Diagnostic Usefulness of the Protein Energy Wasting Score in Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients.

OBJECTIVE: To study whether the score proposed by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism to define the protein energy wasting (PEW) syndrome has diagnostic validity in patients undergoing dialysis. DESIGN AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study including 468 prevalent hemodialysis patients from Canary Islands, Spain. Individual PEW syndrome criteria and the number of PEW syndrome categories were related to other objective markers of PEW using linear and logistic regression analyses: subjective global assessment, handgrip strength, bioimpedance-assessed body composition, and levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. RESULTS: Study participants (34% women) had a median age of 66 years, 37 months of maintenance dialysis, and 50% were diabetics. About 23% of patients had PEW (≥3 PEW categories), and 68% were at risk of PEW (1-2 PEW categories). Low prealbumin was the most frequently found derangement (52% of cases), followed by low albumin (46%), and low protein intake (35%). Across higher number of PEW syndrome categories, patients showed a longer dialysis vintage and had lower creatinine, triglycerides, and transferrin (P for trend <.001 for all). All nutritional assessments not included in the PEW definition worsened across higher number of PEW categories. In multivariable regression analyses, there was a linear inverse relationship between muscle and fat mass as well as handgrip strength with the number of PEW syndrome categories. Likewise, the proportion of subjective global assessment-defined malnutrition and serum concentration of C-reactive protein gradually increased despite adjustment for confounders (P for trend <.05 for all). CONCLUSION: The PEW score reflects systemic inflammation, malnutrition and wasting among dialysis patients and may thus be used for diagnostic purposes.

Platelet-to-lymphocyte and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios as markers of erythropoietin resistance in chronic haemodialysis patients: a multicentre cross-sectional study. / Índices plaquetas-linfocito y neutrófilo-linfocito como marcadores de resistencia a la eritropoyetina en pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica: estudio transversal-multicéntrico.

INTRODUCTION: The platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) ratios are emerging markers of inflammation. Erythropoietin resistance is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease and is influenced by inflammation, among other factors. Therefore, it would be reasonable to expect a relationship between these markers and erythropoietin resistance. METHODS: Multicentre cross-sectional study. The records of the haemodialysis sessions of 534 patients belonging to four of our dialysis centres were studied. 137 patients were excluded, so the final number of patients studied was 397. NLR, PLR and the erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) were calculated. RESULTS: The ERI was divided into quartiles and compared with the mean NLR and PLR of the four groups, with these differences being statistically significant (p=0.00058). In the regression analysis, the NLR value was able to predict ERI significantly (p<0.0001) (R2=0.029). The PLR value also predicted ERI significantly (p<0.0001) (R2=0.103). The ability of PLR to predict erythropoietin resistance was measured with the area under the ROC curve (AUC=0.681) (95% CI, 0.541-0.821). A PLR cut-off point of 125.5 would result in a sensitivity of 80.95% and 42.82% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Both PLR and NLR could be considered acceptable markers of erythropoietin resistance. The PLR was a better predictor for the ERI than the NLR.

Cribado de SARS-CoV-2 de pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica en un hospital de tercer nivel y sus centros periféricos: una hora menos en Canarias / SARS-CoV-2 screening in chronic hemodialysis patients in a third-level hospital and its peripheral centers:'one hour less in the Canary Islands'

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Índices plaquetas-linfocito y neutrófilo-linfocito como marcadores de resistencia a la eritropoyetina en pacientes en hemodiálisis crónica: estudio transversal-multicéntrico / Platelet-to-lymphocyte and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios as markers of erythropoietin resistance in chronic haemodialysis patients: a multicentre cross-sectional study

