Clinical impact of multiple DNA virus infections in nondepleted haploidentical and unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Few studies have compared the clinical impact of multiple DNA-virus infections in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) with posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) and unrelated donor allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (UD-HSCT) with thymoglobulin, so we retrospectively analyzed viral infections in the first 6 mo posttransplant in these scenarios. Fifty-nine patients underwent to haplo-HSCT, and 68 to UD-HSCT. The most frequent infection was cytomegalovirus (CMV) (76.3% in haplo-HSCT and 69.1% in UD-HSCT) (P = .878) and in the group of patients with CMV reactivation, maximal CMV viral load over 2500 UI/ml correlated with worse overall survival-hazard ratio (HR) 1.93 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-3.59) P = .03. The cumulative incidence of multiple DNA virus within 180 d of posttransplant was 78.7% for one virus and 28.4% for two or more viruses with no difference regarding the type of transplant. Viral infections, age, and acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) grades II-IV were risk factors for worse overall survival in multivariate analyses: one virus HR 2.53 (95% CI 1.03-6.17) P = .04, two or more viruses HR 3.51 (95% CI 1.37-9) P < .01, age HR 1.03 (95% CI 1.02-1.05) P < .01 and acute GVHD II-IV HR 1.97 (95% CI 1.13-3.43) P = .01. Also, age over 50 y HR 4.25 (95% CI 2.01-8.97) P < .001, second CMV reactivation or having both CMV and BK polyomavirus (BKV) HR 2.65 (95% CI 1.26-5.56) P = .01 and acute GVHD grades II-IV HR 2.23 (95% CI 1.12-4.43) P = .022 were risk factors for nonrelapse mortality in the multivariate analyses. In conclusion, multiple DNA-virus infections are frequent in both haplo-HSCT and UD-HSCT and a risk factor for worse overall survival.

Transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas para tumores sólidos: recomendações do Consenso Brasileiro de Transplante de Medula Óssea / Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in solid tumors: the Brazilian Consensus on Stem Cell Transplantation

O transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas autólogo permite o escalonamento de dose de drogas quimioterápicas e é uma estratégia atraente para tratamento de tumores sólidos, principalmente em doenças recaídas. Não há, no entanto, estudos randomizados fase III que demonstrem benefício deste procedimento em tumor sólido. Em tumor germinativo de testículo, há estudos fase II com excelentes resultados, proporcionando cura para doentes refratários a platina ou que estão em terceira linha de quimioterapia. Com base nisto, o transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas autólogo é considerado tratamento padrão para tumor germinativo recaído. Para câncer de mama, o papel desta modalidade de tratamento permanece controverso apesar dos vinte anos de experiência. Ainda é utilizado em ensaios clínicos e talvez exista algum subgrupo que se beneficie. O procedimento não oferece benefício para câncer de ovário, pulmão ou tumor cerebral. O transplante alogeneico de células-tronco hematopoéticas para tumores sólidos se baseia no efeito enxerto-contra-tumor, que é observado para algumas doenças: câncer mamário, colorretal, ovariano, pancreático e, finalmente, renal, em que há a maior experiência. Porém, o tratamento ainda é considerado experimental.

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which allows chemotherapy dose-escalonation, is an attractive strategy for solid tumors treatment, specially relapsed diseases. However, there are no phase III trials showing benefits. There are phase II trials showing excellent results for germ cell tumors, including cure for platinrefractory and heavily pretreated patients. Because of this, autologous stem cell transplantation is considered standard of care for relapsed germ cell tumor. The role of this treatment remains controversial for breast cancer despite twenty years of experience. It's still done in clinical trials and it may benefit a subgroup of patients. The procedure offers no benefit for ovary, lung or cerebral cancer. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for solid tumors relies on graft versus tumor effect, which is observed for some diseases: breast, colorectal, ovarian, pancreatic and, at last, kidney cancer, for which there is most experience. This treatment, however, is still experimental.