Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant role of ursolic acid in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.

BACKGROUND: Ursolic acid (UA) is found in many plants, and has been reported to have anti-protease, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, and cardioprotective effects. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ursolic acid in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to 4 equal groups: Sham, acute pancreatitis, treatment, and ursolic acid group. RESULTS: Serum amylase levels in the AP and treatment groups were significantly higher than in the others (p < 0.05). In addition, serum IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the AP group in comparison with the treatment group. Although pancreatic tissue total oxidant activity in the AP and treatment groups was similar, pancreatic tissue total antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the AP group. CONCLUSIONS: Damage to the pancreas and remote organs in AP was observed to be reduced by UA. In addition, oxidative stress was observed to be decreased by the effect of UA.

ANTECEDENTES: El ácido ursólico se encuentra en numerosas plantas y se ha informado que tiene efectos antiproteasas, antioxidantes, antiinflamatorios, antimicrobianos, nefroprotectores, hepatoprotectores y cardioprotectores. OBJETIVO: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos del ácido ursólico en la pancreatitis aguda inducida por ceruleína. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Treinta y dos ratas albinas Wistar fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a cuatro grupos iguales: grupo simulado, grupo de pancreatitis aguda, grupo de tratamiento y grupo de ácido ursólico. RESULTADOS: Los niveles de amilasa sérica en los grupos de pancreatitis aguda y de tratamiento fueron significativamente más altos que en los otros grupos (p < 0.05). Además, los niveles séricos de IL-1ß, IL-6 y TNF-α fueron significativamente más altos en el grupo de pancreatitis aguda en comparación con el grupo de tratamiento. Aunque la actividad oxidante total del tejido pancreático en ambos grupos fue similar, la capacidad antioxidante total del tejido pancreático en el grupo de tratamiento fue significativamente mayor. CONCLUSIÓN: Se observó que el ácido ursólico reduce el daño al páncreas y órganos remotos en la pancreatitis aguda, al igual que el estrés oxidativo.

A novel diagnostic scoring system for pediatric appendicitis based on age and sex-adjusted hematological parameters.

BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis diagnosis can sometimes be a real challenge in pediatric patients. OBJECTIVE: To establish the importance of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and other hematological parameters adjusted for age and sex in the prediction of acute appendicitis, as well as to describe a new scoring system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Medical records of 946 children hospitalized for acute appendicitis were retrospectively analyzed. A scoring system based on NLR, PLR, lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) adjusted for age and sex was developed. RESULTS: Patients were divided into group I, with negative examination, and group II, with acute appendicitis; mean ages were 12.20 ± 2.31 and 11.56 ± 3.11, respectively. Leukocyte count, neutrophil percentage, NLR, PLR, LMR and PCR were higher in group II. The scores ranged from 0 to 8 points; 4.5 was determined to be the best cut-off point for acute appendicitis with the highest area under the curve (0.96), sensitivity (94%), specificity (86%), positive predictive value (97.5%), negative predictive value (65%), accuracy (92.6%) and misclassification rate (7.4%). CONCLUSION: The proposed scoring system, calculated based on patient age and gender, can be used for unnecessary surgeries to be avoided.

ANTECEDENTES: El diagnóstico de apendicitis aguda representa un reto en pacientes pediátricos. OBJETIVO: Establecer la importancia del índice neutrófilos-linfocitos (INL), índice plaquetas-linfocitos (IPL) y otros parámetros hematológicos ajustados por edad y sexo en la predicción de apendicitis aguda, así como describir un nuevo sistema de calificación. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizaron retrospectivamente expedientes clínicos de 946 niños hospitalizados por apendicitis aguda. Se desarrolló un sistema de calificación basado en INL, IPL, ILM y proteína C reactiva (PCR) ajustados por edad y sexo. RESULTADOS: Los pacientes se dividieron en grupo I de exploración negativa y grupo II de apendicitis aguda; las medias de edad correspondientes fueron 12.20 ± 2.31 y 11.56 ± 3.11. El recuento leucocitario, porcentaje de neutrófilos, INL, IPL, ILM y PCR fueron superiores en el grupo II. La calificación osciló entre 0 y 8 puntos; se determinó que 4.5 fue el mejor punto de corte para apendicitis aguda con mayor área bajo la curva (0.96), sensibilidad (94 %), especificidad (86 %), valor predictivo positivo (97.5 %), valor predictivo negativo (65 %), precisión (92.6 %) y tasa de clasificación errónea (7.4 %). CONCLUSIÓN: El sistema de calificación que se propone, calculado por edad y sexo de los pacientes, se puede utilizar para evitar cirugías innecesarias.

