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The 2D autocorrelation of the projection of an irregular rough particle can be estimated using the analysis of its interferometric out-of-focus image. We report the development of an experimental setup that creates speckle-like patterns generated by "programmable" rough particles of desired-shape. It should become an important tool for the development of new setups, configurations, and algorithms in interferometric particle imaging.
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Binary diffractive optics have been extensively studied to date as tools for arbitrary laser beam shaping and experimentally implemented with etched transparent optics and spatial light modulators. Here we demonstrate that a simple one-step binary optic is able to enhance the intensity of a focused beam, displaying some counterintuitive focusing anomalies. We explain these effects by considering the optical aberrations in binary diffractive optics and outline how this may be exploited for further improvements in refractive/diffractive combinations for super-resolution microscopy.
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OBJECTIVE: Use of injectable drugs in newborns represents more than 90% of prescriptions and requires special precautions in order to ensure more safety and efficiency. The aim of this study is to gather errors relating to the administration of injectable drugs and to suggest corrective actions. METHODS: This descriptive and transversal study has evaluated 300 injectable drug administrations in a neonatology unit. Two hundred and sixty-one administrations have contained an error. Data are collected by direct observations of administrative act. RESULTS: Errors observed are: an inappropriate mixture (2.6% of cases); an incorrect delivery rate (33.7% of cases); incorrect dilutions (26.7% of cases); error in calculation of the dose to be injected (16.7% of cases); error while sampling small volumes (6.3% of cases); error or omission of administration schedule (1% of cases). CONCLUSION: These data have enabled us to evaluate administration of injectable drugs in neonatology. Different types of errors observed could be a source of therapeutic inefficiency, extended lengths of stay or iatrogenic drug. Following these observations, corrective actions have been undertaken by pharmacists and consist of: organizing training sessions for nursing; developing an explanatory guide for dilution and administration of injectable medicines, which was made available to the clinical service. Collaborative strategies doctor-nurse-pharmacist can help to reduce errors in the medication process especially during his administration. It permits improvement of injectable drugs use, offering more security and better efficiency and contribute to guarantee ideal therapy for patients.
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Erros de Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Neonatologia/normas , Esquema de Medicação , Composição de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Injeções , Masculino , Sistemas de Medicação no Hospital , Soluções Farmacêuticas , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Airborne characterization of ice crystals has important applications. The extreme difficulty of realizing in situ tests requires the development of a complete instrumentation in the laboratory. Such an installation should enable design, development, test, and calibration of instruments in conditions as close as possible to real ones. We present a set of numerical and experimental tools that have been developed to realize ice crystal sensors based on interferometric particle imaging. The set of tools covers the development of complementary simulators for crystal growth and interferometric particle imaging predictions, experimental generation of "programmable" ice crystals, and instrumentation of a freezing column where different techniques as in-focus imaging, out-of-focus imaging, and digital in-line holography can be combined simultaneously for test and calibration.
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BACKGROUND: The reliability of blood glucose monitoring in neonatology is not always confirmed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of blood glucose measurements made with three different devices in newborns. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was prospective, conducted in a medical and neonatal intensive care department over a period of 4 months. Capillary glucose level was measured with three different glucometers and compared with venous glucose level determined using the hexokinase method. An ANOVA and Scheffe test were used for the correlation analysis. RESULTS: Three hundred and nine infants were included, with a mean age of 55h and a mean term of 39 weeks of gestation. Mean blood glucose in the laboratory was 0.62±0.15g/L, 0.71±0.17g/L for Accu-Chek(®) Active, 0.80±0.17g/L for Accu-Chek(®) Performa, and 0.83±0.12g/L for Bionime. An ANOVA showed statistically significant differences between the measurements made by glucometers compared to the reference blood glucose levels, and the Scheffé method showed that glucometers overestimated the real plasma glucose levels. CONCLUSION: None of the devices used in this study was satisfactory. However, an estimation of blood glucose taking into consideration this numerical overestimation would allow early detection of hypoglycemia.
