[The effect of medical social and social economic factors on development of disability in children].

The trends in economic situation requires periodic repetition of studies concerning qualitative evaluation of impact of medical, social and economic factors on population health at the regional level. The purpose of the study is to establish the relationship between the disability of children and the main medical, social and socioeconomic indices in the Russian Federation. The materials and methods. The official data on prevalence of disability in children of 0-17 years and the level of basic medical, social and socioeconomic indices were analyzed in the context of 83 subjects of the Russian Federation in 2017-2019. The demographic and epidemiological data and data on medical care support of children population were used as medical and social indices. The socioeconomic indices (unemployment rate, cash income, housing conditions and consumption of basic food products were used as the socioeconomic indices. The Spearman rank correlation method was used to determine the particular relationships. The results. It was established that the significant inter-regional variability of disability of children both in the Federal Okrugs and the subjects of The Russian Federation persists. The relationship of various degrees of intensity between the prevalence of disability of children in the subjects of the Russian Federation and many medical, social and socioeconomic factors such as demographic indices (fertility, mortality); level of primary and total morbidity of children of all age groups; medical care support (medical personnel, pediatric beds); unemployment level; average per capita cash income; percentage of population with cash incomes below cost of living; total area of residential premises that is on average per inhabitant; share of young families registered as needing housing from total number of families with children aged under 18 years; consumption of cheaper food. The conclusion. The obtained results are to be taken into account in the development of programs of preventing disability of children avoiding to place full responsibility on the health care system only.

[The evaluation of quality of implementation of preventive medical examinations of underage persons in the Russian Federation].

The analysis was implemented concerning informational statistic data characterizing health of children population of different age groups in the Russian Federation on the basis of results of dispensarization in its federal okrugs and subjects in 2014. The purpose of the study was to discover ways and modes of developing and increasing efficiency of preventive examinations of underage population. The following indices were analyzed: coverage of children population by preventive medical examinations, distribution according health groups and medical groups for physical culture involvement, level and stricture of established total and primary morbidity, rate of dispensary registration, requirements in additional consultations, examinations and treatment in out-patient condition, day hospital, day-and-night hospital and also coverage with all these medical services. In the most of the subjects of the Russian Federation a high level of coverage of underage population with preventive medical examinations is registered. The percentage of healthy children population in the Russian Federation comprises more than one third of all covered by dispensarization. The significant variations in indices of rate of healthy children and children with functional disorders and chronic diseases in subjects of the Russian Federation is determined by quality and accessibility of medical care at the regional level. The established total and primary morbidity of children population in significant percentage (more than one third) of the subjects has a level higher than a national one. The leading causes of morbidity in children are diseases of respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, nervous system. In adolescents, these causes are diseases of musculoskeletal system, eye diseases and diseases of respiratory system. Despite high prevalence of chronic pathology in children population of the Russian Federation, the guidelines concerning treatment and rehabilitation on the basis of results of preventive medical examinations were developed in inadequate scope. The regional characteristics of the results of dispensarization are established. These results made it possible to sort out the most unfavorable territories and to determine defects in its organization and absence of continuity between medeical institutions providing the given type of medical services.

[Technologies for Complex Intelligent Clinical Data Analysis].

UNLABELLED: The paper presents the system for intelligent analysis of clinical information. Authors describe methods implemented in the system for clinical information retrieval, intelligent diagnostics of chronic diseases, patient's features importance and for detection of hidden dependencies between features. Results of the experimental evaluation of these methods are also presented. BACKGROUND: Healthcare facilities generate a large flow of both structured and unstructured data which contain important information about patients. Test results are usually retained as structured data but some data is retained in the form of natural language texts (medical history, the results of physical examination, and the results of other examinations, such as ultrasound, ECG or X-ray studies). Many tasks arising in clinical practice can be automated applying methods for intelligent analysis of accumulated structured array and unstructured data that leads to improvement of the healthcare quality. AIMS: the creation of the complex system for intelligent data analysis in the multi-disciplinary pediatric center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Authors propose methods for information extraction from clinical texts in Russian. The methods are carried out on the basis of deep linguistic analysis. They retrieve terms of diseases, symptoms, areas of the body and drugs. The methods can recognize additional attributes such as "negation" (indicates that the disease is absent), "no patient" (indicates that the disease refers to the patient's family member, but not to the patient), "severity of illness", disease course", "body region to which the disease refers". Authors use a set of hand-drawn templates and various techniques based on machine learning to retrieve information using a medical thesaurus. The extracted information is used to solve the problem of automatic diagnosis of chronic diseases. A machine learning method for classification of patients with similar nosology and the methodfor determining the most informative patients'features are also proposed. RESULTS: Authors have processed anonymized health records from the pediatric center to estimate the proposed methods. The results show the applicability of the information extracted from the texts for solving practical problems. The records ofpatients with allergic, glomerular and rheumatic diseases were used for experimental assessment of the method of automatic diagnostic. Authors have also determined the most appropriate machine learning methods for classification of patients for each group of diseases, as well as the most informative disease signs. It has been found that using additional information extracted from clinical texts, together with structured data helps to improve the quality of diagnosis of chronic diseases. Authors have also obtained pattern combinations of signs of diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed methods have been implemented in the intelligent data processing system for a multidisciplinary pediatric center. The experimental results show the availability of the system to improve the quality of pediatric healthcare.

