Forensic-paternity effectiveness and genetics population analysis of six non-CODIS mini-STR loci (D1S1656, D2S441, D6S1043, D10S1248, D12S391, D22S1045) and SE33 in Mestizo and Amerindian populations from Mexico.

BACKGROUND: STRs are powerful tools intensively used in forensic and kinship studies. AIM: In order to assess the effectiveness of non-CODIS genetic markers in forensic and paternity tests, the genetic composition of six mini short tandem repeats-mini-STRs-(D1S1656, D2S441, D6S1043, D10S1248, D12S391, D22S1045) and the microsatellite SE33 in Mestizo and Amerindian populations from Mexico were studied. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using multiplex polymerase chain reactions and capillary electrophoresis, this study genotyped all loci from 870 chromosomes and evaluated the statistical genetic parameters. RESULTS: All mini-STRs studied were in agreement with HW and linkage equilibrium; however, an important HW departure for SE33 was found in the Mestizo population (p ≤ 0.0001). Regarding paternity and forensic statistical parameters, high values of combined power discrimination and mean power of exclusion were found using these seven markers. The principal co-ordinate analysis based on allele frequencies of three mini-STRs showed the complex genetic architecture of the Mestizo population. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that this set of loci is suitable to genetically identify individuals in the Mexican population, supporting its effectiveness in human identification casework. In addition, these findings add new statistical values and emphasise the importance of the use of non-CODIS markers in complex populations in order to avoid erroneous assumptions.

Aß40 Oligomers Promote Survival and Early Neuronal Differentiation of Dentate Gyrus-Isolated Precursor Cells Through Activation of the Akt Signaling Pathway.

The amyloid beta-peptide (Aß) is the low-abundance product of amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is produced lifelong in the healthy brain. The functional properties of Aß40 and Aß42 peptides have not been completely elucidated to date. Although, several studies suggest that these peptides have a number of neurotrophic and neurotoxic properties, respectively. Interestingly, low concentrations of Aß40 and Aß42 regulate synaptic plasticity and improve cognitive functions, whereas the accumulation of Aß42, coupled with the effects of age, can cause dysregulation of synaptic function, as is shown in Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, several studies suggest that both peptides, Aß40 and Aß42, are involved in neurogenic processes; however, these results are still controversial. Moreover, existing data indicate a direct relationship between the physicochemical characteristics of the peptides and their effects. Herein, we evaluated the effect of Aß40 oligomers on hippocampal precursor cells isolated from the dentate gyrus of adult female C57Bl6 mice (mADGPCs). To this end, mADGPCs were treated with nanomolar and micromolar range concentrations of oligomeric forms of Aß40 for 24, 48, and 72 h to evaluate their effects on several events in the neurogenic process in vitro, including viability, proliferation, and early differentiation. The results indicate that Aß40 favors mADGPC proliferation, survival, and neuronal differentiation following a mechanism that involves activation of the Akt signaling pathway. Thus, this study provides evidence about the positive effects of Aß40 oligomers on the neurogenic process in adult mouse hippocampal precursor cells in vitro.

Correction to 'ALOX5, LPA, MMP9 and TPO gene polymorphisms increase atherothrombosis susceptibility in middle-aged Mexicans'.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190775.].