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los índices plaquetas-linfocito (IPL) y neutrófilo-linfocito (INL) son marcadores emergentes de inflamación. La resistencia a la eritropoyetina está relacionada con una mayor morbimortalidad en los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica y está influida, entre otros factores, por la inflamación. Por lo tanto, cabría esperar una relación entre estos marcadores y la resistencia a la eritropoyetina. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal-multicéntrico. Se estudiaron los registros de las sesiones de hemodiálisis de 534 pacientes pertenecientes a 4 de nuestros centros de diálisis. Se excluyó a 137 pacientes, por lo que el número final de pacientes estudiado fue de 397. Se calculó el INL, el IPL y, como medida de resistencia a la eritropoyetina, se calculó el índice de respuesta a la eritropoyetina (IRE). RESULTADOS: Se dividió el IRE en cuartiles y se compararon con las medias de INL e IPL de los 4 grupos, siendo estas diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,00058). En los análisis de regresión, el valor de INL pudo predecir el IRE de forma significativa (p < 0,0001) (R2 = 0,029). Asimismo, el valor de IPL también predijo el IRE de forma significativa (p < 0,0001) (R2 = 0,103). La capacidad del IPL para predecir resistencia a la eritropoyetina se midió con el área bajo la curva ROC (AUC = 0,681) (IC 95%: 0,541-0,821). Un punto de corte de IPL de 125,5 resultaría en un 80,95% de sensibilidad y 42,82% de especificidad. CONCLUSIONES: Tanto el IPL como el INL podrían considerarse unos aceptables marcadores de resistencia a la eritropoyetina. El IPL resultó ser un mejor predictor que el INL para el IRE

INTRODUCTION: The platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) ratios are emerging markers of inflammation. Erythropoietin resistance is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease and is influenced by inflammation, among other factors. Therefore, it would be reasonable to expect a relationship between these markers and erythropoietin resistance. METHODS: Multicentre cross-sectional study. The records of the haemodialysis sessions of 534 patients belonging to four of our dialysis centres were studied. 137 patients were excluded, so the final number of patients studied was 397. NLR, PLR and the erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) were calculated. RESULTS: The ERI was divided into quartiles and compared with the mean NLR and PLR of the four groups, with these differences being statistically significant (p = 0.00058). In the regression analysis, the NLR value was able to predict ERI significantly (p < 0.0001) (R2 = 0.029). The PLR value also predicted ERI significantly (p < 0.0001) (R2 = 0.103). The ability of PLR to predict erythropoietin resistance was measured with the area under the ROC curve (AUC = 0.681) (95% CI, 0.541-0.821). A PLR cut-off point of 125.5 would result in a sensitivity of 80.95% and 42.82% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: Both PLR and NLR could be considered acceptable markers of erythropoietin resistance. The PLR was a better predictor for the ERI than the NLR

Water overload as a biomarker for heart failure and acute renal failure.

Heart failure (HF) and acute renal failure (ARF) are two very prevalent entities in our environment which impact directly and synergistically in the morbidity and mortality of our patients. ARF, when oligoanuric, often leads to water overload. It represents the precipitating core of the mechanism of acute decompensation of the HF and is associated with the worsening of symptoms, hospitalisation and death. Determining the water balance in HF can be complex and depends, largely, on the underlying pathophysiology. New biomarkers and new technologies are proving to be useful for the detection and identification of risk of acutely decompensated HF that may allow early intervention and reversal of the ARF that translates into better clinical outcomes.

The occurrence or fibrillary glomerulonephritis in patients with diabetes mellitus may not be coincidental: a report of four cases.

Although clinical presentation of fibrillary glomerulonephritis is similar to most forms of glomerulonephritis, it is usually difficult to make the diagnosis. Clinical manifestations include proteinuria, microscopic haematuria, nephrotic syndrome, and impairment of renal function. A diagnosis of fibrillary glomerulonephritis is only confirmed by renal biopsy and it must comprise electronmicroscopy-verified ultrastructural findings. We report four cases between 45-50 years old with documented type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and arterial hypertension. All patients were found to have fibrils on kidney biopsy. The differential diagnosis of fibrils in the setting of diabetes mellitus is also discussed.