[Risk management of a patient on the basis of remote health monitoring: current situation and prospects].

Review is dedicated to the problem of remote monitoring of health status. Existing approaches to the organization of an outdoor monitoring of a patient using telemedicine technologies are reviewed and analyzed. A new approach to risk management of a patient which meets the requirements of pediatric hospital is provided.

[Man-made radionuclides and their accumulation by plants of different taxonomic groups from the soils of the eastern ural radioactive trace].

Investigations of the spatial and vertical distribution of 90Sr, 137Cs and 239, 240Pu in the soils of the Eastern Ural Radioactive Trace (EURT) and accumulation of these radionuclides by plants were carried out in 2003-2011. Investigations showed that the spatial distribution of the radionuclides with increasing distances from the epicenter of the accident is satisfactorily approximated by the exponential function. During the post-accidental period the essential amount of radionuclides is located in the 15-20 cm root layer of the soil. Uptake by plants of 90Sr is determined, first of all, by the level of the soil contamination. For 137Cs, reliable differences in its accumulation ability between representatives of the higher plants and lower ones are remained in the whole gradient of contamination.

[Clinical and hygienic substantiation of individual biocorrection for ecologically dependent conditions in the critical groups of the population of Ukrainian industrial areas].

In the article there is considered the problem of pollution of the environment and human body with heavy metals, the effectiveness of individual biocorrection in critical groups of the population--pregnant women and children residing in technologically contaminated areas. In spite of the correspondence of the content of abiotic heavy metals to their MACs in the environment, the concentration of lead and cadmium in the internal environment of the organism in 1,6-15,4 times was found to exceed physiological norms that accompanied by a significant deficiency of essential trace elements. Similar situation has been proved to lead to a reduction in mental health and ability to learn in children, as well as to the various complications in pregnancy. The obtained results served as the scientific substantiation of the feasibility of biocorrection of the trace element imbalance ecological dependent states in the population of the industrial region. The proved high clinical effectiveness of this hygienic biocorrection is a scientific justification for widespread introduction of pectin preparations for health promotion, prevention of ecologically dependent states and increasing the adaptive capacity of the organism.

[Clinical hygienic substantiation for the individual biocorrection of ecologically dependent conditions in the critical population groups industrial areas of Ukraine].

In the article there is considered the problem of environmental and human body pollution with heavy metals, the effectiveness of individual biocorrection in critical population groups--pregnant females and children residing in technologically contaminated areas. It was established that, in spite of the correspondence of the content of abiotic heavy metals to their MACs in the environment, the concentration of lead and cadmium in the internal environment of the organism is 1,6-15,4 times larger than physiological norms and accompanied by substantial deficiency of essential trace elements. The similar situation in children was proved to cause the fall in mental capacity and learning ability, in pregnant females--to various complications. The obtained results were the scientific substantiation for the feasibility of performing of biocorrection for trace elements imbalance and ecologically dependent conditions in the population of the industrial region, proved its high clinical and hygienic efficiency, which is the basis for the wide introduction of pectin containing preparations with the aim to enforce the health, prevent ecologically dependent conditions and increasing the adaptive capacity of the organism.

[Characteristics of selenium status in the population from the industrial region of Ukraine].

The paper presents the results of a study of selenium levels in the blood of apparently healthy residents aged 18 to 59 years in technogenically polluted areas (Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine). In women, the selenium levels have been ascertained to be 5-13% higher than those in men. The selenium status in the examinees corresponds to an average of the suboptimal level and 16% lower than the optimal one and significantly lower than that in the control area.

