Description of Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns at the National Institute of Hygiene in Lome, Togo.

The monitoring of antimicrobial resistance has become a priority, mainly in developing countries, to control the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. This study evaluated the antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria isolated at the National Institute of Hygiene in Togo. The laboratory records from January 2013 to December 2015 were examined, which showed that a total of 33,147 samples had been analyzed. Among them, vaginal swabs and urine samples were predominant, amounting to 38.17% and 33.24%, respectively. In total, 3,497 Gram-positive and 1,970 Gram-negative bacterial strains were cultured. Enterobacteriaceae (57.6%), Staphylococcus spp. (21.1%), and Streptococcus spp. (10.5%) were primarily isolated. The records showed that over 3 years, Escherichia coli was resistant to piperacillin (79.66%, 75.1%, and 83%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (79.3%, 82%, and 82.8%), ticarcillin (89%, 89.7%, and 93%), and amoxicillin (94.1%, 94%, and 96.09%), whereas Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to penicillin G. Streptococcaceae isolates were resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (78.11-87.1%), tetracycline (82.2-91.16%), and norfloxacin (86.16-94.3%). Escherichia coli and S. aureus isolated from urine were more resistant to antibiotics than those isolated from vaginal swabs. There is a need to develop new strategies to fight the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria in Togo.

On-site verification of the CBEU method using UriSelect4 chromogenic medium at the National Institute of Hygiene (INH) of Lomé.

PURPOSE: The Cytobacteriological Examination of Urine (CBEU) is one of the most requested microbiological analyses in the medical bacteriology laboratory. According to the ISO 15189 standard, Medical Biology Laboratory (MBL) must validate the techniques before their use. It is in this perspective that, within the Medical Bacteriology Laboratory of the INH of Lome, we have carried out the on-site verification of the CBEU method using UriSelect4 chromogenic medium at the INH of Lomé. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The biological material was composed of reference bacterial strains and clinical bacterial strains isolated at INH. Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) with 5 â€‹M model was used to perform risk analysis and performances as repeatability, intermediate fidelity/reproducibility, sensitivity and inter-operator variability were evaluated using references strains and different operators. "Comité Français d'Accréditation" (COFRAC) SH GTA 04 was used as reference. Single-factor ANOVA was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Operating procedures, Patients preparation, Samples and Preparation of culture media were identified as main critical points with a criticality index of 8, 9, 9 and 12 respectively. The use of uriselect4 to perform ECBU was shown to be repeatable and reproducible. The sensibility of Uriselect4 to detect urinary infection was 100% with negligible inter-operator variability. CONCLUSION: This study performed on-site verification of Uriselect4 at the bacteriology lab of INH of Lome and identified some critical points to master. The overall performance criteria from COFRAC SH GTA 04 were conform.