Crystallized phenol for treatment of pilonidal sinus disease in children: a comparative clinical study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to present our experience in the use of crystallized phenol (CP) to treat pediatric patients with 'simple' and complex' Pilonidal sinus disease (PSD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent CP treatment in between January 2015 and January 2020 were evaluated retrospectively, using prospectively collected data. The patients were divided into simple and complicated groups. The groups were assigned depending on the number of sinuses and clinical presentation. The groups were compared in terms of age, sex, number of sessions, cost analysis, body mass index (BMI), recurrence, time resolution, cosmetic results, results /improvement, and complications. RESULTS: This study included 54 patients: 28 (52%) girls and 26 (48%) boys. The mean number of sinuses was 2.4. Symptoms included discharge in 50 (92%) patients, and pain in 42 (78%) patients. Fifty (93%) patients experienced mild pain during the procedure, whereas four (7%) patients had moderate pain. The mean number of CP sessions was 2.9; mean numbers of CP sessions were 2.2 and 4.2 in the Simple and Complicated groups. In total, 5 of 54 patients (9%) had recurrence.At the end of treatment, therapeutic success was achieved in 49 of 54 (91%) patients: 31 of 33 (94%) patients in the Simple group and 18 of 21 patients (86%) in the complicated group. The mean treatment cost for the whole cohort was $17.40. One patient (2%) presented with moderate skin burns. Cosmesis was deemed acceptable by patients, although there was evidence of minor skin burns following the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The findings showed that the CP procedure was advantageous for treatment of PSD, because it was minimally invasive, cost-effective, provided good cosmesis, and had a high success rate and low complication rate. Furthermore, it did not require prior examination, and could be performed under local anesthesia. Therefore, the CP procedure may be useful as a first-line treatment option in children with PSD.

Investigation of water and salt flux performances of polyamide coated tubular electrospun nanofiber membrane under pressure.

In this study, a novel osmotic membrane was developed by polyamide (PA) coating on the tubular electrospun nanofiber (TuEN) support membrane. Water and reverse salt flux properties of the obtained membrane were investigated by applying pressure in addition to the osmotic forces. Surface characterization of the membrane was carried out by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses and flux performance tests were performed in both cross flow and submerged membrane setups. Applying pressure from the feed to the concentrate side had significant effects on the water and salt fluxes. Higher pressure differences between the feed and concentrate sides resulted in unexpected high water fluxes up to 500 Lm-2h-1 (LMH). Besides, the pressure helps to transfer the salt content of feed water into the concentrate side, differently from the osmotic process preventing the salinity build-up at the feed side. PA coated TuEN membrane operated under pressure will exhibit a favorable solution in water/wastewater treatment applications, especially for membrane bioreactors (MBR) in terms of preventing salt accumulation in the bioreactor, decreasing the membrane fouling, increasing the volume of product water, and enabling the concentrate management.

Prophylactic Administration of Silybin Ameliorates L-Arginine-Induced Acute Pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND Oxidative stress have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effect of silybin, a potent antioxidant, on L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in an experimental rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty female Wistar Albino rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: Group 1 (C): control group (n=8), Group 2 (SL): silybin group (n=8), Group 3 (LA): acute pancreatitis group (n=8), Group 4 (SLLA): prophylaxis group (n=8), and Group 5 (LASL): treatment group (n=8). Group C (control) received 2 intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of physiological saline at an interval of 1 h. Group SL received only a single i.p. injection of silybin. The SLLA group received a single i.p. injection of silybin before the induction of acute pancreatitis with L-arginine, whereas the LASL group received the same injection after the induction of acute pancreatitis with L-arginine. Pancreatic tissues were histopathologically examined. Levels of amylase and oxidative stress markers (total oxidant status and total anti-oxidant status) were determined in the blood samples. Oxidative stress index was calculated. RESULTS In comparison to the LA, the prophylaxis and treatment groups showed significant improvements in serum oxidative stress parameters (p=0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). Histopathological analysis showed that the treatment group had significant improvements in edema scores only (p=0.006), whereas the prophylaxis group had the same improvements in inflammation and necrosis scores as well as in total scores (p=0.004, 0.006, and 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS When used for prophylactic rather than therapeutic purposes, silybin ameliorates serum oxidative stress parameters and improves histopathological results via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Management of gastrointestinal perforation from blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma in children: analysis of 96 patients.

