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2.
Br J Cancer ; 112(3): 413-8, 2015 Feb 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25247321

RESUMO

Transcriptional deregulation plays a key role in a large array of cancers, and successful targeting of oncogenic transcription factors that sustain diseases has been a holy grail in the field. Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) driven by chimeric transcription factors encoding retinoic acid receptor alpha fusions is the paradigm of targeted cancer therapy, in which the application of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) treatments have markedly transformed this highly fatal cancer to a highly manageable disease. The extremely high complete remission rate resulted from targeted therapies using ATRA in combination with arsenic trioxide will likely be able to minimise or even totally eliminate the use of highly toxic chemotherapeutic agents in APL. In this article, we will review the molecular basis and the upcoming challenges of these targeted therapies in APL, and discuss the recent advance in our understanding of epigenetics underlying ATRA response and their potential use to further improve treatment response and overcome resistance.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Epigênese Genética , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/genética , Terapia de Alvo Molecular/métodos , Trióxido de Arsênio , Arsenicais/administração & dosagem , Metilação de DNA , Humanos , Óxidos/administração & dosagem , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico/fisiologia , Receptor alfa de Ácido Retinoico , Resultado do Tratamento , Tretinoína/administração & dosagem
3.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol ; 68(1): 147-51, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24342232

RESUMO

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is the best known and most widely used of all pesticidal microbes. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of a new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis SH-14 in rats through acute dermal toxicity, dermal and eye irritation experiments. The acute dermal toxicity and dermal and eye irritation studies were performed using rabbits according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency guidelines 885.3100, 870.2500 and 870.2500, respectively. The skin sensitization study was carried out in accordance to the EPA OPPTS 870.2600 using guinea pigs. There was no mortality and no evidence of treatment-related toxicity in acute dermal toxicity test. No dermal responses, including erythema/eschar or edema, were found in rabbits treated with the new formulation of Bti SH-14. Minimum response was observed after eye application of test substance. No skin sensitization reactions were observed after the challenge with the new formulation of Bti SH-14 in the Bti SH-14-treated guinea pigs. In summary, the present study demonstrated that the new formulation of Bti SH-14 is not acutely toxic via dermal route, has low eye irritation and would not cause dermal irritation or hypersensitivity to tested animals.


Assuntos
Bacillus thuringiensis , Agentes de Controle Biológico , Irritantes/toxicidade , Administração Cutânea , Animais , Olho/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Cobaias , Masculino , Coelhos , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Toxicidade Aguda
4.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol ; 64(3): 425-34, 2012 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23085371

RESUMO

Our goal was to assess the toxicity of two strengths (200 and 400 µg) of HER1 cancer vaccine (Center of Molecular Immunology, Cuba), presented in two different formulations, in Sprague Dawley rats after repeated intramuscular administration (14 days). Four groups (5 animals/sex) were established: Control, Placebo (adjuvant), and two Treated groups receiving a dose representing ten times of human total dose (10×), 28.6 and 57.1 µg/kg. Clinical observations, body weight and rectal temperature were measured during the study. Clinical pathology analysis was performed, besides gross necropsy and histological examination of tissues on animals at the end of the assay. The assay ended with a 100% survival. Injection site damage, with the presence of cysts and granulomas, was observed in adjuvant and vaccine treated groups, with most severe cases predominating at higher strength. Administration of Placebo and Her1 vaccine induced increase in polymorphonuclear cells, with relative lymphopenia conditioned by primary neutrophilia. In summary, results suggest that Her1 immunization was capable of inducing an inflammatory effect at the injection site, leading to systemic alterations, more significant at higher strength (400 µg, 57.1 µg/kg), probably affected by the immunizations' schedule used. The vaccine was shown to be well tolerated without any obvious signs of systemic toxicity, with findings largely attributable to the adjuvant used.


