroca Prison (Zaragoza, Spain). Method: A retrospective cohort study (2005-2013) to measure the incidence of STI and a cross-sectional study to measure risk factors. Results: Of the 203 inmates, 79 developed an STI, 37 had a previous STI, 55.2% lacked knowledge on STI prevention, and 28.9% showed behaviours unfavourable for STI prevention. The incidence rate was 6.5 STIs per 1,000 inmates-year. The most frequent STIs were hepatitis B (39.7%),Ureaplasma urealyticum (19.1%), herpes simplex (16.2%) and HIV (8.8%). The risk (hazard ratio, HR) of acquiring a new STI was significantly higher in inmates with a history of previous STI (HR=2.61; 95%CI: 1.01 to 6.69), and was at the limit of significance for non-preventive behaviour (HR=2.10; 95%CI: 0.98 to 4.53), but not in knowledge related to STIs (HR=1.33; 95%CI: 0.58 to 3.07). Conclusion: The most important risk factors in prison are behaviours related to STIs and previous history of STIs. Other factors are being a repeat offender, injecting drug use, or being in a methadone programme. Health personnel and peer education can facilitate prevention and control (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/epidemiologia , Comportamento Sexual , Comportamento Perigoso , Sexo sem Proteção , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis/transmissão , Prisioneiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Coortes , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos/estatística & dados numéricos
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