AIM: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic methods, concomitant organ injuries, factors affecting mortality and morbidity, treatment methods, and outcomes of patients treated for traumatic gastrointestinal (GI) perforation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of 96 patients who had been treated for GI perforation between January 2000 and October 2015. Data were collected and organised according to the following categories: general patient information, age, gender, hospitalisation period, trauma mechanisms, concomitant injuries, radiological assessment, diagnosis and treatment methods, treatment forms, and complications. The cases were divided into two groups, blunt and penetrating traumas, and the patients within each group were compared. Colorectal trauma cases were not included in this study. Patients suspected of a GI perforation were assessed by standing plain abdominal radiograph (SPAR) and ultrasound scan (US). Patients who had a normal SPAR, and showed free or viscous fluid in the abdomen on US underwent computed tomography (CT) scanning. Surgery was performed if patients displayed free air in the abdomen on a SPAR or CT scan, showed viscous fluid without any additional injury, provided normal radiological images but displayed signs of peritonitis, or were clinically unstable. The patients were scored according to the Injury Severity Score (ISS) system. RESULTS: In total, 96 patients, with an average age of 10.3 ± 4 years (1-17 years) and diagnosed with a GI perforation, were reviewed retrospectively. The patients included 88 (91 %) males and 8 (9 %) females. The presence of free air on SPAR was detected in 42 (52 %) patients, whereas no free air was detected in 39 (48 %) patients. Non-specific significant findings were detected in 45 (76 %) out of 59 patients by USS, and in 78 % of patients by CT (viscous fluid, fluid, free air). The most affected organ was the ileum, which was detected in 37 (39 %) patients. Primary repair was performed on 71 (74 %) patients, while resection was performed on 22 (23 %); 3 (3 %) patients underwent an ostomy. Ten (10 %) patients experienced complications and five (5 %) patients died. The ISS scores for blunt and penetrating traumas were 14, 15 and no significant difference was detected between the scores (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although the complication rate for patients with penetrating trauma was higher than for those with blunt trauma, the rate of mortality increased in patients with blunt trauma. Free air may not be detected by SPAR even if a GI perforation exists. Since diagnostic challenges may increase the rate of mortality and morbidity in GI perforations, we believe that a combination of radiological imaging and rapid abdominal examination is important in cases where SPAR cannot detect free air.

Congenital-infantile fibrosarcoma of the ileocecal region: the first case presentation.

Infantile fibrosarcoma is a very rare soft tissue tumor that originates most commonly in the body and extremities. We present a neonate with an infantile fibrosarcoma that originated in the ileocecal region and was detected incidentally without symptoms. This is the first case of fibrosarcoma reported in the ileocecal region.

Predicting pseudocyst formation following pancreatic trauma in pediatric patients.

BACKGROUND: There are insufficient data on pre-screening for pancreatic pseudocysts (PC) following pancreatic trauma. This study investigated the use of radiological and laboratory testing for predicting the development of pancreatic pseudocysts after trauma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical records of all pediatric patients presenting with pancreatic trauma between January 2003 and December 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) scores of Grade 3-5 were enrolled. The patients were divided into groups that developed [Group 1 (n = 20)] and did not develop [Group 2 (n = 18)] PC. The patients were evaluated in terms of their baseline characteristics, additional injuries, Injury Severity Score (ISS), pancreatic injury site, blood amylase levels 2 h and 10-15 days after the trauma, clinical presentation, and duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay. FINDINGS: We followed 38 patients. Of the patients in Group 1, 70 % had an injury to the tail of the pancreas. The ISS trauma scores and durations of hospitalization and ICU stay were significantly greater in Group 2 (p < 0.05). The mean blood amylase level on Day 1 was 607 U/L (range 183-801 U/L) in Group 1 and 314 U/L (range 25-631 U/L) in Group 2; the respective levels on Day 10 were 838 U/L (range 123-2951 U/L) and 83.2 U/L (range 35-164 U/L). The serum amylase levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in Group 1 than in Group 2 on Days 1 and 10. Four patients developed complications and two patients died. CONCLUSION: Pancreatic pseudocyst formation is more likely in patients with AAST Grade 3 pancreatic injury, also serum amylase levels ten times greater than normal 2 h after the trauma, and persistently elevated serum amylase levels 10-15 days following the trauma.