[Remote effects in plant populations from zones of radiation and chemical pollution].

A comparative research of dandelion seed progeny from the coenopopulations growing for a long time in a gradient of radioactive (zone of the East-Ural radioactive trace--EURT) or chemical (zone exposure Nizhny Tagil Metallurgical Plant--NTMP) pollution was carried out. It was revealed that the viability of seeds declined similarly in gradient of the man-caused stress regardless of its nature. Dandelion coenopopulations from the EURT zone, NTMP and the background area significantly differed in the qualitative and quantitative allozyme specifications. The analysis of clonal diversity revealed phenogenetic uniqueness of all coenopopulations. Study of F1-generation metal and radio resistance showed that the seed progeny from the impact EURT zone possessed a high viability but had hidden damage that led to a low resistance to additional man-caused influences. High viability of the seeds in the F1-generation from the NTMP zone combined with increased resistance to the provocative effects of radiation and heavy metals. Significant differences in responses to the "habitual" and "n ew" factors of influence, i.e. effect of pre-adaptation in samples from EURT and NTMP zones were not found.

[The medical support of adolescents].

The detailed analysis of the level and structure of adolescents? morbidity, the structure of causes of restrictions of youth fitness to military service is presented. The article also includes the data on the rate of gynecological disorders, the structure of extra gynecological pathology impacting the possibilities to implement the reproductive function on girls. The major measures to enhance the diagnostic and curative and health-improving care of adolescents are substantiated and developed. The techniques of calculating the additional volumes of medical care and the limits of their financing are presented.

[The impacts of permanent irradiation on the flora of the eastern ural radioactive trace].

In the Eastern Ural Radioactive Trace, concentrations of 90Sr, the main contaminant, in the upper topsoil was estimated to be 40-17000 times over the global level. The density of contamination decreased with the distance from the accident plot according to exponential law. The resulting doze loads shown an excess over the background level of about 1-3 orders of magnitude. Vegetation in the head part of the EURT is represented with synanthropic and seminatural communities undergoing different phases of degradations and recovery successions. Phytocenosis degradation is caused by the failures during the accident, subsequent reinstatement and restoration activities and also by the initial anthropogenic load. The ecological and genetic effects of permanent ionizing radiation on plants are evident from a wider spectrum of variability for all indicators of the living ability of seed posterity and their increased mutability. The effect of radioadaptation, i.e. increased the resistance to the additional irradiation, in the EURT plants was not found.

Heterogeneity of soil contamination by 90Sr and its absorption by herbaceous plants in the East Ural Radioactive Trace area.

A nuclear accident occurred at the production association Mayak in the Urals in 1957. Approximately 74 PBq of radioactive substances were released into the environment, which resulted in the contamination of a vast area, named the East Ural Radioactive Trace (EURT). We have studied the current levels of contamination of soils and plants by 90Sr in the head part of the EURT. The heterogeneity of soil contamination (concentrations and contamination densities) in the EURT zone was considered at three scales. 1) At the macro-level, the soil contamination by 90Sr decreased by three orders of magnitude in the cross section of the zone. 2) At the meso-level, the variability of the soil contamination was estimated within several sectors, selected by the results of macro-scale mapping. 3) At the micro-level, differences in soil contamination between individual samples (0.01 m2) selected at the site (1000 m2) exceeded the one order of magnitude. The similarity of geometric mean (GM) values of the soil contamination was shown, based on the measurements of 3, 25 and 30 soil samples at the micro-level. In 57% of cases, the value of the GM obtained by 3 measurements differed by no >20% from the GM value by 25 measurements. In the most of cases, the differences in GM obtained by these two methods did not exceed 40%. Thus, in small sites it is possible to take only three soil samples to assess the level of soil contamination. We evaluated the absorption variability of 90Sr for six species of herbaceous plants (Rumex confertus, Leonurus quinquelobatus, Arctium tomentosum, Urtica dioica, Lathyrus pratensis, Bromopsis inermis). The range of concentration ratios (CRwo-soil) for 90Sr was 0.003-0.49, and the diapason of aggregated transfer factors (Tag) was 0.56-7.3. The 'plant species' factor determined about 55% of the total variability of CRwo-soil and Tag.