Assuntos
Vacinas Anticâncer/toxicidade , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/imunologia , Inflamação/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Vacinas Anticâncer/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Injeções Intramusculares , Masculino , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
5.
Reprod Domest Anim ; 47(5): e71-4, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22107033

RESUMO

This short communication reports the clinical, ultrasonographic and histopathological findings in a cat with atresia of the uterine cervix and mucometra. After 6 months of continuous oestrous behaviour, a remarkable abdominal enlargement was observed in a 14-year-old queen. A presumptive diagnosis of mucometra was concluded after the ultrasound evaluation and based on clinical signs and blood analyses. Ovariohysterectomy revealed a notable symmetrical distension (4-5 cm in diameter) of both uterine horns that were filled with fluid (690 ml); microbiological analyses confirmed the aseptic nature of the uterine fluid. Ovarian follicular cysts and cystic subsurface epithelial structures, >1.5 cm in diameter, were present in both ovaries and no corpora lutea were observed. Gross and microscopic evaluation of the uterus confirmed the development of cystic endometrial hyperplasia and the absence of an internal cervical os. The endometrial hyperplasia and mucometra could have developed as a consequence of repeated oestrogenic stimulation.


Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Colo do Útero/anormalidades , Muco , Doenças Uterinas/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Gato/patologia , Doenças do Gato/cirurgia , Gatos , Hiperplasia Endometrial/diagnóstico por imagem , Hiperplasia Endometrial/patologia , Hiperplasia Endometrial/veterinária , Feminino , Histerectomia/veterinária , Muco/diagnóstico por imagem , Cistos Ovarianos/diagnóstico por imagem , Cistos Ovarianos/patologia , Cistos Ovarianos/veterinária , Ovariectomia/veterinária , Ultrassonografia , Doenças Uterinas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Uterinas/patologia
6.
Plant Biol (Stuttg) ; 24(1): 185-191, 2022 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34634170

RESUMO

Endemic species distributed in fragmented habitats are highly vulnerable to extinction because they may have low genetic diversity. However, some life-history traits can mitigate the effect of genetic drift on populations. We analysed the level and distribution of genetic variation and ancestral population size of Yucca capensis, a long-lived endemic plant of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. Its populations are scattered across a habitat that is suffering accelerated transformation. We used six nuclear microsatellites to genotype 224 individuals from 17 locations across the entire species' geographic range. We estimated polymorphisms, heterozygosity and genetic structure. We also evaluated the ancestral and recent effective size and time since the population started to change. We found high heterozygosity, high polymorphism and low differentiation among locations, suggesting a panmictic population across the range. We also detected a large ancestral effective population size, which suffered a strong reduction in the Mid-Holocene. Despite changes in environmental conditions caused by habitat modification, the high diversity and low differentiation in Y. capensis may result from its large ancestral effective size and life-history traits, such as plant longevity, clonal growth and mating system, which reduce the rate of loss of genetic variation. However, the dependence on a specialist pollinator that displays short flight range can reduce gene flow among the plant populations and could, shortly, lead them into an extinction vortex.


Assuntos
Asparagaceae , Yucca , Ecossistema , Fluxo Gênico , Variação Genética , Genética Populacional , México , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Árvores/genética
7.
Virus Genes ; 43(3): 435-8, 2011 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21881940

RESUMO

Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), a member of the genus Tobamovirus, infects several ornamental and horticultural crops worldwide. In this study, the nucleotide sequences of the coat protein gene of worldwide ToMV isolates were analyzed to estimate the genetic structure and diversity of this virus and the involved evolutionary forces. The phylogenetic analysis showed three clades with high bootstrap support: Clade I contained three ToMV isolates from Brazil collected from pepper, Clade II comprised one Brazilian ToMV isolate from pepper, and Clade III was composed of ToMV isolates collected from different plant hosts (pepper, tomato, eggplant, lilac, camellia, dogwood, red spruce, etc.) and water (from melting ice, lakes and streams) from different countries: USA, Brazil, Korea, Germany, Spain, Denmark (Greenland), China, Taiwan, Malaysia, Iran, and Kazakhstan. With the exception of Brazil, nucleotide diversity within and between different geographic regions was very low, although statistical analyses suggested some gene flow between most of these regions. Our analyses also suggested a strong negative selection which could have contributed to the genetic stability of ToMV.