Management and treatment of liver injury in children.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess the causes of trauma that result in liver injury and additional solid organ injuries, management types and results of management in children referred to our clinic for liver injuries. METHODS: The records of 52 patients who were managed for liver injuries due to blunt abdominal trauma between January 2005-2010 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The patients were 1-17 (8.3±5.4) years old; 32 (62%) were male and 20 (38%) were female. Causes of injuries included pedestrian traffic accidents (19, 37%), falls from height (15, 29%), passenger traffic accidents (8, 15%), bicycle accidents (8, 15%), and objects falling on the body (2, 4%). Isolated liver injury was present in 32 patients (62%), while 20 patients (38%) had other organ injuries. Liver injuries were grade I in 6 patients (12%), grade II in 14 (28%), grade III in 22 (43%), grade IV in 9 (17%), and grade V in 1 (2%). Forty-five patients (87%) were managed conservatively in this series of liver injury, whereas seven patients (13%) who had unstable vital signs underwent surgery. The mortality rate, duration of stay in intensive care and hospital, and number of blood transfusions were higher in surgically managed patients, while hemoglobin level and blood pressure were significantly lower in surgically managed patients. CONCLUSION: As a result, conservative management should be preferred in patients with liver injuries who are hemodynamically stable. Conservative management has some advantages, including shorter duration of stay in hospital, less need for blood transfusion and lower morbidity and mortality rates.

Comparison of Single-incision Laparoscopic Percutaneous and Cystoscope Forceps Assisted Morgagni Hernia Repair Techniques.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to compare single-incision laparoscopic percutaneous and cystoscope forceps-assisted Morgagni hernia repair techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 patients were allocated to two groups, each with 20 patients. Group 1: Single incision (port) laparoscopic surgical percutaneous Morgagni hernia repair (with a 5 mm Storz laparoscopic scope entered through the umbilicus). Group 2: Single incision (port) laparoscopic surgical percutaneous Morgagni hernia repair (with an 11 Fr [3.6 mm] cystoscope entered through the umbilicus + using forceps + sac plication, and sac cauterization). In Group 1; the sac was not removed. In group 2; we advanced the forceps through the cystoscope, caught the sac, pushed the needle through the sac, plicated the sac, and then cauterized the sac with Bugbee electrode. RESULTS: Of the 40 patients, 70 % (n = 28) were male. The symptoms at admission included repeated chest infections (40 %), dyspnea (30 %), vomiting (22 %), and abdominal pain (22 %). No difference was found between groups in terms of age, gender symptomatology, or associated anomalies. The operation time was shorter in group 2 compared to group 1 (p < 0.05; 25 min vs 40 min). Although there was one recurrence in Group 1, no recurrence was reported in Group 2. The recurrence incidence did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cystoscope-assisted repair of Morgagni hernia was found to be superior in terms of safety and shorter operation time. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Type III. TYPE OF THE STUDY: Retrospective study.

Can direct bilirubin-to-lymphocyte ratio predict surgery for pediatric adhesive small bowel obstruction?

OBJECTIVE: Estimating which patients might require surgical intervention is crucial. Patients with complete bowel obstructions exhibit disrupted enterohepatic cycles of bile and bacteremia due to bacterial translocation. The goal of this study was to develop a prediction index using laboratory inflammatory data to identify patients who may need surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patients were divided into two groups based on their management strategy: Non-operative management (Group 1) and surgical management (Group 2). RESULTS: The indirect bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and total bilirubin were significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-NLR (PNLR), and direct bilirubin-to-lymphocyte ratio (DBR) were significantly higher in Group 2 compared to Group 1 (p = 0.041, p = 0.020, and p < 0.001, respectively). In group 2, 78% have viable bowels. Resection was performed in 40% of cases, with 12% mortality and a 10-day average hospital stay. DLR performs the best overall accuracy (72%), demonstrating a well-balanced sensitivity (62%) and specificity (81%). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggested that DBR is a more accurate predictive index for surgical intervention in pediatric adhesive small bowel obstruction patients compared to NLR and PNLR, providing valuable guidance for treatment strategies.