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Análise Química do Sangue/instrumentação , Glicemia/análise , Sistemas Automatizados de Assistência Junto ao Leito , Capilares , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Duodenal atresia is rarely associated with situs inversus abdominus. We report a case of duodenal atresia associated with small bowel atresia of apple peel type and situs inversus abdominus.
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The onset of Graves disease during pregnancy exposes the neonate to the risk of hyperthyroidism. The newborn must be monitored and treatment modalities known to ensure early treatment of the newborn. We report on the case of an infant born at term of a mother with Graves disease discovered during pregnancy. He was asymptomatic during the first days of life, before declaring the disease. Neonatal hyperthyroidism was confirmed by hormonal assays. Hyperthyroidism was treated with antithyroid drugs and propranolol with a satisfactory clinical and biological course. Neonatal hyperthyroidism should be systematically sought in infants born to a mother with Graves disease. The absence of clinical signs during the first days of life does not exclude the diagnosis. The duration of monitoring should be decided according to the results of the first hormonal balance tests.
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Doença de Graves , Hipertireoidismo/etiologia , Complicações na Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertireoidismo/diagnóstico , Hipertireoidismo/tratamento farmacológico , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , GravidezRESUMO
Sanjad-Sakati syndrome (SSS) (OMIM 241410) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital hypoparathyroidism with growth and mental retardation associated with seizures and a characteristic physiognomy. SSS molecular pathology has been shown to be due to mutations in the TBCE gene on chromosome 1q42-q43. All affected patients of Arab origin are homozygous for a 12-bp (155-166del) deletion in exon 3 of this gene. We report on a Tunisian child with SSS who was homozygous for the 155-166del mutation. Our findings provide additional support of the common (155-166del) deletion founder effect in exon 3 of the TBCE gene in Arab patients. It is very likely that this mutation originated in the Middle East and was introduced in Tunisia by the Banu Hilal invaders.
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Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Éxons , Face/anormalidades , Transtornos do Crescimento/genética , Hipoparatireoidismo/genética , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Chaperonas Moleculares/genética , Mutação , Osteocondrodisplasias/genética , Convulsões/genética , Anormalidades Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Feminino , Transtornos do Crescimento/diagnóstico , Humanos , Hipoparatireoidismo/diagnóstico , Recém-Nascido , Deficiência Intelectual/diagnóstico , Osteocondrodisplasias/diagnóstico , Nascimento Prematuro , Convulsões/diagnóstico , TunísiaRESUMO
A comparative study of the diagnosis of intracardiac left-to-right shunts by isotope radiography on the one hand and oxymetry, abnormal catheter trajectory and angiocardiography on the other, was performed on a series of 110 patients, comprising 12 normals, 46 valvulopathies or cardiomyopathies without shunts, 23 ASDs, 22 VSDs, and 7 other shunts. Intravenous injection of Technetium 99 m with scintigraphic imagery and interpretation of time-activity curves detected even small left-to-right shunts and appeared to be more sensitive than oxumetry. The estimation of the size of the shunt correlated well with oxymetry for VSDs but not for ASDs. The localisation of the shunt was more difficult. The atrial level of the defect was detected in some but not the majority of cases. The isotopic technique appeared unreliable in the presence of severe haemodynamic disturbances. The isotopic method is a quick means of detecting left-to-right shunts without measurable risk, particularly useful in the investigation of children and young adults thought to have left-to-right shunts.