Assuntos
Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Evolução Molecular , Variação Genética , Doenças das Plantas/virologia , Tobamovirus/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/virologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Tobamovirus/classificação , Tobamovirus/isolamento & purificação
8.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol ; 59(1): 184-90, 2011 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20946931

RESUMO

During the last decades, efforts are being made to develop microbial insecticides as biological control agents. Bacillus thuringiensis has been one of the most consistent and significant biopesticides for using on crops as an insecticidal spray. The aim of this study was to assess and to compare the pathogenicity of a new formulation of B.thuringiensis var israelensis SH-14 in rats through oral, intranasal and intravenous single dosing. Through 21 days after administration, clinical examinations were performed daily, and body weight gain was evaluated. Clearance was estimated by means of collection of feces or examination of lungs and blood, and infectivity was evaluated enumerating microorganisms from organs of Bti SH-14 treated animals sacrificed at intervals. Gross necropsy of animals was performed at interim or final sacrifice. There were no treatment-related mortalities, and no evidence of pathogenicity or treatment related toxicity, although in the intravenous study, the microorganism was capable of achieving persistence in organs after administration, and the Bti SH-14 treated animals developed skin ulcerations and hemorrhages at the injection site. It could be concluded that the tested microorganism was not toxic or pathogenic to rats via oral or intranasal route, although it was capable of achieving persistence in organs after intravenous administration, eliciting local effects at the injection site.


Assuntos
Bacillus thuringiensis/patogenicidade , Controle Biológico de Vetores/métodos , Testes de Toxicidade Aguda , Administração por Inalação , Administração Oral , Animais , Bacillus thuringiensis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sangue/microbiologia , Peso Corporal , Encéfalo/microbiologia , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Fezes/microbiologia , Feminino , Injeções Intravenosas , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Medição de Risco , Pele/microbiologia , Pele/patologia , Fatores de Tempo , Vísceras/microbiologia
9.
Reprod Domest Anim ; 46(1): 177-80, 2011 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20088849

RESUMO

Unilateral testicular enlargement was detected in a 5-years-old domestic ferret during a routine sterilization. The right testicle showed two different types of proliferative lesions: (i) round nodules, well demarcated, showing a soft yellow tissue; (ii) white nodules, firm, with irregular-shaped invaginations. Microscopically, the neoplastic proliferations were identified as an interstitial neoplasm and Sertoli cell tumour, respectively. The left testicle was small and showed intense testicular atrophy. Clinical evaluation of the ferret did not show any other apparent pathological processes. This study is the first case reporting the concomitant occurrence of a Sertoli cells tumour and an interstitial cell tumour in a domestic ferret.


Assuntos
Furões , Tumor de Células de Leydig/veterinária , Tumor de Células de Sertoli/veterinária , Neoplasias Testiculares/veterinária , Animais , Tumor de Células de Leydig/patologia , Masculino , Tumor de Células de Sertoli/patologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/cirurgia
10.
Reprod Domest Anim ; 46(2): 362-5, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20456665

RESUMO

Medical and surgical management of a foetopelvic dystocia in an African lioness (Panthera leo) and the post-operative complications are reported. A caesarean section was performed to extract an oversize foetus blocked at the cervical canal; the lioness died 36 h after surgery. At necropsy, an abdominal effusion with sero-haemorrhagic fluid was observed, along with a fibrinopurulent exudate adhered to the serosal surfaces of the pelvic and abdominal cavities. In addition, the pelvic symphysis was not cartilaginous, but formed a firm and rigid joint between the pubis and ischium of each hip. The macroscopic and microscopic findings confirmed the presence of metritis, vaginitis and peritonitis. Dystocia may be caused by the premature ossification of the pelvic symphysis, reducing the dimensions of the pelvic cavity.