OBJETIVO: Desarrollar un índice de predicción utilizando datos inflamatorios de laboratorio para identificar qué pacientes podrían necesitar cirugía. MÉTODO: Los pacientes se dividieron en dos grupos según su estrategia de manejo: no quirúrgico (grupo 1) o quirúrgico (grupo 2). RESULTADOS: Las bilirrubinas indirecta, directa y total fueron significativamente más altas en el grupo 2 que en el grupo 1 (p = 0.001, p < 0.001 y p < 0.001, respectivamente). Las relaciones neutrófilos-linfocitos, plaquetas-neutrófilos-linfocitos y bilirrubina directa-linfocitos fueron significativamente más altas en el grupo 2 que en el grupo 1 (p = 0.041, p = 0.020 y p < 0.001, respectivamente). En el grupo 2, el 78% tenían intestino viable. Se realizó resección en el 40% de los casos, con un 12% de mortalidad y una estancia hospitalaria promedio de 10 días. La relación bilirrubina directa-linfocitos tuvo la mejor precisión general (72%), demostrando una sensibilidad bien equilibrada (62%) y una buena especificidad (81%). CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio sugiere que la relación bilirrubina directa-linfocitos es un índice predictivo más preciso para la intervención quirúrgica en pacientes pediátricos con obstrucción adhesiva de intestino delgado en comparación con la de neutrófilos-linfocitos y la de plaquetas-neutrófilos-linfocitos, proporcionando una valiosa orientación para las estrategias de tratamiento.

Protective effects of Passiflora Incarnata on ischemia-reperfusion injury in testicular torsion: an experimental study in a rat model.

OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to explore the potential protective effect of Passiflora Incarnata L., (PI) in treating IR injury after testicular torsion in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research investigated the impact of PI on IR damage in male Wistar albino rats. Animals were divided to three groups: group 1 (sham), group 2 (IR), and group 3 (IR+PI). RESULTS: The malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and glutathione (GSH) levels did not significantly differ across the groups (p = 0.830, p = 0.153 and p=0.140, respectively). However, Group 3 demonstrated a superior total antioxidant status (TAS) value compared to Group 2 (p = 0.020). Concurrently, Group 3 presented a significantly diminished mean total oxidant status (TOS) relative to Group 2 (p = 0.009). Furthermore, Group 3 showed a markedly improved Johnsen score relative to Group 2 (p < 0.01). IR caused cell degeneration, apoptosis, and fibrosis in testicular tissues. PI treatment, however, mitigated these effects, preserved seminiferous tubule integrity and promoted regular spermatogenesis. Furthermore, it reduced expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Bax, and Annexin V, signifying diminished inflammation and apoptosis, thereby supporting cell survival (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that PI significantly reduces oxidative stress and testicular damage, potentially benefiting therapies for IR injuries.

OBJETIVO: Explorar el posible efecto protector de Passiflora incarnata L. (PI) en el tratamiento de la lesión por isquemia-reperfusión (IR) después de una torsión testicular en ratas. MÉTODO: Se estudió el impacto de Passiflora incarnata en el daño por IR en ratas Wistar albinas machos. Los animales se dividieron tres grupos: 1 (simulado), 2 (IR) y 3 (IR+PI). RESULTADOS: Los niveles de malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) y glutathione (GSH) no difirieron significativamente entre los grupos (p = 0.830, p = 0.153 y p = 0.140, respectivamente). Sin embargo, el grupo 3 tuvo un valor de estado antioxidante total (TAS) superior en comparación con el grupo 2 (p = 0.020). Al mismo tiempo, el grupo 3 presentó un estado oxidante total (TOS) medio significativamente disminuido en comparación con el grupo 2 (p = 0.009). El grupo 3 mostró una mejora notable en la puntuación de Johnsen en comparación con el grupo 2 (p < 0.01). La IR causó degeneración celular, apoptosis y fibrosis en los tejidos testiculares. El tratamiento con PI mitigó estos efectos, preservó la integridad de los túbulos seminíferos y promovió la espermatogénesis regular. Además, redujo la expresión de factor de necrosis tumoral alfa, Bax y anexina V, lo que significa una disminución de la inflamación y de la apoptosis, respaldando así la supervivencia celular (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 y p < 0.01, respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio reveló que PI reduce significativamente el estrés oxidativo y el daño testicular, beneficiando potencialmente las terapias para lesiones por IR.