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Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico por imagem , Tecnécio , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Cateterismo Cardíaco , Cardiomiopatias/fisiopatologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , CintilografiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The rate of infants born at 34-36 weeks of gestation has increased over the last 20 years. These babies are at higher risk of morbidity, particularly respiratory, than full-term infants are. The purpose of this study was to describe the respiratory morbidity of late-preterm infants and identify risk factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive, single-center study including 273 late-preterm infants born in a tertiary care hospital between July 2009 and December 2010. RESULTS: Of the mothers who delivered, 53.9% had morbidity. The cesarean-section delivery rate before labor was 20.9%; the main indication was fetal growth restriction (34%). Sixty-four percent of newborns had morbidity during their hospitalization and 23.1% suffered from respiratory distress. Mechanical ventilation was needed in 4.4% of the infants. Respiratory distress was mainly caused by early-onset sepsis or transient tachypnea. Ten infants presented with respiratory distress syndrome, of whom seven received a surfactant. Neonatal respiratory distress risk factors were gestational age, sex, and prelabor cesarean section (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Late-preterm infants have an increased risk of respiratory disorders requiring ventilation. Elective cesarean should be limited if possible during this period.
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Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal/estatística & dados numéricos , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/epidemiologia , Causalidade , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Surfactantes Pulmonares/uso terapêutico , Respiração Artificial/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Sepse/epidemiologia , Fatores Sexuais , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Tunísia , Revisão da Utilização de Recursos de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricosAssuntos
Corpos Estranhos , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório , Dispneia , Esôfago , Humanos , Recém-NascidoAssuntos
Neoplasias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Rabdomioma/diagnóstico , Esclerose Tuberosa/diagnóstico , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Cardíacas/complicações , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Gravidez , Gravidez de Gêmeos , Rabdomioma/complicações , Esclerose Tuberosa/complicaçõesAssuntos
Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecocardiografia/métodos , Coração/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Icterícia/etiologia , Masculino , Derrame Pericárdico/etiologia , Gravidez , Gravidez de GêmeosAssuntos
Vacinas Fúngicas/efeitos adversos , Fungemia/etiologia , Doenças do Prematuro/etiologia , Probióticos/efeitos adversos , Saccharomyces/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Apneia/etiologia , Candidemia/diagnóstico , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Contaminação de Equipamentos , Fluconazol/uso terapêutico , Vacinas Fúngicas/uso terapêutico , Fungemia/diagnóstico , Fungemia/tratamento farmacológico , Fungemia/microbiologia , Fungemia/transmissão , Humanos , Recém-Nascido de Peso Extremamente Baixo ao Nascer , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Doenças do Prematuro/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Prematuro/microbiologia , Masculino , Nutrição Parenteral/instrumentação , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Saccharomyces/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
I calculate and compare the effective reflectivities of the first three Laguerre-Gauss modes incident on an asymmetric Michelson mirror (MM) using a power ratio. It is shown that the oscillation of a laser, made with a MM in a three-mirror configuration, can be switched from one transverse mode to another simply by controlling the phase delay between the two MM arms.
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I address the influence of the direct coupling of the average lattice strains to the active ions on the pulse shape and the far-field beam spreading of a Q-switched laser. Calculations are made for the Cr(3+): sapphire system. The dynamic behavior of laser divergence as the pulse develops is studied without and with an internal aperture. The results can be used to search for similar effects in lasers involving other ions, such as Ti(3+) and Cr(4+).
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Two aspects of the fundamental mode selection in planoconcave resonators containing a circular aperture are analyzed. The first is the transverse mode discrimination (TMD), and the second is the fundamental mode volume. It is shown that the TMD decreases rapidly when the aperture is moved away from the plane or concave mirror position. Moreover, the half-confocal configuration has been found to be that which optimizes the TMD. For a fixed fundamental mode loss and a fixed TMD, the diffraction-induced increase of the fundamental mode volume is larger when the aperture is against the concave mirror than when it is against the plane mirror.
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In a laser TEM(00)-mode selection by the use of a hard intracavity aperture gives rise to losses that are experimentally observable and to an increase in the fundamental-mode volume that is more difficult to observe. We use the parasitic resonances that are characteristic of multicavity lasers to demonstrate this volume enhancement in a He-Ne laser operating at 3.39 µm. The increase in mode volume in the apertured laser can increase the output power by a factor of 3 with respect to that of the nonapertured laser.