Assuntos
Cesárea/veterinária , Distocia/veterinária , Leões , Animais , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Ossos Pélvicos/patologia , Peritonite/patologia , Peritonite/veterinária , Gravidez , Vagina/patologia
11.
Reprod Domest Anim ; 46(4): 731-3, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21736634

RESUMO

Bilateral enlargement of both epididymes was observed in a 6-year-old German shepherd dog following a pre-scrotal urethrostomy. Testicular parenchyma showed regular structure, and the spermatogenesis and the steroidogenic functions were not modified. However, macroscopic examination of the tail and the body of both epididymes exhibited multiple white and well-delimited foci. Histopathological study of the epididymes confirmed the development of granulomas associated with extravasated spermatozoa. Urethrostomy caused a severe stenosis of the penile urethra, favouring the retention of urine at the urinary bladder. The retrograde pressure exerted by the distension of the urinary bladder could have allowed the urine to reach the prostatic urethra and the deferent ducts and, finally, the epididymes, causing irritation and rupture of the mucous layer of the epididymal duct, the consequent sperm extravasation and the development of sperm granulomas. We speculate that the inadequate surgical resolution of the urethral calculi caused the bladder distension, the subsequent retrograde flow of urine and the development of the lesions.


Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/patologia , Epididimo/patologia , Granuloma/veterinária , Espermatozoides/patologia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Urológicos Masculinos/veterinária , Animais , Cães , Granuloma/patologia , Masculino
12.
Plant Biol (Stuttg) ; 22(2): 233-242, 2020 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31603263

RESUMO

Climatic fluctuations during the Pleistocene influenced the geographical distribution of plant species across the southern region of California. Following an integrative approach, we combined genetic data analysis with Environmental Niche Models (ENMs) to assess the historical range expansion of Yucca schidigera, a long-lived desert perennial native of the Baja California Peninsula. We genotyped 240 individuals with seven nuclear microsatellite to investigate genetic diversity distribution across 13 populations. Indeed, we used Environmental Niche Models to examine the changes on the distribution of suitable climatic conditions for this species during the LIG (~120 ka), LGM (~22 ka) and Mid Holocene (~6 ka). We detected high genetic diversity across Y. schidigera populations (AR = 9.94 ± 0.38 SE; Hexp = 0.791 ± 0.011 SE) with genetic variation decreasing significantly with latitude (allelic richness: R 2 = 0.38, P = 0.023; expected heterocigosity: R2 = 0.32, P = 0.042). We observed low, but significant genetic differentiation (FST = 0.0678; P < 0.001) which was consistent with the parapatric distribution of the three genetic groupings detected by the Bayesian clustering algorithm. The ENMs suggest that suitable habitat for this species increased since the LGM. Our results support a range expansion of Y. schidigera across northwestern Baja California during the late Quaternary. Genetic data suggest that colonization of the current distribution followed a southward directionality as suitable climatic conditions became widely available in this region. High genetic variation across our sample suggests large historic effective population sizes for this section of the geographical range.


Assuntos
Ecossistema , Variação Genética , Filogenia , Yucca , Teorema de Bayes , México , Repetições de Microssatélites , Modelos Biológicos , Filogeografia , Yucca/classificação , Yucca/genética
13.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32229104

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Transient osteoporosis of the hip (THO) is a rare disease of unknown pathogenesis that has traditionally been considered an early and reversible stage of avascular necrosis (AN). Thrombophilia or familial hypofibrinolysis is considered a risk factor for the development of AN and THO. Factor V Leiden is one of the most common hereditary hypercoagulability disorders. CLINICAL CASES: Case series study. The development and course of 3THO cases in 3siblings (two males and one female) aged between 40 and 43 years are described consecutively. Clinical and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies confirmed the diagnosis of THO and ruled out the presence of AN. The G1691A mutation of factor v Leiden was positive in all cases. The clinical and radiological outcome was favourable, with healing without sequelae and disappearance of bone oedema on control MRI at 6 months in all cases. DISCUSSION: The results of this study support the ischaemic aetiology and establish HTO as an early and reversable stage of hip AN. Factor V Leiden causes a state of hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis that encourages the development of THO due to ischaemic causes. CONCLUSIONS: This study outlines the first familiar description of factor v Leiden-linked THO.

