Short-segment transverse myelitis lesions in a cohort of Latin American patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to determine the frequency and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of short-segment transverse myelitis (STM) in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) during a myelitis attack. SETTING: Latin American diagnostic centres (Neuroimmunology Unit). A multicenter study from Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela was performed. METHODS: Seventy-six patients with NMOSD were included. We analyzed 346 attacks and reviewed spinal cord MRIs performed within 30 days from spinal attack onset. Sagittal and axial characteristics on cervical and thoracic MRI (1.5 tesla) were observed. Demographics, clinical, serological, and disability data were collected. RESULTS: Among the 76 patients with NMOSD, isolated STM was observed in 8% (n = 6), multisegmental lesions (longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) + STM) in 28% (n = 21; 13 had at least one STM), LETM in 42% (n = 32), and normal spinal MRI in 22% (n = 17). However, isolated STM was increased by 10% in patients with NMOSD with spinal lesions (6 out of 59) with mean attacks of 2.5 (±0.83) and last follow-up expanded disability status scale (EDSS) of 3.1 (±2.63). Positive aquaporin 4 antibodies (AQP4-ab) were found in 50%. Upper-cervical lesion was most frequently observed (5 out of 6). Myelitis was preceded by ON in all isolated patients with STM. Only one had a positive gadolinium lesion and none of these had asymptomatic spinal cord lesion. CONCLUSION: Isolated STM does not exclude NMOSD diagnosis. Therefore, APQ4-ab testing could be useful during a myelitis attack with STM.

Frequency of brain MRI abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder at presentation: A cohort of Latin American patients.

BACKGROUND: Brain magnetic resonance imaging (BMRI) lesions were classically not reported in neuromyelitis optica (NMO). However, BMRI lesions are not uncommon in NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients. OBJECTIVE: To report BMRI characteristic abnormalities (location and configuration) in NMOSD patients at presentation. METHODS: Medical records and BMRI characteristics of 79 patients with NMOSD (during the first documented attack) in Argentina, Brazil and Venezuela were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: BMRI abnormalities were observed in 81.02% of NMOSD patients at presentation. Forty-two patients (53.1%) showed typical-NMOSD abnormalities. We found BMRI abnormalities at presentation in the brainstem/cerebellum (n = 26; 32.9%), optic chiasm (n = 16; 20.2%), area postrema (n = 13; 16.4%), thalamus/hypothalamus (n = 11; 13.9%), corpus callosum (n = 11; 13.9%), periependymal-third ventricle (n = 9; 11.3%), corticospinal tract (n = 7; 8.8%), hemispheric white matter (n = 1; 1.2%) and nonspecific areas (n = 49; 62.03%). Asymptomatic BMRI lesions were more common. The frequency of brain MRI abnormalities did not differ between patients who were positive and negative for aquaporin 4 antibodies at presentation. CONCLUSION: Typical brain MRI abnormalities are frequent in NMOSD at disease onset.

Miastenia gravis análise de 90 casos tratados com timectomia myasthenia gravis

A Miastenia Gravis é uma doença auto-imune caracterizada por auto-anticorpos contra receptores nicotínicos de acetilcolina da placa neural. O tratamento clínico básico para as formas generalizadas é feito com drogas anticolenesterásicas, mas em algumas fases podem ser necessários outras modalidades de tratamento, tais como a corticoterapia e a plasmaferese. O tratamento cirúrgico, a timectomia, é uma forma de abordar a causa base da doença e tem resultados bastante encorajadores, visto que é atribuída ao timo a produção dos auto-anticorpos. Apresentamos neste trabalho o quadro clínico, os resultados cirúrgicos e as alteração anátomo-patológicas dos 90 casos estudados.