[The clonal structure of dandelion coenopopulations under conditions of radioactive contamination in the Urals].

The diversification of rare and unique morphs of some ferment systems and the clonal structure of dandelion coenopopulations, growing in radioactive contaminated drained watershed and flood-land ecosystems in the Ural region was studied. Drained watershed and flood-land dandelion coenopopulations significantly differed in the number of rare and of unique morphs and in the clonal structure. In the gradient of contamination in the drained watershed coenopopulations (zone of East-Urals radioactive trace) the share of rare morphs in most ferments systems increased, while the number of clones decreased. In two flood-land coenopopulations of the Techa River essential differences in the enzyme structure were observed, but these peculiarities were not connected with the level of radioactive contamination.

Dynamics of mu-rhythm suppression caused by median nerve stimulation: a magnetoencephalographic study in human subjects.

We studied event-related desynchronization (ERD) of the 8-13 Hz rhythm (mu rhythm) of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) caused by contra- and ipsilateral median-nerve stimulation. We used whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) and wavelet analysis together with our newly developed color-coded single-trial ERD display. The somatosensory stimuli suppressed mu rhythm at both contra- and ipsilateral SI, but the attenuation was clearly lateralized, being at least 20% stronger contra- than ipsilaterally. Moreover, repeated stimulation significantly reduced mu-rhythm ERD in the ipsilateral but not in the contralateral hemisphere in the course of the experiment. The observed lateralization is in agreement with the classical concept of a dominant role of the contralateral hemisphere in the processing of somatosensory information. The strong ipsilateral ERD in the beginning of the experiment may reflect the presence of non-specific arousal-like activation, which attenuates toward the end of the experiment.

[The effect of preventive vitamin supplementation on vitamin status and work productivity of conveyer belt workers in light industry]. / Vliianie profilakticheskoi vitaminizatsii na vitaminnyi status i rabotosposobnost' rabotnits konveiernykh proizvodstv legkoi promyshlennosti.

The authors have studied the ways of correcting the vitamin status and influence of vitaminization on working capacity in workwomen in light industry. Prophylactic polyvitaminization (1 dragee of "Undevitum"/day, during 2 months) proved to produce positive effect on the vitamin status parameters (vitamin content in the blood and urine, clinical microsymptoms of vitamin deficiency), and on the dynamics of the physiological parameters of working capacity of workwomen at modern conveyer shoe making industry. It is recommended that persons suffering from chronic diseases influencing vitamin metabolism, first of all those over 45 years, should receive increased doses of prophylactic polyvitamins, thiamine and ascorbic acid, in particular.

[The hygienic validation of the recommended values for fluoride consumption for the adult population]. / Gigienicheskoe obosnovanie rekomenuemykh velichin potrebleniia ftoridov dlia vzroslogo naseleniia.

In trial with 21 health volunteers aged 40 +/- 1.8 years during 21 days was shown that the level of fluoride intake meeting the requirement all participants taking into account the interindividual variations in requirement must be 1.8 mg per day. The range of variation of homeostatic dose for fluoride make up 1.5-1.8 mg. The higher level (up to 4 mg/day) of fluoride intake has no medical or biological advisabilities.

Radionuclides in terrestrial ecosystems of the zone of Kyshtym accident in the Urals.

It was shown that along the Eastern Ural Radioactive Trace central axis, about 100 km in length, decrease of the (90)Sr and (137)Cs deposition densities in soil samples may be described as an exponential function. At the western and eastern periphery of the trace, (90)Sr contents in soils approached to the background level due to global fallout. (90)Sr and (137)Cs concentrations in seeds of some herbaceous plants have been determined. The radionuclide concentrations and the resulting dose loads upon plant seeds showed an excess over the background level of about two or three orders of magnitude.

[Reflection of the type and successfulness of the cognitive activity in the human EEG: application of nonlinear methods in psychophysiology]. / Otrazheniie v EEG cheloveka tipa i uspeshnosti kognitivnoi deiatel'nosti: primenenie nelineinykh metodov v psikhofiziologii.

The information processing by the human brain was studied in two types of cognitive activity: solving a visual-spatial task and a verbal task. One of the Wechsler tests represented a visual-spatial task, whereas a speed-reading was used as a verbal task. A correlation dimension calculated from the EEG time series, was shown to depend on individual capabilities. Subjects with a higher correlation dimension in frontal brain areas executed more successfully the spatial task.