14.
Plant Dis ; 93(12): 1346, 2009 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30759526

RESUMO

Pelargonium zonate spot virus (PZSV) was first reported on Pelargonium zonale (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton and later on tomato in Italy, Spain, France (1), and the United States (2). In Spain, PZSV was first detected in 1996 in tomato plants of cv. Royesta from greenhouses in Zaragoza Province (3) and subsequently in tomato in the Catalonia and Navarra areas. In April 2006, symptoms of PZSV were found at high incidence on tomato in a greenhouse in Huesca, Aragón (northeastern Spain). Randomly distributed pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) of cv. Estilo F1 growing in the same greenhouse showed severe foliar chlorotic ringspots and line patterns similar to those observed in tomato. Samples from symptomatic peppers and tomatoes and one asymptomatic weed of Rubia tinctorum L. tested positive by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using polyclonal antibodies against PZSV (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN and DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany) as did a Spanish PZSV isolate used as a positive control (3). Sap extracts from two tomatoes, three peppers, and the single R. tinctorum plant were mechanically inoculated to 22 indicator species, including pepper and tomato. On 17 of 22 species inoculated, sap from symptomatic tomatoes and peppers elicited local or systemic symptoms similar to those reported earlier for PZSV isolates (3). Systemic symptoms were mainly mosaic, chlorotic, and necrotic line patterns and ringspots on leaves of most indicator species, closely resembling those observed on the greenhouse pepper and tomato plants. Symptoms on inoculated tomatoes also included stem necrosis and death. Reactions of indicator species did not indicate the presence of any other pepper- or tomato-infecting viruses. Both field infected and mechanically inoculated plants of pepper cvs. Yolo Wonder and Doux des Landes were maintained in the greenhouse until the development of fruit symptoms. Only fruits of cv. Yolo Wonder showed dark green and slightly depressed circles on their surface. Local and systemic infection by PZSV was confirmed by DAS-ELISA in most inoculated plants. Total RNA from leaves of field or inoculated plants was used as template for amplification by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with primers R3-F and R3-R that are specific for the PZSV 3a gene (2), and amplicons were sequenced directly. The sequences of 697 nt from pepper and tomato isolates from the same greenhouse were identical (GenBank Accession Nos. CQ178217 and CQ178216, respectively) and had 96.1% identity to nucleotides 384 to 1,080 in PZSV RNA-3 (NC_003651). Our results confirm the natural infection of pepper plants in Huesca by PZSV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of pepper as a natural host for PZSV, a significant finding considering the potential risks of PZSV dispersion whenever tomato and pepper coexist, particularly in greenhouses and nurseries. References: (1) M. Finetti-Sialer and D. Gallitelli. J. Gen. Virol. 84:3143, 2003. (2) H. Y. Liu and J. L. Sears. Plant Dis. 91:633, 2007. (3) M. Luis-Arteaga and M. A. Cambra. Plant Dis. 84:807, 2000.

15.
J Virol Methods ; 144(1-2): 156-60, 2007 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17475342

RESUMO

The genus Fabavirus includes three species: Broad bean wilt virus 1 (BBWV-1), BBWV-2 and Lamium mild mosaic virus (LMMV), but a new candidate species, Gentian mosaic virus (GeMV), has been proposed. Analysis of the complete nucleotide sequences of fabaviruses was used to design a pair of conserved primers for specific detection of members of this genus. These primers encompassed the 5'-terminal non-translatable region (NTR) , whose size for BBWV-1, BBWV-2 and GeMV was different. RT-PCR, with this pair of primers, is a rapid and sensitive procedure for diagnosis of fabavirus infections, that also allows identification of distinct species involved in single or mixed infections, based on the size of the amplification products. Moreover, it might allow future discovery of potential new species of this genus.


Assuntos
Fabavirus/isolamento & purificação , Plantas/virologia , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/métodos , Sequência de Bases , Primers do DNA , Fabavirus/classificação , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Alinhamento de Sequência
16.
An Sist Sanit Navar ; 39(1): 143-8, 2016 04 29.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27125614

RESUMO

Clopidogrel is a thienopyridine-class antiplatelet drug commonly used in ischemic heart disease,cerebrovascular disease and peripheral artery disease.Liver toxicity due to this drug is very infrequent.We found 16 cases in the literature, and in only two of them liver biopsy was carried out. We report the case of a 78 year old patient with multiple conditions affected by severe toxic cholestatic hepatitis due to clopidogrel and the results of the liver biopsy performed. Hepatitis was resolved after discontinuing the drug.Based on the characteristics of this case and other previously published cases, we review the characteristics of toxic hepatitis due to clopidogrel and its diagnosis and treatment.