The beneficial effects of the transanastomotic feeding tube in the management of congenital duodenal obstruction: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the evidence on the efficacy and safety of transanastomotic feeding tubes (TAFTs) in neonates with congenital duodenal obstruction (CDO), we conducted a systematic review. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using the databases EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane, we carried out a thorough literature search up to 2022. Studies comparing TAFT + and TAFT - for CDO were included. We applied a random effect model. RESULTS: 505 CDO patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected. The TAFT + group had a shorter time to reach full feeds (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -6.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -8.83 - -4.43; p < 0.001) and had significantly less central venous catheter (CVC) insertion (I2 = 85%) (RR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19-1.00; p < 0.05). Fewer patients in the TAFT + group received parenteral nutrition (PN) (I2 = 78%) (RR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.20-0.95; p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of the development of sepsis (I2 = 37%) (risk ratio [RR]: 1.35, 95% CI: 0.52-3.46; p > 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of length of stay (I2 = 82%) (WMD: 2.22, 95% CI: -7.59-12.03; p > 0.05) and mortality (I2 = 0%) (RR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.07-4.34; p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of the transanastomotic tube resulted in early initiation of full feeding, less CVC insertion, and less need for PN.

OBJETIVO: Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la evidencia sobre la eficacia y seguridad de TAFT en recién nacidos con CDO, realizamos una revisión sistemática. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Utilizando las bases de datos EMBASE, PubMed y Cochrane, realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica exhaustiva hasta 2022. Se incluyeron estudios que compararan TAFT + y TAFT - para CDO. Aplicamos un modelo de efectos aleatorios. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionaron 505 pacientes con ODC que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. El grupo TAFT + tuvo un tiempo más corto para alcanzar la alimentación completa (DMP -6.63, IC del 95 %: −8.83 a −4.43; p < 0.001) y tuvo una inserción de CVC significativamente menor. Menos pacientes en grupo TAFT + recibieron NP (I2 = 78%) (RR: 0.43, IC del 95%: 0.20 a 0.95; p < 0.05). No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa en cuanto al desarrollo de sepsis. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a la duración de la estancia (I2 = 82 %) (DMP 2.22, IC del 95 %: −7.59 a 12.03; p < 0.05) y mortalidad (I2=0 %) (RR: 0.55, IC del 95 % 0.07 a 4.34; p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONES: El uso de la sonda transanastomótica resultó en el inicio temprano de la alimentación completa, menor inserción de CVC y menor necesidad de NP.

Analysis of mortality and long-term outcomes of pediatric patients with tracheoesophageal fistula/esophageal atresia.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: This study analyzed factors that affect mortality in patients surgically treated for EA, then explored the long-term problems encountered by these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 252 patients with EA who were either diagnosed, treated, and subsequently followed at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dicle University Medical Faculty Hospital, or were treated surgically elsewhere but followed at our center, between January 2010 and January 2020,214 patients were included in the study. RESULTS: Early complications:One or more early complications were observed in 132(62.5%) of the 211 patients who underwent surgical EA repair. The most common early complication was AS, which developed in 106(50.2%) patients. Anastomosis leakage. Was detected in 48 (22.7%) patients. Late complications: The late findings of 161 patients who underwent definitive surgery and had a mean follow-up period of 68 months (range, 6-120 months) were evaluated. The most common late complication was GER. MORTALITY: Of the 214 patients in our study, 63(29.4%) died, including 48(76.2%) during the early period after the first surgery. Of the 10(15.9%) patients who died during the late period. CONCLUSION: In our study, the most common early complication was anastomotic stenosis in patients with esophageal atresia. We recommend balloon dilation in the treatment of anastomotic stenosis.Gastroesophageal reflux is the most common long-term complication. Most of these can be treated conservatively and medically. The association of low birth weight, cardiac anomalies, prematurity and VACTERL increased mortality in patients with esophageal atresia in our study. KEY WORDS: Esophageal Atresia, Morbidity, Late Period, Mortality, Tracheoesophageal Fistula.

Effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in urolithiasis patients under 2 years of age.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we present our extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) outcomes in urolithiasis patients under the age of two. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The procedure was performed with patients < 2 years of age sedated, under anesthesia using ketamine and Dormicum (midazolam), in the supine position. Fragmentation was evaluated by fluoroscopy after the procedure. RESULTS: A total of 74 procedures were performed on 65 kidneys. One patient with bilateral stones had two sessions of ESWL on the right side; three sessions of ESWL were performed in one patient with a unilateral stone, and two sessions were performed in seven patients with unilateral stones. All other patients underwent one session of ESWL. As post-procedural complications, hematuria was observed in 14 patients (12 mild and 2 significant), and vomiting occurred in 1 patient. Ureterorenoscopy was performed in 5 patients, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy in 6 patients due to a failed procedure. CONCLUSION: As a result, ESWL treatment is effective and has advantages such as a short hospitalization time, good reproducibility, cost-effectiveness, and a low rate of complications. Therefore, we recommend ESWL as the first-line treatment for renal and proximal ureteral stones in infants < 2 years of age.

OBIETIVO: En este estudio, presentamos nuestros resultados de ESWL en pacientes con urolitiasis menores de dos años. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El procedimiento se realizó con pacientes menores de dos años sedados, bajo anestesia con ketamina y Dormicum (midazolam), en posición supina. La fragmentación se evaluó mediante fluoroscopia después del procedimiento. RESULTADOS: Se realizaron total de 74 procedimientos en 65 riñones. Un paciente con cálculos bilaterales tuvo dos sesiones de ESWL en el lado derecho; se realizaron tres sesiones de LEOC en un paciente con litiasis unilateral y dos sesiones en siete pacientes con litiasis unilateral. Todos los demás pacientes se sometieron a una sesión de ESWL. Como complicaciones post-procedimiento se observó hematuria en 14 pacientes (12 leves y 2 significativas) y vómitos en 1 paciente. Se realizó URS en 5 pacientes y NLP en 6 pacientes debido a un procedimiento fallido. CONCLUSIONES: Como resultado, el tratamiento de la ESWL es efectivo y tiene ventajas como un tiempo de hospitalización corto, buena reproducibilidad, costo-efectividad y baja tasa de complicaciones. Por tanto, recomendamos la ESWL como tratamiento de primera línea para cálculos renales y ureterales proximales en bebés < 2 años de edad.

Protective effects of passiflora incarnata on ovarian ischemia/reperfusion damage in rats with ovarian torsion.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate whether Passiflora Incarnata (PI) has a protective effect against ischemia-reperfu-sion (IR)-induced oxidative and inflammatory ovarian damage. METHODS: The effects of PI on ovarian ischemia-reperfusion injury were investigated in female Wistar albino rats. The animals were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1 (sham), Group 2 (IR), and Group 3 (IR+PI). RESULTS: The mean levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and Total Oxidant Status (TOS) were higher in the IR group (p=0.025, p<0.001, and p=0.016, respectively). The Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) levels were lower in the IR group (p=0.005). Immunostaining revealed significant differences across the groups for Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α): 13.84%, 49.51%, and 22.51% for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p<0.01). Bax: 10.53%, 46.74%, and 26.46% for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p<0.01). Annexin V: 12.24%, 44.86%, and 23.28% for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p<0.01). The mean scores for hemorrhage, inflammation, follicular degeneration, and congestion showed significant variations among the groups, all registering p<0.001. CONCLUSION: Passiflora Incarnata exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, promoting cell survival, histologically protecting ovarian tissue, and ameliorating IR injury by reducing oxidative stress.

The effect of low-dose Cordyceps on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the kidney in rats.

