The global soil community and its influence on biogeochemistry.

Soil organisms represent the most biologically diverse community on land and govern the turnover of the largest organic matter pool in the terrestrial biosphere. The highly complex nature of these communities at local scales has traditionally obscured efforts to identify unifying patterns in global soil biodiversity and biogeochemistry. As a result, environmental covariates have generally been used as a proxy to represent the variation in soil community activity in global biogeochemical models. Yet over the past decade, broad-scale studies have begun to see past this local heterogeneity to identify unifying patterns in the biomass, diversity, and composition of certain soil groups across the globe. These unifying patterns provide new insights into the fundamental distribution and dynamics of organic matter on land.

Anterior hippocampal dysconnectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder: a dimensional and multimodal approach.

The anterior hippocampus (aHPC) has a central role in the regulation of anxiety-related behavior, stress response, emotional memory and fear. However, little is known about the presence and extent of aHPC abnormalities in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this study, we used a multimodal approach, along with graph-based measures of global brain connectivity (GBC) termed functional GBC with global signal regression (f-GBCr) and diffusion GBC (d-GBC), in combat-exposed US Veterans with and without PTSD. Seed-based aHPC anatomical connectivity analyses were also performed. A whole-brain voxel-wise data-driven investigation revealed a significant association between elevated PTSD symptoms and reduced medial temporal f-GBCr, particularly in the aHPC. Similarly, aHPC d-GBC negatively correlated with PTSD severity. Both functional and anatomical aHPC dysconnectivity measures remained significant after controlling for hippocampal volume, age, gender, intelligence, education, combat severity, depression, anxiety, medication status, traumatic brain injury and alcohol/substance comorbidities. Depression-like PTSD dimensions were associated with reduced connectivity in the ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In contrast, hyperarousal symptoms were positively correlated with ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal connectivity. We believe the findings provide first evidence of functional and anatomical dysconnectivity in the aHPC of veterans with high PTSD symptomatology. The data support the putative utility of aHPC connectivity as a measure of overall PTSD severity. Moreover, prefrontal global connectivity may be of clinical value as a brain biomarker to potentially distinguish between PTSD subgroups.

Nursing Information and Data Set Evaluation Center.

The American Nurses Association (ANA) has established the Nursing Information and Data Set Evaluation Center (NIDSEC). The purpose of this Center is to develop and disseminate standards pertaining to information systems that support the documentation of nursing practice, and to evaluate voluntarily submitted information systems against these standards. The target audience for these standards includes both consumers and vendors of clinical information systems. The need for an evaluation center arises out of a long history of calls for standards pertaining to nursing data and to information systems. These calls have come from the Secretary of Health and Human Services Commission on Nursing, the National Commission on Nursing Implementation Project (NICNIP). Standards will be developed to evaluate the completeness, accuracy and appropriateness of four dimensions of nursing data sets and the systems that contain them: 1) Nomenclature; 2) Clinical Content; 3) Clinical Data Repository; and 4) General System Characteristics.

Setting standards for nursing data sets in information systems.

The American Nurses Association (ANA) has established the Nursing Information and Data Set Evaluation Center (NIDSEC). The purpose of this Center is to develop and disseminate standards pertaining to information systems that support the documentation of nursing practice, and to evaluate voluntarily submitted information systems against these standards. The need for an evaluation center arises out of a long history of calls for standards pertaining to nursing data and to information systems. Standards have been developed to evaluate the completeness, accuracy and appropriateness of four dimensions of nursing data sets and the systems that contain them 1) nomenclature, 2) clinical content, 3) clinical data repository, and 4) general system characteristics. Once the standards and scoring mechanisms were established, they were tested for reliability and validity. A Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.875 was established for the scoring tool.

ANA standards for nursing data sets in information systems.

The American Nurses Association has established the Nursing Information and Data Set Evaluation Center. The purpose of this Center is to develop and disseminate standards pertaining to information systems that support the documentation of nursing practice, and to evaluate voluntarily submitted information systems against these standards. The need for an evaluation center arises out of a long history of calls for standards pertaining to nursing data and information systems. These calls have come from the Secretary of Health and Human Services Commission on Nursing, the National Commission on Nursing Implementation Project, and a joint Task Force appointed by the Congress of Nursing Practice Steering Committee on Databases to Support Clinical Nursing Practice and the Congress of Nursing Practice Committee on Nursing Practice Standards and Guidelines. Standards have been developed to evaluate the completeness, accuracy and appropriateness of four dimensions of nursing data sets and the systems that contain them: (1) nomenclature, (2) clinical content, (3) clinical data repository, and (4) general system characteristics.