Assuntos
Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos adversos , Ticlopidina/análogos & derivados , Clopidogrel , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/uso terapêutico , Ticlopidina/efeitos adversos , Ticlopidina/uso terapêutico
17.
Oncogenesis ; 4: e179, 2015 Dec 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26690545

RESUMO

Long-term outcome of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) patients without Down's syndrome remains poor. Founding mutations and chimeric oncogenes characterize various AMKL subtypes. However, for around one third of all cases the underlying mechanisms of AMKL leukemogenesis are still largely unknown. Recently, an in-frame fusion of meningeoma 1-friend leukemia virus integration 1 (MN1-Fli1) gene was detected in a child with AMKL. We intended to investigate the potential role of this oncofusion in leukemogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. Strikingly, expression of MN1-Fli1 in murine hematopoietic progenitor cells was sufficient to induce leukemic transformation generating immature myeloid cells with cytomorphology and expression of surface markers typical for AMKL. Systematic structure function analyses revealed FLS and 3'ETS domains of Fli1 as decisive domains for the AMKL phenotype. Our data highlight an important role of MN1-Fli1 in AMKL leukemogenesis and provide a basis for research assessing the value of this oncofusion as a future diagnostic marker and/or therapeutic target in AMKL patients.

18.
Neuroscience ; 129(3): 691-702, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15541890

RESUMO

Neural injury triggers changes in the expression of a large number of gene families. Particularly interesting are those encoding proteins involved in the generation, propagation or restoration of electric potentials. The expression of the Na+, K+-ATPase subunit isoforms (alpha, beta and gamma) was studied in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and sciatic nerve of the rat in normal conditions, after axotomy and during regeneration. In normal DRG, alpha1 and alpha2 are expressed in the plasma membrane of all cell types, while there is no detectable signal for alpha3 in most DRG cells. After axotomy, alpha1 and alpha2 expression decreases evenly in all cells, while there is a remarkable onset in alpha3 expression, with a peak about day 3, which gradually disappears throughout regeneration (day 7). beta1 Is restricted to the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane of neurons and satellite cells. Immediately after injury, beta1 shows a homogeneous distribution in the soma of neurons. No beta2 expression was found. Beta3 Specific immunofluorescence appears in all neurons, although it is brightest in the smallest, diminishing progressively after injury until day 3 and, thereafter, increasing in intensity, until it reaches normal levels. FXYD7 is expressed weakly in a few DRG neurons (less than 2%) and Schwann cells. It increases intensely in satellite cells immediately after axotomy, and in all cell types at day 3. Transient switching of members of the Na+, K+-ATPase isoform family elicited by axotomy suggests variations in the sodium pump isozymes with different affinities for Na+, K+ and ATP from those in intact nerve. This adaptation may be important for regeneration.


Assuntos
Gânglios Espinais/citologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Regeneração Nervosa/fisiologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Nervo Isquiático/citologia , ATPase Trocadora de Sódio-Potássio/metabolismo , Animais , Axônios/metabolismo , Axotomia/métodos , Diagnóstico por Imagem/métodos , Imunofluorescência/métodos , Proteína GAP-43/metabolismo , Gânglios Espinais/metabolismo , Fosfopiruvato Hidratase/metabolismo , Propídio , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Proteínas S100/metabolismo , Células de Schwann/metabolismo , Nervo Isquiático/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo
19.
J Am Geriatr Soc ; 40(12): 1250-4, 1992 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1447443