OBJECTIVE: None of studies have been conducted in terms of demonstrating the same effect with the low dose in cordycepin. In our study, we analyzed the histopathological and biochemical changes of low-dose Cordycepin(c) on a rat model in the kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar Albino rats were randomly allocated to three groups (n = 8): the sham-control group (Group 1), the renal I/R-untreated (Group 2) group, and the I/R-C-treated (Group 3) group. Cordyceps was administered intraperitoneally at 5 mg/kg twice. Renal histological changes were compared and the relevant parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation were detected. RESULTS: In blood and tissue biochemistry, it was observed that IL-1 Beta, IL 6, TNF alpha, MDA, TOS, and OSI increased in Group 2 and decreased in Group 3. It was determined that TAS values were increased in Group 3, and decreased in Group 2. In the histopathological evaluation, while Group 1 was evaluated as normal, significant kidney damage was detected in Group 2. It was determined that there was a significant decrease in kidney damage in Group 3. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that low dose Cordycepin was as effective as normal dose on renal ischemic reperfusion and reduction of damage.

OBJETIVO: Ninguno de los estudios se ha realizado en términos de demostrar el mismo efecto con la dosis baja de cordicepina. En nuestro estudio, analizamos los cambios histopatológicos y bioquímicos de Cordycepin(c) en dosis bajas en un modelo de rata con isquemia-reperfusión (I/R) inducida en el riñón. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Veinticuatro ratas macho Wistar Albino se asignaron al azar a tres grupos (n = 8): el grupo de control simulado (Grupo 1), el grupo sin tratamiento I/R renal (Grupo 2) y el grupo tratado con I/R-C (Grupo 3). Cordyceps se administró por vía intraperitoneal a 5 mg/kg dos veces. Se compararon los cambios histológicos renales y se detectaron los parámetros relevantes de estrés oxidativo e inflamación. RESULTADOS: En bioquímica sanguínea y tisular se observó que IL-1 Beta, IL 6, TNF alfa, MDA, TOS y OSI aumentaron en el Grupo 2 y disminuyeron en el Grupo 3. Se determinó que los valores de TAS aumentaron en el Grupo 3, y disminuyó en el Grupo 2. En la evaluación histopatológica, mientras que el Grupo 1 fue evaluado como normal, se detectó daño renal significativo en el Grupo 2. Se determinó que hubo una disminución significativa del daño renal en el grupo 3. CONCLUSIÓN: Estos resultados sugieren que la cordicepina en dosis bajas fue tan efectiva como la dosis normal en la reperfusión isquémica renal y la reducción del daño.

Primary lumbar hydatid cyst: a case report.

A five-year-old male patient presented with swelling in the lumbar region that had persisted for two weeks. Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic lesion inside his right back muscles. Intra-abdominal organs within the site of inspection were normal. The lumbar region was explored, and a 3x4x5 cm hydatid cyst was detected inside the latissimus dorsi muscles. The cyst was incised and the germinative membrane was removed. Albendazole was used for three months after surgery to prevent recurrences. No problem was detected in a five-year follow-up period. Primary hydatid cyst in the lumbar area is very rare. In hydatid cyst treatment, it is necessary to remove the cyst without contaminating adjacent organs. Medical treatment as an adjunct to surgery increases the chance of full recovery.

A different approach to leakage of esophageal atresia in children.

BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to present the results of patients treated for esophageal leakage with a different conservative approach. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA) who underwent surgery in our clinic between February 2013 and January 2018 were retrospectively reviewed in this study. Patients' anastomosis leakage, gestational week, gender, body weight, referral date, recovery time and stenosis were recorded. After leakage detection, the nasogastric catheter was fluoroscopically converted into a nasojejunal catheter using a guidewire and feeding continued. RESULTS: Anastomotic leakage developed in 18 (18.3%) patients. The average gestational age at birth was 35.4 weeks; the patients included ten girls and eight boys of average weight 2.41 kg; the average referral period was 2.1 days after birth and the average time of surgery was 2.4 days after birth. The average recovery time was 21.1 days (range: 8-60 days). Eight patients developed stenosis that recovered with dilatation. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that our conservative treatment approach, which uses a nasojejunal catheter, is an effective method that would reduce complications, enable earlier feeding, and reduce the cost compared to other treatment approaches.