Rare case of bronchoscopic debulking of endobronchial leiomyoma.

An endobronchial leiomyoma is a rare benign tumour of lung. It occurs from the smooth muscle of tracheobronchial tree or within lung parenchyma. It presents less than 2% of all benign lung tumours. We present a case report of a 39-year-old male, ex-smoker, with no family history of malignancies, presenting with cough and dyspnoea for 7 months with no symptomatic relief. CAT scan thorax showed well-defined oblong soft tissue mass lesion 24.2 mm × 15.4 mm in right major bronchus compromising central lumen. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed an endobronchial mass at right major bronchus. Patient underwent rigid bronchoscopy with endobronchial mass excision with an electrocautery snare and cryoprobe in the same seating. Complete debulking of tumour was achieved and histopathology report was suggestive of leiomyoma. Prompt investigations and intervention can give favourable outcomes in cases of endobronchial tumours.

Analyzing the clinical profile of swine flu/influenza A H1N1 infection in central India: a retrospective study.

Recently, India reported an increase in swine flu (influenza A H1N1) activity. There are limited studies on epidemiology of swine flu in Indian context. This study aims to analyze clinical and epidemiological profile of suspected swine flu cases in central India. 171 cases were included in a hospital based, observational, descriptive study conducted from December 2014 to April 2015. Demographics, clinical presentation and outcome of positive and negative cases were compared. Data was analyzed using STATA software. Distribution by age, sex and residence was found similar (p > 0.05) in positive and negative cases. Cough (89%), fever (85%) and throat irritation (51%) were chief complaints (avg. duration = 4.9 days). History of travel, history of contact with swine flu cases (p = 0.002) and history of visiting crowded places (p = 0.098) was reported considerably in higher proportion in positive cases as compared to negative cases. There were 14 deaths and they occurred significantly in younger age among positive cases as compared to negatives (Mean ± SD: 34 ± 2.8 vs 47 ± 8.4 years). Case fatality ratio (CFR) in positive cases showing history of travel, contact with swine flu cases, requiring invasive ventilator support and >3 X-ray zones involvement were significantly higher. Outbreak in later part of winter, high case fatality and younger population is more affected. In this study, swine flu infection and outbreaks started later in the year Hospital stay and CFR were increased. Understanding the swine flu infection, changing clinical presentation of swine flu and formulate new strategies for its prevention and management.