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: (1) Determine if the Braden scale or Norton scale predicted the same patients to be at risk for pressure ulcer development as were receiving preventive nursing interventions. (2) Identify the items on the Braden and Norton risk assessment scales that the nurses used intuitively to determine a patient's need for a preventive intervention. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Six hundred-bed, state-supported, long-term care facility. PATIENTS: War veterans who were 82% male and 97% caucasian, mean age 73. MEASUREMENTS: (1) Patients were categorized as at-risk or not-at-risk by the Norton and Braden scales. (2) The presence of a preventive nursing intervention was noted. Agreement in assignment of at-risk status among the two assessments and presence of a preventive intervention was analyzed using Cohen's Kappa. (3) The staff nurses' use of preventive interventions was modeled using stepwise logistic regression. The items from the Braden and Norton risk assessment scales were used as independent variables with staff nurse implementation of a preventive intervention as the dependent variable. RESULTS: Nurse preventive interventions were found on 45% of patients. The Norton scale identified 38% and the Braden scale identified 27% of patients as at-risk. Agreement among the three methods was 0.53. Agreement between the Braden and Norton scales was 0.73. Agreement between use of a preventive intervention and a classification as at-risk by the Braden or Norton scale was 0.41 and 0.43, respectively. Stepwise logistic regression revealed that low Braden mobility scores (Odds Ratio: 2.74) and low Braden friction/shear scores (Odds Ratio: 3.29) were associated with an increased likelihood of a patient receiving a preventive nursing intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The overall level of agreement among the two scales predicting risk and the presence of a preventive intervention was not high. Agreement, however, between the two risk assessment scales was close. The staff nurses apparently relied on a patients' mobility, their exposure to friction/shear, and additional unidentified factors to guide implementation of a preventive intervention. Further study is needed to define the cost, efficacy, and related cost effectiveness of routine pressure ulcer risk assessment.


Assuntos
Pacientes Internados/classificação , Casas de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Úlcera por Pressão/enfermagem , Úlcera por Pressão/prevenção & controle , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Análise de Regressão , Fatores de Risco , Estados Unidos , Veteranos/estatística & dados numéricos
20.
Histol Histopathol ; 17(4): 1239-67, 2002 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12371151

RESUMO

Despite the recognition that degenerative cartilage disorders like osteoarthritis (OA) and osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) may have nutritional abnormalities at the root of their pathogenesis, balanced dietary supplementation programs have played a secondary role in their management. This review emphasizes the importance and role of nutritional factors such as glucose and glucose-derived sugars (i.e. glucosamine sulfate and vitamin C) in the development, maintenance, repair, and remodeling of cartilage. Chondrocytes, the cells of cartilage, consume glucose as a primary substrate for ATP production in glycolysis and utilize glucosamine sulfate and other sulfated sugars as structural components for extracellular matrix synthesis and are dependent on hexose uptake and delivery to metabolic and biosynthetic pools. Data from several laboratories suggests that chondrocytes express multiple isoforms of the GLUT/SLC2A family of glucose/polyol transporters. These facilitative glucose transporter proteins are expressed in a tissue and cell-specific manner, exhibit distinct kinetic properties, and are developmentally regulated. They may also be regulated by endocrine factors like insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Recent studies suggest that degeneration of cartilage may be triggered by metabolic disorders of glucose balance and that OA occurs coincident with metabolic disease, endocrine dysfunction and diabetes mellitus. Based on these metabolic, endocrine and developmental considerations we present a novel hypothesis regarding the role of glucose transport and metabolism in cartilage physiology and pathophysiology and speculate that supplementation with sugar-derived vitamins and nutraceuticals may benefit patients with degenerative joint disorders.


Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Ósseo/fisiologia , Cartilagem/patologia , Condrócitos/metabolismo , Condrogênese/fisiologia , Glucose/metabolismo , Osteoartrite/patologia , Animais , Ácido Ascórbico/fisiologia , Osso e Ossos/irrigação sanguínea , Cartilagem/ultraestrutura , Cartilagem Articular/anatomia & histologia , Cartilagem Articular/patologia , Cartilagem Articular/fisiologia , Condrócitos/patologia , Glândulas Endócrinas/fisiologia , Humanos , Proteínas de Transporte de Monossacarídeos/metabolismo , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional
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