Vascular accesses in haemodialysis: a challenge to be met.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease is a leading problem in public health due to its high incidence, prevalence and high morbidity and mortality, especially for those who require renal replacement therapy (RRT). As has already been described by other authors, the vascular access is one of the factors determining morbidity and mortality of patients in haemodialysis as well as their complications, which incur a high cost. OBJECTIVES: To know the real situation of our clinical practice, compare it with data from other studies, and to measure the degree of compliance by these patients with the recommendations of haemodialysis (HD) Clinical Practice Guidelines regarding vascular access . Also, to assess survival according to the type of vascular access used, adjusting for comorbidity factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied the vascular access of our prevalent patients on haemodialysis by October 2009 (n=299, 62% men). Of these, 64% underwent HD through an autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF), 3% were carrying synthetic grafts, and 33% had a central venous catheter (CVC). These percentages do not comply with the recommendations of the S.E.N. and KDOQI clinical guidelines. In order to know the real situation of our clinical practice, we compared our data with other studies, and measured the degree of compliance with the recommendations of the guidelines. The incident patients on HD were studied from January 2004 to October 2009 (n=422). We analysed basal nephropathy, associated diseases, and the type of vascular access at the start of HD. RESULTS: A total of 30% had an AVF, 1% had synthetic grafts, and 69% had CVC. The calculated relative risk (RR) of death associated with the use of CVC at the start of HD was 3.68 (95% CI: 2.93-6.35) adjusted for other factors of comorbidity (age, diabetes mellitus, ischaemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease). CONCLUSIONS: The high mortality associated at the beginning of HD with CVC (RR: 3.68), independently of other factors, make the decrease in the use of this vascular access an objective of first order. Presently, we have not been able to meet the objectives from the different Clinical Guidelines with respect to the prevalence and incidence of the vascular accesses for HD.

Transplantectomy following renal graft failure.

Approximately 4%-10% of incident patients on dialysis have a non-functioning kidney graft, and according to series, as many as 32% require transplantectomy for a variety of reasons. Mortality in these patients is significantly higher than in those with a functioning graft or on renal replacement therapy without having received a graft. Graft intolerance syndrome, early graft loss, severe proteinuria, recurring pyelonephritis or neoplasia, and chronic inflammation syndrome have all been proposed as indications for transplantectomy. Chronic inflammation syndrome occurs in patients with high levels of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein), anaemia resistant to treatment with erythropoiesis stimulators, and malnutrition markers. This inflammatory state is provoked by the graft, and reverts when a transplantectomy is performed, as several studies have shown. We have reviewed the medical literature published on this topic, the indications for transplantectomy and embolectomy, their advantages and disadvantages, the incidence of graft intolerance syndrome, and the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation syndrome, as well as the currently proposed therapeutic management algorithm.

Valoración del orificio de inserción del catéter tunelizado para hemodiálisis mediante el uso de cámara térmica acoplada a smartphone: estudio piloto / Assessment of tunneled hemodialysis catheter insertion site using a thermal camera attached to smartphone: A pilot study

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¿Existe un límite de edad para iniciar hemodiálisis? / Is there an age limit for starting haemodialysis?

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Índices neutrófilo-linfocito y plaqueta-linfocito como marcadores biológicos de interés en la enfermedad renal / Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios as biological markers of interest in kidney disease

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Uso de HFR-supra para el tratamiento de porfiria cutánea tarda en paciente en hemodiálisis crónica / Use HFR-supra for porphyria cutanea tarda treatment in hemodialysis patient

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La sobrecarga hídrica como biomarcador de insuficiencia cardíaca y fracaso renal agudo / Water overload as a biomarker for heart failure and acute renal failure

La insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) y el fracaso renal agudo (FRA) son dos entidades muy prevalentes en nuestro medio, e inciden de manera directa y sinérgicamente en la morbimortalidad de nuestros pacientes. Cuando es oligoanúrico, el FRA suele conducir a la sobrecarga hídrica, representando esta el núcleo precipitante del mecanismo de descompensación aguda de la IC, y está asociada con el agravamiento de los síntomas, la hospitalización y la muerte. Determinar el balance hídrico en la IC puede ser complejo y depende, en gran medida, de la fisiopatología subyacente. Los nuevos biomarcadores y las nuevas tecnologías están demostrando ser útiles para la detección e identificación de riesgo de IC descompensada aguda que puede permitir una pronta intervención y reversión del FRA que se traduzca en mejores resultados clínicos (AU)

Heart failure (HF) and acute renal failure (ARF) are two very prevalent entities in our environment which impact directly and synergistically in the morbidity and mortality of our patients. ARF, when oligoanuric, often leads to water overload. It represents the precipitating core of the mechanism of acute decompensation of the HF and is associated with the worsening of symptoms, hospitalisation and death. Determining the water balance in HF can be complex and depends, largely, on the underlying pathophysiology. New biomarkers and new technologies are proving to be useful for the detection and identification of risk of acutely decompensated HF that may allow early intervention and reversal of the ARF that translates into better clinical outcomes (AU)